Income Communities Research Articles

Challenges of Inclusive Tourism in Nepal: A Sociological Review

This paper examines inclusive tourism practices and challenges among stakeholders in the Thamel area of Kathmandu and Gatlang in Rasuwa. Featuring 21 participants, including hotel and trekking company owners, guides, tourists, and community members, the research highlighted issues of accessibility, workforce diversity, and community participation. Key findings revealed limited accessibility for individuals with disabilities due to high costs and poor transportation in remote areas. Although there is some diversity among tourism entrepreneurs, employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, especially the deaf, remain rare. Despite tourism generating income for local communities, external stakeholders often reap the benefits. Nepal has made progress with traveler-friendly policies, but challenges persist in infrastructure and awareness among operators, affecting services for travelers with special needs. Women and marginalized groups face participation barriers in the workforce, and local communities struggle to maintain cultural heritage amid modernization. Overall, the study concluded that inclusive tourism in Nepal is still developing, with significant improvements needed in policies, infrastructure, and stakeholder awareness to create a more inclusive environment.

Kajian Persepsi Masyarakat Pada Pembangunan Pariwisata DSP (Destinasi Super Prioritas) Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Masyarakat Pada Objek Wisata Danau Toba

This research aims to determine the impact of the study of super priority destination tourism development on the level of community income at the Lake Toba tourist attraction. This research method is descriptive qualitative research, with the population of the community around Lake Toba (Samosir Regency) who are experiencing the impact of the development of super priority tourism destinations, using data collection techniques through answering questions (questionnaires) and literature study methods. The data analysis method uses Miles & Huberman's interactive model analysis, starting from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, to the process of drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the existence of the Lake Toba super priority destination development program has had a good impact on the community. The community can experience an increase in income after this program exists on Lake Toba. And with this super priority destination program, the community is also given the opportunity to receive training as business actors in the tourism sector, and the community is actively involved as a provider of suggestions and input in planning and developing Lake Toba as a super priority destination.

Camel milk: White gold and its contribution to the sustainable development goals—A review

Camel milk plays a multifaceted and significant role in contributing to sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review aims to explore its impact on SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Camel milk alleviates poverty by providing crucial income and job opportunities for pastoral communities where alternative livelihoods are limited. Its rich nutritional value enhances food security, particularly in regions suffering from hunger and low agricultural productivity. Furthermore, its nutritional and medicinal properties contribute to public health and well-being, particularly in communities affected by food insecurity. The expanding camel milk industry promotes decent work and economic growth by fostering market diversification and growth while empowering women by creating economic opportunities within local communities. Camel milk production aligns with sustainable consumption and production patterns by requiring fewer resources and minimizing waste, and it strengthens resilience to climate change in vulnerable regions. Despite its potential, the camel milk industry faces hurdles such as high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and limited market access. This article emphasizes the need for targeted efforts to overcome these challenges and highlights the potential of camel milk as a key driver of sustainable development in some of the world's most fragile regions and its contributions to sustainable development and improving the livelihoods of vulnerable communities worldwide. This article emphasizes the need for targeted efforts to overcome these challenges and highlights the potential of camel milk as a key driver of sustainable development in improving the livelihoods, especially of vulnerable communities across the world's most fragile regions.

Mangrove-based carbon market projects: What stakeholders need to address during pre-feasibility assessment.

Mangrove-based carbon market projects (MbCMP) aim to conserve, protect and restore mangrove habitats in order to generate high quality blue carbon credits via a crediting program, as a contribution to climate change mitigation/adaptation, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services provision and local socio-economic development. The blue carbon credits generated are transferable, verifiable and sold through carbon markets to earn additional income for governments and local communities. The main aim of the paper is to provide important considerations for pre-field planning, that is, how challenges associated with fieldwork, project implementation, and monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) can be addressed with proper pre-field planning. Herein, we present a comprehensive list of some major concerns, which should be addressed by MbCMP developers and other stakeholders prior to embarking on fieldwork and project implementation. Moreover, we propose a methodological protocol and guideline principles for enhancing field data collection, project implementation and MRV planning. This should help address the major concerns that contribute to inaccurate and controversial baselines and project scenarios around MbCMP. By addressing these major concerns and adhering to the proposed methodological protocol and guideline principles during pre-field preparation planning, MbCMP developers and the respective MbCMP stakeholders can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of field data collection to estimate robust and reliable baseline and project scenarios. This will go a long way to building public trust, support and engagement in MbCMP to achieve the desired positive ecological, economic and social outcomes.

