History Of Community Research Articles

Kroniki parafialne jako źródło do badań społeczności lokalnych na obszarze Galicji

Parish chronicles as a source for researching local communities in Galicia Parish chronicles are extremely significant and interesting source materials for examining the history of local communities in former Galicia. The author presents the requirements parish chronicles had to meet in the Galicia period as well as discussing their usual content, referring to examples from various chronicles.

Microbial community history and leaf species shape bottom-up effects in a freshwater shredding amphipod

Arable land use and the associated application of agrochemicals can affect local freshwater communities with consequences for the entire ecosystem. For instance, the structure and function of leaf-associated microbial communities can be affected by pesticides, such as fungicides. Additionally, the leaf species on which these microbial communities grow reflects another environmental filter for community structure. These factors and their interaction may jointly modify leaves' nutritional quality for higher trophic levels. To test this assumption, we studied the structure of leaf-associated microbial communities with distinct exposure histories (pristine [P] vs vineyard run off [V]) colonising two leaf species (black alder, European beech, and a mixture thereof). By offering these differently colonised leaves as food to males and females of the leaf-shredding amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) we assessed for potential bottom-up effects. The growth rate, feeding rate, faeces production and neutral lipid fatty acid profile of the amphipod served as response variable in a 2 × 3 × 2-factorial test design over 21d. A clear separation of community history (P vs V), leaf species and an interaction between the two factors was observed for the leaf-associated aquatic hyphomycete (i.e., fungal) community. Sensitive fungal species were reduced by up to 70 % in the V- compared to P-community. Gammarus' growth rate, feeding rate and faeces production were affected by the factor leaf species. Growth was negatively affected when Gammarus were fed with beech leaves only, whereas the impact of alder and the mixture of both leaf species was sex-specific. Overall, this study highlights that leaf species identity had a more substantial impact on gammarids relative to the microbial community itself. Furthermore, the sex-specificity of the observed effects (excluding fatty acid profile, which was only measured for male) questions the procedure of earlier studies, that is using either only one sex or not being able to differentiate between males and females. However, these results need additional verification to support a reliable extrapolation.

Gut microbial signatures are associated with Lynch syndrome (LS) and cancer history in Druze communities in Israel

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by autosomal dominant mutations, with high probability of early onset for several cancers, mainly colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome was shown to be influenced by host genetics and to be altered during cancer development. Therefore, we aimed to determine alterations in gut microbiome compositions of LS patients with and without cancer. We performed fecal microbiome analyses on samples of LS and non-LS members from the Druze ethnoreligious community in Israel, based on both their LS mutation and their cancer history. Our analysis revealed specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) overrepresented in LS individuals as well as bacterial OTUs differentiating between the LS individuals with a history of cancer. The identified OTUs align with previous studies either correlating them to pro-inflammatory functions, which can predispose to cancer, or to the cancer itself, and as such, these bacteria can be considered as future therapeutic targets.

Necessary conjunctions: Hawkspur Camp and the transdisciplinary roots of therapeutic community

PurposeThis paper aims to tell something of the story of the “Hawkspur Experiment” (1936–1941), a therapeutic camp organised early in the modern history of therapeutic community as an intervention into the lives of young men who were viewed to be at risk of delinquency (Wills, 1967). Although it was to have a remarkable influence on group and therapeutic community practice and theory, the authors argue that its influence is not as well-remembered nor incorporated into contemporary therapeutic understanding and discussion as it should be.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a historical reflection based on systematic examination of the clinical and administrative records of Hawkspur Camp for men, and supporting documents held in the Planned Environment Therapy Archive. In addition, the authors use published primary and secondary sources.FindingsHawkspur Camp was a cross-disciplinary enterprise which brought together psychoanalytic thinking, social work, an interest in groups, political activism, a concern with the dynamics and working of democracy and the application of emergent social science methods. It was overtly an intervention into the criminal justice system but was also an intentional exploration of the therapeutic benefits of community living and of a “pioneering” lifestyle; a rigorous experiment in how psychoanalytic ideas might be used in group residential settings; and a politically grounded exploration of participative democracy as a fundamental therapeutic principle.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents the first findings from a systematic study of the records of Hawkspur Camp.

