Cultural Heritage Community Research Articles

From web 1.0 to web 4.0: the digital heritage platforms for UNESCO’s heritage properties in Indonesia

<p>The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had and is having a major impact on Indonesian cultural resource management, and on the safeguarding methods of its tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Despite varied levels and visible gaps between rural and urban regions in terms of technology usage, innovative initiatives have been created, which correspond to the needs and expectations of a technology-savvy public. As a starting point, a number of public institutions dealing with tangible cultural heritage (e.g. museums, palaces, temples, World Heritage Sites (WHS)) do use innovative digital tools in order to communicate to various audiences, as well as to enrich visitors’ experience, especially taking into consideration young generations. This paper will firstly examine the role of ICTs in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) (e.g. Batik, Wayang puppet theatre, etc.); secondly, the authors will explain how ICTs can help to communicate and promote the values, history, and significances of ICH products, both for locals and tourists, with the goal of raising awareness on cultural identity. However, the knowledge of ICH still requires contacts with its own communities and is vulnerable, as it can be exposed to excessive cultural commoditization through e-platforms. This study aims at giving an overview and some examples of digital interventions for cultural heritage communication implemented by various stakeholders in Indonesia. In addition, this paper analyses to what extent a participatory approach engaging local communities, academics, private sectors, NGOs and the government, can ensure higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency, hence supporting the conservation of UNESCO tangible/ICH in Indonesia. This paper aims at: (1) presenting the development of digital heritage platforms in Indonesia; (2) providing a grid of analysis of digital heritage knowledge platforms dedicated to UNESCO tangible and ICH in forms of websites and mobile apps.</p><p>Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>Providing a map of the online presence of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHSs) in Indonesia by analysing 180 webpages in English and Indonesian languages.</p></li><li><p>Identifying several types of digital heritage websites in Indonesia based on the set of categories.</p></li><li><p>Classifying a map of 312 mobile apps dealing with UNESCO WHSs and Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in Indonesia, which were retrieved from Android and iOS platforms.</p></li></ul>

Periphery within One Language: Challenges of Dialect Fairy Tales Translation into Standard Slovak

The present study focuses on the challenges of the intralingual translation from the peripheral dialect into official, standard Slovak that has been performed on unique Šariš region dialect fairy tales preserved in the village Fintice. They have been published recently in a bilingual form with their Slovak translation Zazračni dzvonček — Zázračný zvonček (FACE 2018). The first part of the paper points out the peripheral aspects of the analysed text and stresses the importance of presenting such forgotten literary pieces for the community identity as well as for preserving community cultural heritage. The second part of the paper focuses on translation analysis and differences between the two texts on morpho-syntactic and lexical level, and in the degree of expressiveness.

Towards Automated Digital Preservation through Preservation Action Registries

Since the 1960s, digital preservation has transformed from a secondary activity at a select few cultural heritage organizations to a vital international effort with its own best practices, standards, and community. This keynote presentation and paper presents an overview of the changing scope of digital preservation, issues, and strategies for digital preservation in the cultural heritage community.

The Ever-Changing Work That is Digital Preservation

Since the 1960s, digital preservation has transformed from a secondary activity at a select few cultural heritage organizations to a vital international effort with its own best practices, standards, and community. This keynote presentation and paper presents an overview of the changing scope of digital preservation, issues, and strategies for digital preservation in the cultural heritage community.

Machine Learning and IIIF in the Reality Check of Daily Digitization Projects using the Example of the Goobi Community

Digital imaging, as an archival practice, is not a "solved problem" for the cultural heritage community. As Google, publishers, and other content providers digitize and deliver resources at scale, there is an increasingly pressing demand from users to digitize the rich resources in library special collections, archival institutions, and the vast array of invaluable content in private collections. This paper introduces a research and learning initiative (Dig4E-Digitization for Everybody) designed to bridge the knowledge gap that presently exists between well-established or emergent international standards derived from imaging science, on the one hand, and local practices for digital reformatting of archival resources. The paper describes the rationale for the education and training initiative and summarizes the intellectual structure and the technical platform of an innovative sequence of self-paced online resources that can be adapted for a variety of audiences.