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (KOTAKU) di Kabupaten Pandeglang

Pandeglang Regency has 201,16 hectares of slum areas spread across 37 locations in 13 sub-districts. The Kota Tanpa Kumuh (KOTAKU) program in Pandeglang Regency still has several problems in its implementation, namely the lack of active community involvement, the location of the program target is not evenly distributed, the program is not oriented to the poor community at large, the mismatch of the program rolled out with the conditions needed by the community, the utilization and maintenance of program results are not carried out optimally. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the social and economic impacts of the KOTAKU program in Pandeglang Regency. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the social impact of the KOTAKU program is to increase active participation and awareness in the community to work together to implement development, improve the quality of life and health of the community, and a sense of ownership of the infrastructure built together. The economic impact of the KOTAKU program is an increase in community welfare and income, job creation, increased work and economic mobility of residents, and efficiency of household living needs.

Implementation of the Use of Trademark Rights in the Development of UMKM in Medan City

A brand is a logo or symbol representing a company's identity. Brands are highly influential in attracting customers and differentiating products from competitors. A brand is considered intellectual property, allowing differentiation between similar products and services, thereby maintaining quality. Trademark laws emphasize the exclusive rights of the brand owner to use it personally or to grant permission to others. Small and Medium Sized (SMEs) play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy by creating jobs and increasing community income. This highlights the importance of branding for SMEs, especially in Medan, where SMEs significantly contribute to economic growth and development. Trademark registration for SMEs actors involves a trademark renewal process that adds to the burden due to additional costs and periodic administrative requirements. All of this makes SMEs actors reluctant to register trademarks, even though this step is crucial for protecting and strengthening their business in the market

Potensi Pengembangan Ekonomi Hijau Di Kabupaten Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan

This research aims to identify the potential for green economic development in Pangkajene and Islands Regency. The research method uses qualitative analysis. This research design was carried out by collecting primary and secondary data, data collection methods collected through various data sources in Pangkajene and Kepuluan Districts and in-depth interviews with several informants from the local community and stakeholders. Based on research results, Pangkajene and Islands Regency has significant green economic potential including marine tourism (ecotourism, beach and island tourism), sustainable fisheries (fish, shrimp, lobster), and organic farming (vegetables, fruit, medicinal plants) . Green economic development can improve community welfare and preserve the environment, such as increasing community income, creating employment opportunities, developing local industry, increasing contribution to district GDP, and reducing dependence on traditional sectors. Effective policies and strategies are needed to develop a green economy by developing green infrastructure, increasing public awareness, developing environmentally friendly technology, developing cooperation with related institutions, and developing green economic policies.

Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pengolahan dan Potensi Buah Kelapa menjadi Kopra Putih di Desa Simpang Tiga Daratan Kecamatan Enok

The implementation of community service activities in Simpang Tiga Daratan Enok Tembilahan Village is motivated by the community's livelihood in the agricultural and plantation sectors with plantation products in the form of Coconuts and Areca Nuts, however, community income in Simpang Tiga Enok Inhil Village is still low due to a lack of innovation in processing plantation products. Coconuts are sold raw to collectors without processing them first so the selling price is low. Therefore, assistance and training is needed for the community in Simpang Tiga Daratan Enok Village to process plantation products. For this reason, this community service activity provided socialization and training on making coconut skullcaps to the people of Simpang Tiga Daratan Enok Inhil Village. There are several programs that will be implemented related to the problems that have been described, namely providing socialization on the use of coconuts to make coconut shells on a national scale, namely coconut shells, providing training on processing coconuts into innovative products and mentoring coconut shell businesses. The response of community leaders and residents to the realization of this training was very positive.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cycling and Cycle Tourism in Santa Catarina, Brazil

The COVID-19 pandemic changed social structures on multiple scales due to social and sanitary restrictions. Tourism, like other sectors, was broadly impacted, experiencing a dramatic reduction in travel. In response, individuals sought alternative ways to maintain physical activity, with outdoor activities gaining popularity, and cycling becoming increasingly widespread under these circumstances. This study aimed to analyze the profile of cyclists and cycle tourists in Santa Catarina within the post-pandemic context. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data for a descriptive analysis. A self- administered questionnaire was applied for data collection and measurement, analyzed within a theoretical framework. The study involved 185 respondents residing in the state, with a near-equal distribution of men and women, and a predominance of higher education and income levels. The findings indicate that the pandemic significantly encouraged cycling as a means of leisure, recreation, and physical exercise. A significant proportion of respondents began cycling due to social restrictions and continued the activity post-pandemic. Cycle tourism was almost unanimously regarded as a key driver for developing tourist attractions, with the potential to attract visitors and generate income for local communities.

