Economic Conditions Of Community Research Articles

The Energy Boom: Boon or Bane for Local Philanthropy?

ObjectiveThis article explores the complex relationships between the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy. This study aims to find direct effects of the energy boom and indirect effects of multiple mediators—community economic conditions, population change, racial diversity, and income inequality—on local philanthropy.MethodsDrawing upon data from U.S. counties, a series of mediation analyses are tested by following Baron and Kenney's (1986, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6):1173) causal‐steps procedures.ResultsThe energy boom always has negative direct effects on local philanthropy. Although indirect effects of mediators are not always significant, total effects, as the sum of direct and indirect effects, reveal that income, population growth, and racial diversity positively mediate negative effects of the energy boom on local philanthropy. The energy boom increases levels of income inequality; however, increased income inequality paradoxically is positively associated with local philanthropy.ConclusionThe relationship among the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy is complex. Although direct effects of the energy boom are negative, key findings of positive indirect effects suggest implications for policymakers, nonprofit practitioners, and community leaders when dealing with grand societal challenges caused by natural resource development at the community level.

Use of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale to assess food security status in Ireland, 2014–17: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundFood poverty became an issue for many families in Ireland after the economic crash in 2007–08. This country started recovering from the crisis after 2009, and Ireland was ranked among the countries best able to feed their population. Even though economic recovery has begun in Ireland, it will take time for it to reach all families. We aimed to assess individuals' food security status and to determine the major drivers of food security in Ireland MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, data from the Gallup World Poll were analysed (2000 respondents in 2014, and 1000 respondents each in 2015, 2016, and 2017) to assess changes in food security status from 2014 to 2017. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was used as the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors and health-related and country-related indices were used as the principal independent variables. Descriptive analyses, and unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression, were carried out. FindingsFood security status improved from 2014 to 2017 (773 respondents [77·6%] were food secure in 2014; 812 [81·8%] in 2015, 875 [87·5%] in 2016, 894 [89·7%] in 2017). The results of the unadjusted binary logistic regression indicated that there was no significant association between sex and food security status. However, in comparison to food secure individuals, the probability of being food insecure increased among young people aged 13–25 years (odds ratio 1·9, 95% CI 1·3–2·6), people who got divorced, were separated, or were widowed (1·6, 1·2–2·1), and people with low education (1·7, 1·2–2·3), who were unemployed (3·7, 2·7–5·2), living in the poorest 20% per capita income quintiles (7·3, 5·1–10·2), had a poor financial life index (20·9, 14·4–30·3), a poor local job index (2·3, 1·9–2·7), or poor personal health (5·1, 4·1–6·4). Findings from the adjusted model indicated that a poor financial life index was strongly associated with food insecurity (16·1, 10·7–24·4). InterpretationA very strong association was observed between food security status and financial life index. This index measures both personal and community economic conditions. FundingNone.

Multidimensional Measures of Poverty: The Potential Contribution of Non‐Profit Food Pantry Data to Assess Community Economic Condition

To address the negative consequences of economic hardship, U.S. policymakers and practitioners rely on the official poverty rate in making decisions. Yet does it truly reflect economic condition, especially hardship? In line with an international movement to shift away from income and poverty lines and toward multidimensional measures including material deprivation, would information from community‐based non‐profits such as food pantries, often the first stop for people in need, provide a better understanding of local economic condition? This article presents original data on dramatic growth in demand at community‐level food pantries across North Carolina since the 1990s, and reflects on the resulting different perspective on economic condition. A call for additional research on the use of measures of material deprivation that include the non‐profit sector to reflect economic conditions in the United States is made.