Be Well™ Acres Homes: a community-driven, evidence-based approach to reduce health inequities through sustained cross-sector partnership

PurposeBe Well Communities™ is MD Anderson’s signature place-based approach for cancer prevention and control, working with communities to promote wellness and address modifiable risk factors for cancer. The purpose of this paper is to describe implementation of the planning phase of the Be Well Communities model in Acres Homes which began in 2019.MethodsA community advisory group (Steering Committee) including residents, non-profit organizations, health care partners, city and county agencies, plus other stakeholders, was convened and aligned through a structured process to develop shared goals, foster multisector collaboration, as measured by a stakeholder survey administered twice, and enhance community capacity to improve health outcomes through development of a Community Action Plan.ResultsClear, achievable goals were developed, multisector collaboration was enhanced, and more than 400 h of capacity building support led to a Community Action Plan initially focused on healthy eating and active living, including 15 evidence-based interventions led by 18 organizations. The majority (93%) of the Steering Committee reports that this plan reflects community priorities and will reach the residents most in need.ConclusionBy listening and developing trust, the Be Well Communities team successfully worked with Acres Homes residents and organizations to enhance community capacity to address health inequities in one of Houston’s most diverse and historic communities.

Constructing multiculturalism and national identity in Penang, Malaysia

This study focuses on examining how multiculturalism is constructed in public spaces in Penang, Malaysia. In doing so, we argue for the significance of murals in constructing multiculturalism symbolically. Data consist of 10 photos of murals displayed during the 2020 Penang International Container Art Festival in both urban and rural areas in Penang, a state with a long history of multiethnic communities living together. The analysis shows that multiculturalism is portrayed according to specific themes – occupation, living culture, and imagination – which are marshalled to create a sense of identity and belonging. Such sense is deeply imbricated in the making process of Penang’s national identity in which a series of compromises and accommodations is much needed to achieve the vision of multiculturalism. The findings contribute to the current discussion of finding a balance between studies related to urban- and ruralscapes and offer a creative sociolinguistic perspective on understanding multiculturalism.

Urban Policy Supporting Cultural Adequacy in Nang Loeng, Bangkok

This research examines how Bangkok’s planning policy supports cultural adequacy in Nang Loeng, an historic community in Bangkok that is trying to utilise its cultural heritage to achieve housing security in the face of planned developments, such as the building of a new urban rail (MRT) station. The research, through the analyses of the Bangkok Comprehensive Plan (B.E. 2019) and the master plan for the conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin (Update B.E. 2020), site visits, cultural mapping, and in-depth interviews, uses the framework of cultural adequacy to examine how the current plans and policies consider the cultural heritage of the area and highlight opportunities for enhancing cultural adequacy in the neighbourhood. This research has found that improvements can be made in terms of supporting and valorizing the intangible cultural heritage of Nang Loeng; this cultural heritage was not captured in the development of current plans. Suggestions include comprehensive planning that relies on increased collaboration with area residents and cultural institutions, and the creation of a database for documenting the neighborhood’s intangible heritage.

Persistensi Sistem Nilai Dalihan Na Tolu dalam Ruang Rumah Tinggal Masyarakat Batak Perantauan di Yogyakarta