Analisis Pemasaran Maggot BSF (Black Soldier Fly) Desa Bojo

This study aims to analyze the marketing system of maggot bsf in Bojo Village. Based on the results of observations and interviews in Bojo Village, the main problem was found, namely household waste. The garbage was thrown out of place, the garbage was found scattered on the beach and close to residential areas. The waste that is wasted includes organic waste from household waste. Organic waste can cause environmental problems such as air and soil pollution and cause various negative impacts on public health. A solution that can be done by village communities is maggot cultivation from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) flies, as an effective and easy way to manage organic waste. By cultivating maggot for organic waste, we can create a high-value resource that can have a positive impact on the environment and the economy of the village community. Maggot cultivation aims to decompose organic matter left over from household food consumption. Able to digest organic waste quickly so that it helps reduce the volume of organic waste. In addition, maggots are also able to prevent uncontrolled accumulation of waste. In fact, casgot which is the result of the decomposition of waste carried out by maggot can produce high-quality organic fertilizer that can increase soil fertility. Maggot has a high nutrient content that helps local agriculture. Maggot cultivation can also be a new business opportunity for village communities because it can be sold as animal feed. It has an impact on increasing the income of the local community.

Genetic diversity and environmental adaptation in Ethiopian tef.

Orphan crops serve as essential resources for both nutrition and income in local communities and offer potential solutions to the challenges of food security and climate vulnerability. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)], a small-grained allotetraploid, C4 cereal mainly cultivated in Ethiopia, stands out for its adaptability to marginal conditions and high nutritional value, which holds both local and global promise. Despite its significance, tef is considered an orphan crop due to limited genetic improvement efforts, reliance on subsistence farming, and its nutritional, economic, and cultural importance. Although pre-Semitic inhabitants of Ethiopia have cultivated tef for millennia (4000-1000 BCE), the genetic and environmental drivers of local adaptation remain poorly understood. To address this, we resequenced a diverse collection of traditional tef varieties to investigate their genetic structure and identify genomic regions under environmental selection using redundancy analysis, complemented by differentiation-based methods. We identified 145 loci associated with abiotic environmental factors, with minimal geographic influence observed in the genetic structure of the sample population. Overall, this work contributes to the broader understanding of local adaptation and its genetic basis in tef, providing insights that support efforts to develop elite germplasms with improved environmental resilience.

Pemanfaatan Lahan Eks-Tambang Batubara Guna Meningkatkan Pendapatan Ekonomi Masyarakat dan Pembelajaran untuk Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Loa Janan

Sustainable use of ex-mining land is an important aspect of sustainable development. By teaching students about reusing mined land, we can help develop a generation that cares more about the environment. The aim of this research is to explore the potential for using ex-coal mining land to increase the economic income of local communities and also for learning for students at SMA Negeri 1 Loa Janan. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, and data conclusion. The research results show that ex-coal mining land can help increase the economic income of local communities and can be an effective teaching material in PKN learning. Utilizing ex-coal mining land for economic activities has great potential to increase the income of local communities. This research proves that the use of ex-coal mining land as enrichment material for PKN teaching materials is effective in increasing understanding of PKN teaching materials for students at SMA Negeri 1 Loa Janan.

UNESCO Geopark Designation Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia: Econometric Descriptive Analysis Before and After

This study analyzes land-use changes in the lakeside area of Lake Toba in Toba Regency before and after its designation as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2020. Using satellite imagery, drone-assisted surveys, and field observations, the study quantifies specific changes in land cover and evaluates the impact of Geopark designation on environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Between 2015 and 2023, natural vegetation increased by 8%, erosion-prone areas reduced by 12%, and compliance with zoning regulations improved by 15%. Environmental indicators such as phosphate concentrations dropped from 0.5 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L, while dissolved oxygen levels rose from 4.5 mg/L to 6.0 mg/L, signaling better water quality. However, challenges remain, including uneven community participation and gaps in zoning enforcement. Socially, community income from ecotourism activities increased by 25%, based on surveys and interviews conducted with local residents and stakeholders. The study highlights the importance of collaborative management frameworks involving governments, communities, and private sectors to ensure sustainable development. The findings provide strategic policy recommendations for adaptive environmental management, offering a replicable model for other tourism regions in Indonesia and beyond.