EVALUASI DAMPAK ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN KE NON PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI KOTA SEMARANG

Population growth and Semarang’s development which outspread into urban area cause increasing of land requirement in urban area. Gunungpati District, one of urban areas around Semarang, becomes the area of Semarang’s development. How the land conversion in Gunungpati District occurs is because city development outspreads into urban area as well assupported by some facilities such as education and settlements. Hence, many agricultural lands convert for nonagricultural activity in Gunungpati District. Land conversion, mainly agricultural land conversion, causes the change of social and economic condition as well as the change of livelihood or employment of population. The purposes of this research are to discover the impact of land conversion from agricultural land into developed land, to know the change of social and economic condition of community, and also to know the available employment opportunity after land conversion occurs in Gunungpati. The research approach used is qualitative approach and method used is matrix Leopold. Designed to determine the impact on the region's natural environment. So that can know the value impact of the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural in District Gunungpati Semarang. The result of this research shows that agricultural land conversion into developed land in Gunungpati District has positive effect towards social and economic condition of society and has negative effect towards natural environment surround. According to Leopold matrix, the positive effects has values 25 are good value shown by improving quality of life and increasing the varieties of livelihood or employment, whereas the negative effects has values -13 are bad value shown by decreasing the amount of agricultural land and damaging the sanitation or water infiltration in Gunungpati District. The agricultural land conversion is suggested to divert less productive agricultural land so that it would not damage ecological function of Gunungpati District as infiltration water area.

Hard times in the land of plenty: The effect on income and disability later in life for people born during the great depression

We use 20th-century data to examine how community economic conditions at the time of birth influenced various measures of socioeconomic success as adults. Our analysis focuses on the worst downturn ever experienced in the United States: the Great Depression. We merge individual information reported by respondents in the U.S. Censuses of 1970 and 1980 with information on state per capita income during the individual's year of birth in their state of birth. Results indicate that the effect of state income per capita in the birth year on income and disability later in life varies with changes in income levels. Individuals born in the trough of the Depression in low-income states had substantially lower incomes and higher work disability rates later in life than workers born in those states in the peak year of 1929. However, the effect of being born during the trough of the Depression in states with higher incomes during the first half of the 20th century was much weaker on income and disability later in life.

How Has the Economic Downturn Affected Communities and Implementation of Science-Based Prevention in the Randomized Trial of Communities That Care?

This study examined implications of the economic downturn that began in December 2007 for the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system. The downturn had the potential to affect the internal validity of the CYDS research design and implementation of science-based prevention in study communities. We used archival economic indicators and community key leader reports of economic conditions to assess the extent of the economic downturn in CYDS communities and potential internal validity threats. We also examined whether stronger economic downturn effects were associated with a decline in science-based prevention implementation. Economic indicators suggested the downturn affected CYDS communities to different degrees. We found no evidence of systematic differences in downturn effects in CTC compared to control communities that would threaten internal validity of the randomized trial. The Community Economic Problems scale was a reliable measure of community economic conditions, and it showed criterion validity in relation to several objective economic indicators. CTC coalitions continued to implement science-based prevention to a significantly greater degree than control coalitions 2years after the downturn began. However, CTC implementation levels declined to some extent as unemployment, the percentage of students qualifying for free lunch, and community economic problems worsened. Control coalition implementation levels were not related to economic conditions before or after the downturn, but mean implementation levels of science-based prevention were also relatively low in both periods.

Determinants and Consequences of Child Culture Brokering in Families from the Former Soviet Union

Child culture brokering occurs when immigrant children help their families navigate the new culture and language. The present study develops a model of the child culture broker role that situates it within the family and community economic and acculturative contexts of 328 families from the former Soviet Union. Path analysis was utilized to explore the relationships of community and family economic and cultural contexts with child culture brokering, child emotional distress, and family disagreements. All children reported some culture brokering for their parents. Less English proficient parents with lower status jobs, and living in areas with more Russian speaking families tended to utilize their children as brokers more often. Further, community economic conditions also predicted brokering indirectly, mediated by parent job social status. Brokering was related to child emotional distress and family disagreements. Further, culture brokering was a mediator of the impact of parent job social status on both child emotional distress and family disagreements. These results add to our understanding of the culture broker role and emphasize the utility of approaching research on it from an ecological perspective.