Title: The Persistence of the Value System of Dalihan Na Tolu within Residential Spaces of the Overseas Batak Communities in Yogyakarta The research begins with a community entity moving from old to new residential space. This study focuses on the overseas Batak community who migrated with the urge to achieve hagabeon, hamoraon, and hasangapon. Yogyakarta has become one of the destinations for the migration of the overseas Batak community. The study aims to discover how the Dalihan Na Tolu value system is reflected in the architectural patterns of the Batak community's homes in Yogyakarta. The data sources included physical evidence found in residential homes, reconstructed spatial arrangements based on observations and interviews with individuals who have been displaced from their homeland (specifically Tapanuli, North Sumatra), as well as notes and writings about the history, social, and cultural conditions of the Batak community in Yogyakarta. The gamma map technique was used to analyze the spatial depth level and position of the three functional groups in Dalihan Na Tolu. The principle of Dalihan Na Tolu persists through spatial adaptation, placing hula-hula positions in areas with high connectivity and away from circulation pathways. The persistence of the Dalihan Na Tolu value system is an attitude of respect for hula-hula.

Communal Geographies: An Introduction

This paper introduces a special section comprising eight papers that delve into complex geographies of communal identities in modern South Asia. It situates these papers at a significant intersection of spatial histories and historical geographies of the region, with a focus on exploring the intricate relationship between community and religious identity on the one hand, and space and scale on the other. We take a broad view of communal geographies, reconsidering spatiality through community histories that encompass diverse contexts such as local mohallas and national statistics, rural and urban settings, and secular and religious spaces. It illustrates how religious communities have mapped their identities onto everyday arenas like borders, gurdwaras, homes, markets, mosques, shops, streets and temples. Drawing from various disciplinary and theoretical perspectives and employing methodologies ranging from archival research to oral history and ethnography, this special section expands our understanding of how social practices and religious interactions leave their footprints on geography.

Mrs Ann Errington of Sacriston: the political biography of a Durham miner's wife between the wars

ABSTRACT The place of women in the history of UK coalfield communities remains under-researched. This paper addresses this lacuna through an examination of the life of County Durham miner's wife, Annie Errington, who emerged as an important political leader in her community in the interwar period. Situating her life story in the context of her community, characterised by strong cooperative and socialist values, the paper assembles her political biography from fragmented sources. It identifies her key role in local government, her visit to Soviet Russia in 1926 and as a leader of a mass movement of miners’ wives in interwar Britain. While avowedly a miner's wife, Annie Errington emerges as an important political leader, albeit her role was limited by prevailing orthodoxies about gender relations, some of which she endorsed herself. The paper contributes to the feminist historiography of mining communities, which has largely overlooked—and at times denied—the extent of political activism of women in this period.

Increasing Access to American Indian Off-Reservation Boarding School Archives

The Sherman Indian Museum’s rich collection documents the student experience, institutional culture, and community history of one of the oldest off-reservation American Indian boarding schools in the United States still in operation. Efforts to better understand the complex and layered history of these schools are regularly confronted with limited and scattered histories where significant gaps in the narrative exist. This paper details the cross-institutional collaboration to process and digitize the museum’s collection for increased accessibility, focusing on the partnership formed between an Indigenous and non-Indigenous institution and the steps taken to create one of the premier online digital collections documenting the boarding school experience.

Utilizing Dalit Autobiographies in History

In the academic field, debates in the discipline of history largely contest whether the people whose narratives are absent in the dominant archives of knowledge, including Dalits, can be considered as devoid of history. Such contestations raise queries about the ways in which these groups form a sense of their past. In this light, can we consider cultural forms of narrative as reliable and ‘valid’ means to form an understanding of past, and to what extent? Can the cultural narrative forms, particularly autobiographical accounts, be utilized to reflect on the past of these communities? What methodologies does such an approach demand, and what challenges does it pose? This paper shall grapple with these intriguing inquiries. It attempts to position Dalit autobiographies and their utility in locating the sense of their past and in the larger knowledge production. This paper fundamentally proposes that Dalit autobiographies can lend crucial insights into the history of Dalit communities and beyond. These autobiographies can provide a perspective ‘from below’ and contribute to understanding how Dalits made sense of their past into narratives. I argue that Dalit articulation of their life experiences in the form of autobiographies not only rupture the assumptions of a singular past but also foregrounds the multiplicities and specificities to their everyday experiences.