Production Jelly Candy and Soap derived from marine seaweed for health branding and community empowerment in Mojokerto East Java

In this PKM program, our partner is residents in Mojokerto, Surabaya, East Java, Province. This community has generated the production of jelly candy and natural soap derived from marine seaweed. Seaweed processing has a very broad market potential due to the increasing demand and use of seaweed processing products, both in the fields of food, health, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or industry. Seaweed development with an industrial concept approach that starts from upstream, processing basic products into formulated products with a lot of derivative products, both food and non-food products. In food ingredients, seaweed can be formulated into jelly candy that is in great demand from children to adults. In pharmaceutical grade, it can be formulated into cosmetics such as natural soap. Based on interviews and observations in the field, there are 3 main focuses of the problems currently faced by partners, namely: 1) lack of knowledge about seaweed, 2) seaweed application for food and non-food and 3) the packaging of product. Some of the things planned by the PKM team are innovating seaweed to be jelly candy and natural soap. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge and understanding of the diversification of processed seaweed products for both food and non-food purposes, which is expected to provide benefits in terms of increasing the added value of seaweed, awareness of hand washing hygiene, empowering women and at the same time increasing community income. This activity was realized with an approach in the form of making a sustainable cooperation program until the end of PKM, creating a family atmosphere between the two and understanding that the problems experienced were a shared problem so that they could be solved together according to the level of responsibility to achieve the expected benefits, namely increased yields, production and productivity and competitiveness, independence and welfare of the community.

Determination of Leading Fruit Commodities in the Horticulture Subsector in Gresik Regency

Agriculture remains a crucial sector as it is interconnected with various aspects, particularly the horticulture subsector, which is increasingly favored by farmers due to its relatively shorter harvest periods, especially for vegetables and fruits. This subsector holds a vital position as a promising agricultural product to be developed, and its growth is expected to boost the local economy and contribute to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Gresik Regency. The government has prioritized the development of horticulture agribusiness, particularly fruit production, as it can enhance community income. This study aims to analyze the leading commodities in the fruit horticulture subsector that serve as base and non-base sectors in Gresik Regency, identifying their current and future positions. Using secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the study applies Location Quotient (LQ) and Delta Location Quotient (?LQ) methods to classify the potential of commodities into four categories: stars, mature, emerging, and transforming. Based on the analysis, water apple is identified as a "star" commodity, mango and rambutan fall into the "mature" category, starfruit, guava, pomelo, mangosteen, papaya, banana, soursop, and Breadfruit are in the "emerging" category. At the same time, avocado, durian, and mandarin orange are classified as "transforming" commodities. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 1: No PovertySDG 2: Zero HungerSDG 8: Decent Work and Economic GrowthSDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate Action

Dampak Program Kegiatan Desa Wisata Napal Jungur Terhadap Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Petani Studi Kasus Kecamatan Lubuk Sandi Kabupaten Seluma

The development of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction has brought socioeconomic impacts to the farming community. The purpose of this research is to determine the social impact of the development of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction on the welfare of the community in Lubuk Sandi Sub-District, Seluma Regency, as well as to understand the economic impact on the development of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction in Seluma Regency. The focus of this research is on the development of the Napal Junggur tourist attraction on the Economic of Farmers' Households in Lubuk Sandi Sub-District, Seluma Regency. This research was conducted in the environment of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction in Lubuk Sandi Sub-District, Seluma Regency. The data collection techniques used in this research include observation, interviews, documentation, and a combination of all three (triangulation). In this study, the analysis method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach that includes analyses based on the research object that has been arranged beforehand to provide more focused results. Based on the research findings, the social impact of the development of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction includes increased social interaction with new people, competition among traders that requires them to interact with each other in running their businesses. The economic impact of the development of the Napal Jungur tourist attraction includes an increase in community income, thereby improving the welfare of the community.