The Effects of VR Environments on the Acceptance, Experience, and Expectations of Cultural Heritage Learning

This article attempts to understand how present Virtual Reality (VR) environments can contribute to enhancing the communication of cultural heritage by providing an experience of the past that is acceptable for the younger generation and how museums and cultural institutions should adopt and use such technologies. Aspects of acceptance, experience, and expectation of VR with the underlying values are not well understood but are important for the sustainability of the communication of cultural heritage as a bequest to future generations. We conducted a combined quantitative--qualitative study on the participants who have various prior experience with gaming and VR, and different levels of knowledge on the history presented within the virtual environment. This study investigates how participants accept and are stimulated in terms of personal experience and their expectations and ideas for the future of museums if VR is used for enhancing the learning of cultural heritage. Prior gaming and VR experience were investigated to see whether they do indeed influence the preference for using VR for learning cultural heritage. We demonstrated that particular age groups and background are especially agreeable to virtual reality as environments for learning and experiencing cultural heritage, regardless of their knowledge of the historical context of the virtually reconstructed site. Our findings also revealed important behaviours in our demographics group with regards to user preferred length of time and the believability of the virtual environment and how it influences aspects of their experience such as the exploration of the heritage site, familiarity, and meaning making. The study has implications for the use of VR for enhancing the experience of cultural heritage in museums and cultural institutions.

Collaborating communities revisited

Purpose: This article follows up “Collaborating communities: the RDA experience and its implications for common information environments”, published in 2007 in the proceedings of the 11th seminar on Archives, Libraries, Museums held in Poreč, Croatia. That paper was written before the publication of RDA: Resource Description and Access, the successor to the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR). The article outlines what has happened since, with a focus on the development of RDA in collaboration with related standards groups.Methodology/approach: This is a chronological review of the development of documents, which lead to the publication of RDA. Cooperation and harmonization of description of information objects among different concerned communities is also presented.Research limitations: The thorough review of RDA and related documents covers the period from 2008 to 2018.Originality/Practical implications: The strategic development of RDA is dependent on continuing collaboration with international communities, cultural heritage communities, and linked data communities. All of these communities have a strong interest in linked open data and the Semantic Web, and RDA has played a significant role in initiating and stimulating collaborative development of library and cultural heritage metadata in RDF format.

Ajaloolise puupaadikultuuri pärandiväärtusest Lahemaa paadiehituse ja viislaiu näitel / The heritage value of historical wooden boat culture on the example of Lahemaa boat construction and viislaid-type boat

Ajaloolise puupaadikultuuri pärandiväärtusest Lahemaa paadiehituse ja viislaiu näitel / The heritage value of historical wooden boat culture on the example of Lahemaa boat construction and viislaid-type boat

Total Recall: How Cultural Heritage Communities Use Digital Initiatives and Platforms for Collective Remembering

This article argues that digital heritage initiatives, where cultural heritage institutions offer more interactive possibilities with their digital collections through multimodal platforms and social media applications, provide new territory for memory scholars to explore how heritage communities collectively remember in the digital age. Through in-depth interviews and participant observations of practitioners and participants from three cultural heritage institutions, the findings show that digital heritage initiatives offer new circumstances and venues to observe, interpret, and research collective remembering, as well as illustrate how heritage communities can use these multimodal platforms as means for sharing collective remembrance.

DEVELOPING AFFORDABLE BATHYMETRIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES USING NON-CONVENTIONAL PAYLOAD FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE INSPECTIONS

Abstract. This paper focuses on the implementation of new techniques for bathymetric inspections. The scope is the exploitation of sensors, usually and commonly used for navigation, namely the altimeter and the Forward Looking Sonar (FLS), for identifying objects which are laying on the sea floor. In this particular framework, the low spatial resolution and coverage of these sensors have been enhanced through the application of classical computational geometry. The altimeter and the FLS are part of the most common underwater navigation systems, and they are vastly mounted on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. Although they are not designed for this kind of accurate measurements and for 3D spatial reconstruction, they are quite cost-effective if compared with standard multibeam acoustic systems. Developing a technique for exploiting such an affordable low cost and widely used sensor will empower the Cultural Heritage community of users, giving a feasible opportunity to perform effective archaeological campaigns also within small funded projects.