Here to Stay—The Effects of Community Satisfaction on the Decision to Stay

Why do some people stay in locations while others move? While most research has examined the factors which encourage people to move to new locations, we focus our research on the effects of satisfaction with individuals' current location on the decision to stay. To do so, we examine the relative effects of three kinds of factors: (1) satisfaction with community or place-based factors such as aesthetic appeal, outdoor space and recreational amenities, artistic and cultural amenities, the ability to meet people and make friends; (2) community economic conditions; and (3) individual-level demographic factors such as income, human capital, and age. Our findings indicate that place-based factors, in particular the beauty and physical appeal of the current location and the ability to meet people and make friends, explain more of the desire to stay than do community economic conditions or individual demographic characteristics. J'y suis, j'y reste—Effet de la satisfaction au niveau de la communauté sur la décision de rester Résumé Pourquoi certaines personnes restent-elles au même endroit, alors que d'autres se déplacent? Tandis que la plupart des travaux de recherche se sont penchés sur les facteurs encourageant les gens à changer d'endroit, nous nous concentrons sur les effets du degré de satisfaction des particuliers avec l'endroit où ils résident sur leur décision de rester. Pour ceci, nous examinons les effets relatifs de trois types de facteurs: (1) la satisfaction avec la communauté ou avec des facteurs propres à l'endroit, par exemple l'esthétique du lieu, les espaces au grand air et les aménagements de loisirs, artistiques et culturels, la capacité de rencontrer des gens, de nouer des liens d'amitié; (2) des conditions économiques propres à la communauté; et (3) des facteurs démographiques au niveau personnel: revenus, capital humain, âge, entre autres. Nos conclusions indiquent que des facteurs basés sur les lieux, notamment la beauté et l'attrait physique du lieu, et la capacité de rencontrer des gens et de nouer des liens d'amitié, expliquent le désir de rester sur place plutôt que des conditions économiques propres à la communauté ou des facteurs démographiques. La decisión de afincarse—Los efectos de la satisfacción de la comunidad sobre la decisión de afincarse Résumén ¿Por qué algunas personas se afincan en un lugar mientras que otras se mudan? Aunque en la mayoría de los estudios se han analizado los factores que motivan a las personas a mudarse a otros lugares, centramos nuestro estudio en los efectos de la satisfacción con el lugar actual del individuo sobre su decisión de afincarse. Para hacer esto, analizamos los efectos relativos de tres tipos de factores: (1) la satisfacción con la comunidad o factores basados en el lugar por ejemplo, la estética del lugar, el espacio exterior y los servicios recreativos, las prestaciones a artísticas y culturales, la posibilidad de reunirse con la gente y hacer amigos; (2) las condiciones económicas de la comunidad; y (3) los factores demográficos a nivel individual, por ejemplo, los ingresos, el capital humano y la edad. Nuestras conclusiones indican que los factores basados en el lugar, en especial la belleza y el aspecto físico del lugar actual y la posibilidad de reunirse con gente y hacer amigos, explican mejor el deseo de afincarse que las condiciones económicas de la comunidad o las características demográficas individuales.

Ethnic Variations in Perceptions of Men's Provider Role

Relatively little research has examined current perceptions of men's provider role in light of widespread support for women's employment. This study examined attitudes toward provider role enactment and provider role responsibility and how such views varied by ethnicity, gender, demographic characteristics, immigration status, acculturation, and community economic conditions. Telephone interviews were conducted with 3,213 residents across 21 cities. The sample was 40% African American, 7% Mexican American, and 53% White. Though there was strong support for dual provider role enactment by female and male respondents, beliefs about men's responsibility for family provision displayed greater variability. Ethnic minorities, particularly less acculturated Mexican immigrants, were more likely than Whites to believe that men were responsible for making economic provisions. Favorable economic conditions for men were associated with a greater emphasis on male provider responsibilities among Mexican Americans and Whites, whereas the opposite was true for Blacks. Overall, the findings suggest that one's position in the socioeconomic structure and the economic potential for men in one's environment help shape these attitudes.