Monitoring of Selected Swine Viral Diseases in Peruvian Amazon Peccaries.

Peccaries (collared peccary-CP-and white-lipped peccary-WLP) are an essential source of protein and income for rural communities in the Amazon region. Since 1980s, researchers in the Amazon have reported recurrent local disappearances of WLP populations. Although such disappearances impact the species conservation and the food security of rural societies, no studies have drawn consistent conclusions about the causes of these population collapses. However, it has recently been proposed that the overabundance of this species before its decline would be related to infectious disease outbreaks. In the current study, we aimed to determine the circulation (occurrence and exposure) of viruses relevant to swine health in CP and WLP populations, namely classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), and porcine circoviruses (PCV). The study was conducted in two areas of the northeastern Peruvian Amazon: the Yavarí-Mirín River basin (2008 -2020), where WLPs experienced extreme population fluctuations, and the Pucacuro National Reserve (2012-2014), where no WLP disappearances have been reported. Since WLP is not easily found during population declines, we also sampled CP as an indicator of virus circulation in the area as they are likely to be susceptible to the same pathogens. CSFV and ADV antibodies were detected in both peccary species and both areas. Diseases caused by CSFV and ADV have the potential to act as ultimate causes of population collapse, especially in large WLP populations where overabundance could increase the rate of pathogen transmission. Our results were inconclusive in establishing whether or not these viruses drove the WLP population to collapse, but their potential role warrants deeper investigation, expanding the geographical coverage of studies on infectious diseases in peccaries.

ABUSE AUTHORITY BY THE VILLAGE HEAD REGARDING LAND CASH VILLAGE FROM PERSPECTIVE LAW ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENT

From the perspective of government administrative law, the protection of Village Treasury Land due to the village head's negligence is a serious violation of law. Village treasury land is a village asset that must be managed well to improve the welfare of village communities and increase village income. However, village treasury land is often converted and sold unilaterally for personal purposes, such as building a residence or housing built on village treasury land. This is a violation of government administrative law because the management of village treasury land is part of public law, which discusses government power in general and village government in particular. The Village Head, as the holder of management power, must manage the Village Treasury Land based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 01 of 2016 concerning Village Asset Management. In managing Village Treasury Land, the Village Head must coordinate with the Village Consultative Body (BPD) to improve the welfare of the Village community and increase Village income. Therefore, the protection of Village Treasury Land due to the Village Head's negligence is a violation of government administrative law that must be followed up.

Potential Development of Cavendish Banana as a New Leading Commodity in South Sulawesi

South Sulawesi Province has great potential in developing superior horticultural commodities, especially the Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata). This study aims to analyze the potential and opportunities for the development of Cavendish banana farming as a new superior commodity in South Sulawesi and assess its economic feasibility. With the large amount of fertile land that has not been optimized, the Cavendish banana can be a significant source of income for local communities while supporting the improvement of regional competitiveness. The analysis results show that Cavendish banana farming provides promising financial returns with productivity reaching 80,000 kg per hectare per year and an average selling price of IDR 4,500 per kilogram. Based on the financial feasibility analysis, the NPV value of IDR 499.48 million, IRR of 211.82%, and payback period of 0.5 years were obtained. In addition, the Cavendish banana also has the potential for product diversification and environmental benefits that support sustainability. This study recommends optimal resource management and collaboration between the government, private sector, and farmers to maximize the potential of this commodity as a regional economic driver.

IbM Inovasi Pengolahan Balakka - Produk Unggulan Desa Padang Garugur di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara

Padang Garugur Village in North Padang Lawas Regency has significant economicpotential in agriculture and plantations, especially in processing balakka fruit. However,the problems faced include limited infrastructure, lack of product innovation, and lowcommunity skills in processing and marketing. To overcome this, communityempowerment is needed through training and mentoring that focuses on productinnovation, skills development, and digital marketing. The results of this activity show thatthe development of new products such as Balakka Coffee and Manisan Balakka is able toincrease competitiveness and community income. The implementation of effectivemarketing strategies through social media and digital platforms has successfully expandedmarket reach. In conclusion, innovation and community capacity building can improve thewelfare and economic growth of the village. With a systematic and collaborativeempowerment approach, Padang Garugur Village can become a model of sustainable localwisdom-based community empowerment