The Ocean Decade Heritage Network: Integrating Cultural Heritage Within the UN Decade of Ocean Science 2021\u20132030

The Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021–2030 is a UN initiative that promotes a common framework for supporting stakeholders in studying and assessing the health of the world’s oceans. The initiative also presents a vital opportunity to improve the integration of archaeology within the marine sciences. With the First Global Planning Meeting of the Decade held in Copenhagen at the National Museum of Denmark in May 2019, steps are already being taken to make the best of this opportunity, and the resulting creation of an Ocean Decade Heritage Network is proposed as a way forward to continue to raise awareness in the cultural heritage community about the Decade and to facilitate information sharing regarding this endeavour.

Aggregation of Linked Data in the Cultural Heritage Domain: A Case Study in the Europeana Network

Online cultural heritage resources are widely available through digital libraries maintained by numerous organizations. In order to improve discoverability in cultural heritage, the typical approach is metadata aggregation, a method where centralized efforts such as Europeana improve the discoverability by collecting resource metadata. The redefinition of the traditional data models for cultural heritage resources into data models based on semantic technology has been a major activity of the cultural heritage community. Yet, linked data may bring new innovation opportunities for cultural heritage metadata aggregation. We present the outcomes of a case study that we conducted within the Europeana cultural heritage network. In this study, the National Library of The Netherlands contributed by providing the role of data provider, while the Dutch Digital Heritage Network contributed as an intermediary aggregator that aggregates datasets and provides them to Europeana, the central aggregator. We identified and analyzed the requirements for an aggregation solution for the linked data, guided by current aggregation practices of the Europeana network. These requirements guided the definition of a workflow that fulfils the same functional requirements as the existing one. The workflow was put into practice within this study and has led to the development of software applications for administrating datasets, crawling the web of data, harvesting linked data, data analysis and data integration. We present our analysis of the study outcomes and analyze the effort necessary, in terms of technology adoption, to establish a linked data approach, from the point of view of both data providers and aggregators. We also present the expertise requirements we identified for cultural heritage data analysts, as well as determining which supporting tools were required to be designed specifically for semantic data.

Description of Cartographic Heritage in Europeana Data Model

Abstract. Europeana is a portal that provides access to millions of objects from all kinds of cultural heritage communities. It enables users to find digital cultural works made available by cultural institutions throughout the European Union. Currently, Europeana provides access to a collection of more than 50 million books, periodicals, video clips, maps, photographs and digital documents from libraries, archives, museums and audio-visual archives in Europe. To facilitate Europeana’s participation in the Semantic Web Europeana Data Model (EDM) has been developed. The idea of EDM is to constitute a framework for collecting, connecting and enriching metadata. It is a theoretical data model that allows data to be presented in different ways according to the practices of the various domains that contribute data to Europeana. EDM brings more meaningful links to Europe’s cultural heritage data. Data from partners or external information resources with references to persons, places, subjects, etc., will connect to other initiatives and institutions. This will result in sharing enriched content, adding to it and thereby generating more content in ways that no single provider could achieve alone.Presented research is the continuation of authors earlier study. In previous research, authors have proposed to integrate EDM structured information with geographic information system for movable heritage providing the semantic relations of movable heritage to the geographical space. This was a step into mixing GIS and Europeana world with the use of semantic contextualization for the object representations. Current research is the next step in this study and is going towards development of the new areas of EDM implementation – in cartographic heritage description.

Digital Archiving Technologies, Practices and Ethical Guidelines in Crowd-sourced and Community-based Efforts in Culturally Endangered Societies

The inclusion of citizens as part of the cultural heritage community is a recipe full of promise (with a pinch of peril). In an era in which technology allows for lay people with very little training to collect immense amounts of in-the-field data pertinent to cultural heritage archiving, it behooves institutions to actively encourage and mature such activation by enthusiastically instructing and guiding this large and varied segment of the community through best practices. Although using data from individuals with little to no working knowledge of the intricacies of digital preservation is not feasible, it is equally unreasonable to dismiss such a massive and equipped population as completely unworthy. The Arc/k Project's work in conjunction with citizens and communities across the globe demonstrates that a middle ground can achieve verifiable results with limited resources and in areas that are most in need of preservation.

Communities of Practice, Identity and Tourism: Evidence on Cultural Heritage Preservation in World Heritage Sites

A “community of practice” (CoP) is a mechanism of holding, transferring and creating knowledge, where practices and identities are developed in the frame of the socio-cultural dynamics of a community. Thus, CoP brings together concepts of history, identity, values, practice, and community. Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) communities are networks of people whose sense of identity and interconnectedness emerge from a shared historical and geographical relationship. This background is rooted in the practice and transmission of the ICH. The goal of this paper is to explore the interfaces amongst these two concepts: CoP and ICH, by identifying the correlations between identity and place attachment in ICH sites and the practices of their communities, such as the case of tourism. With two selected intangible cultural heritage communities in Spain and Vietnam, the paper particularly highlights the similarities of community processes albeit distinctive characteristics of different places and people.