Creating Educational Digital Artefacts Collaboratively in a Virtual Reality Environment

This paper discusses the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies in education and the collaborative creation of educational digital artifacts in a virtual reality environment. The paper presents a case study of students who collaborated creating digital artifacts in a VR environment. The artifacts were designed with the purpose of presenting the history of a local community. The study analyzed the interactions between learners, the effectiveness of the VR environment in facilitating collaboration, and the impact of the VR environment on learning outcomes. The study concludes that creating educational digital artifacts collaboratively in a virtual reality environment can lead to improved student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes.

Dreams of Mud and Concrete: Dissonant Memory Landscapes and the Struggle over Infrastructure Development in Los Platanitos, Dominican Republic

Memory-based storytelling may contribute to co-productive planning approaches based on endogenous epistemologies and ways of being. Specifically, ambivalent memory performances, emerging from the embodied and emplaced memory of the speaker, reveal contested community histories, serve as a source of critical learning, and foster diverse forms of claims-making. By drawing on the case of a stormwater development project in the informal settlement of Los Platanitos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, this article considers the production of dissonant memory landscapes through ambivalent testimonies of community histories, illuminating the implications of such memory work for storytelling in community-based planning practice.

Этническое происхождение и идентичность поморов: подходы, результаты, выводы

The study is aimed at examining the intermediate results of the consideration of the problem of ethnogenesis and ethno-cultural identity of the Pomors in the domestic science of the XVIII – early XXI centuries. The re-search methodology is based on the principles of systemacity and historicism and includes methods of biblio-graphic analysis and systematization of information, problem-chronological method, comparative-historical method. Two opposing models of Pomor genesis and identity are characterized, one of which is based on con-structivism, the other on a moderate situativist approach and traditional conceptual apparatus. It is shown that the consequence of different interpretations of the results of scientific research was the identification of two opposite models of the genesis and identity of the Pomors, one of which methodologically relies on constructiv-ism with an external appeal to Paleoeuropean and Finno-Ugric cultural and genetic primordialism, the other – on a moderate (taking into account the primordialist principles) situationist approach and traditional conceptual and conceptual apparatus. Within the framework of the developments of the second model, it is proved that the process of formation of the Pomeranian community took not only the period of the mature and late Middle Ag-es, but also of Modern times and consisted of several local “genetic infusions” into the Slavic environment while preserving the cultural and linguistic components of the latter. Based on the analysis and understanding of the existing bibliography array, a number of conclusions and recommendations are made, the consideration of which is intended to ensure the scientific productivity of further research on the topic. These include the need to abandon the use of the concept of “protopomora” and statements about the stable genetic antiquity and ge-netic unity of the Pomors, the expediency of chronotypic localization of the concept of “Pomorie”, the unscien-tific use of the White Sea dialects, the pidgin “Russenorsk” and the history of Bespop communities of the Pomor as ethnic markers, the correctness of considering the Pomors as primarily a socio-economic group, the rele-vance of the application of the primordial conceptual apparatus in cultural terms, relying on the Russian lan-guage basis, etc.

The Integration Between Syara’ and Ade’ in Marriage Tradition Bugis Bone, South Sulawesi

This study seeks to examine the incorporation of Islamic and customary law into the marriage customs of the Bugis Bone community in South Sulawesi. This research is an empirical legal study employing a legal history and legal sociology methodology. The data for this study was generated from studies of relevant literature and in-depth interviews. This study suggests that syara' and ade' are integrated in the Bugis marital tradition, as evidenced by sompa or dowry, tudang penni, mappacci and mabbarazanji, mappanre tame, and assitulung-tulungan or ma'jama (helpng each other or work collaboratively). If you are referring to the study of Islamic law, then this tradition is part of al-urf, which does not contradict the Qur'an, Sunnah, or good practices, and can be adopted because it provides benefits and advantages. The diverse marriage rituals practiced by the Bugis Bone group are the consequence of the fusion of Islamic and customary law that has occurred throughout the course of the community's history. Because Islamic law, being the most essential component of Islamic teachings, cannot be divorced from society's norms, which have become living law. This fact also constitutes a scientific argument that refutes the receptie theory advanced by earlier experts. From the perspective of Islamic law, the marriage tradition of the Bugis Bone group revealed a harmonious combination of Islamic and customary law. Similarly, sociologically, this integration is able to create rules that control and help achieve harmony and mutual benefit.

Can U.S. planned communities become diverse? The case of industry-leading master-planned communities in five metro areas

ABSTRACT The history of master-planned community (MPC) development is inseparable from the history of race- and class-based discrimination and segregation in the United States. This paper investigates the place of exclusion and inclusion in planned community development practice. We undertook qualitative and quantitative analyses of the MPC development practice from the 1990s to the present. Through archival analysis and interviews, we demonstrate that, beginning in the early 2000s, MPC developers started to embrace diversity for financial success. We further confirm this trend by quantitatively analyzing U.S. Census Bureau data. We find that MPCs built since 2000 are racially and ethnically more diverse than their predecessors, with greater emphasis on middle-income households. Based on these findings, we carefully posit that American MPCs are moving toward greater diversity, a clear departure from their history of exclusion. We conclude with policy implications for various levels of the government to take advantage of this trend.

Dialect Diversity in Modern English Literature: A Study of "Shuggie Bain" and "There There"

This research explores dialect diversity in contemporary English literature through a comparative analysis of two seminal works, Shuggie Bain by Douglas Stuart and There There by Tommy Orange. The purpose of this study is to unravel the nuanced ways in which authors employ dialects to convey unique cultural and socio-economic contexts, contributing to the broader discourse on linguistic diversity in literature. Using a qualitative research approach, the researcher closely examines the stylistic choices made by the authors, mapping out the dialectical variations present in the narratives and their significance. Through a detailed linguistic analysis, recurring patterns and variations in both novels are identified, shedding light on the role of dialect in character development, setting, and narrative voice. The findings reveal that dialect diversity serves as a powerful tool in characterizing the struggles, identities, and histories of multifarious communities. Additionally, it highlights how these authors challenge conventional literary norms, enriching the reader's experience with authentic voices and perspectives. This study underscores the pivotal role of dialect diversity in contemporary English literature, emphasizing its potential to bridge gaps and foster empathy among readers while amplifying underrepresented voices in the literary canon.

THE ROLE OF PROSODY IN EXPRESSING NATIONAL IDENTITY OF CANADIANS

The present investigation is dedicated to the problem of expressing national identity of Canadians by means of prosody — one of the brightest identifies of national speaker’s belonging in oral speech. Social and personal prosodic variation of Canadians’ English speech is in the focus of the investigation. Appeal to Canadian prosodic system can be explained by inadequate study of this variant of English and its prosodic features which can serve as markers of national identity of a speakers. The concept national identity is multiaspectual by its structure and is considered as multilevel system which includes ethnic, cultural, religions belonging as well as historical community of the territory. Language plays the leading role, it units members of the community into nation and provides it with those linguistic features, which consolidate the members, of one community and differentiates from the others. Investigation of prosodic characteristic of Canadian variant of English speakers of Alberta province in the present paper is conducted with the aim of revealing and describing a set of melodic and frequency characteristics, which can serve as markers of Canadians national identity. Canada is a county which language system has a bilingual character, its language is under the influence of British and American variants of English, considerable variation of language forms is connected with a great flow of immigrants to the country. All these factors resulted in the formation of Canadian English, which has its own individual prosodic system. Revealed in the process of complex auditory and computer analysis melodic and frequency characteristic allow to state the existence of definite features of Canadian prosodic system which can be markers of national identity. They are — high-pitched level of frequency tonetic realizations and frequent use of Rising, Rising Falling and Level terminal tones in speech.

Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities.

Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change.