Engaging Participative Communities in Cultural Heritage: Using Digital Storytelling in Sicily (Italy)

The paper describes the project #iziTRAVELSicilia which is using digital storytelling for engaging heritage communities. The objective of the project was to bridge the Sicilian gap in cultural heritage communication using a participatory approach with the local communities, in the framework defined by the Faro Convention. The paper evidences the digital storytelling role in engaging communities to promote their heritage, promoting new partnership with local cultural heritage institutions. The positive impact of digital storytelling in cultural heritage promotion in Sicily is evidenced by the quantitative results achieved and by the feedback collected by a survey.

EQUITABLE ADAPTATION PLANNING IN HISTORIC COASTAL CITIES: OBSERVATIONS FROM AN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

INTRODUCTION In communities all along the seaboard, we have large and challenging conversations ahead of us. Historic coastal cities must reconcile tensions between preserving a community's existing cultural heritage and the reality of planning for several feet of sea level rise in the coming decades. As more frequent tidal flooding and more extensive storm surges begin to affect the lowest-lying neighborhoods, cities and states are faced with decisions about where and when to invest in adaptation measures and at what scale. Adaptation measures will undoubtedly change the landscape of the existing built environment, which contributes to each community's cultural heritage and its collective psyche. How can a community move forward with the joint goals of preservation and protection? The decisions are daunting and imagining a built environment that accommodates a rising sea can be a surreal exercise. Questions will be raised such as, what funds are available for large-scale infrastructure projects? Or, why is investment continuing in this neighborhood if it will be under water in fifty years? Architects may feel unequipped to enter these conversations. The easiest, and likely last, series of decisions in this process may be about how to elevate a building. However, before arriving at such a decision, an interconnected web of related conversations must occur. Despite one's reluctance to participate in such a daunting task, a designer's skill set is useful in the process. The assistance that is required of architects at the front end of preparing historic coastal communities for sea level rise includes gathering and presenting existing conditions data, facilitating robust and inclusive conversations, educating decision-makers, and illustrating options, all of which empower communities to work together toward an appropriate and equitable solution. Architects have an opportunity to not only facilitate and participate in adaptation planning conversations, but also to advocate for and influence the structure of decision-making processes to be more inclusive and participatory. The following discussion highlights specific challenges in historic coastal cities, using several examples from our work in Rhode Island, as well as observations of state and municipal planning processes. As architects and urban designers, it is Union Studio's mission to enrich the lives of people and communities through the design of buildings and places for this generation and the next. We dedicate ourselves to projects ranging from large-scale neighborhood masterplans and public libraries to smaller-scale urban infill development and residential design. The change in scale from one project to the next compels us to consider the implications of small-scale design details on the overall character of a place and, conversely, the implications of broad regulatory policies on the design of a single building or home.

Literature Review on the Digital Museum in a Chinese Context

<em>Parry (2007) claims that “it would be an exaggeration to suggest that the computer has been the cause of the recent ‘reimagining’, ‘rethinking’, ‘reshaping’ and ‘reframing’ of the museum” (p. 140). Technological innovation creates new possibilities for the development of the museum, and the digital museum as one of its products plays a key role in the preservation and communication of cultural heritage. However, research on the digital museum is lacking in China. Therefore, this article is an attempt to determine the extent to which factors influence the construction of digital museums. In order to answer the research question, a systematic review has been utilized in order to comb the available literature in the Chinese context. As a result, 1829 articles have been retrieved and 205 articles have been accessed, and finally, 41 studies have been selected and reviewed. The results indicate that the development of the digital museum is influenced by technology, human resources, and funding. Then, suggestions and implications are put forward for further research.</em>

Visual Anthropology and Preservation of the Community Cultural Heritage

Visual Anthropology and Preservation of the Community Cultural Heritage

EFEK NARASI CAGAR BUDAYA PADA INTENSI DAN KEBANGGAAN REMAJA TERHADAP MAJAPAHIT DAN INDONESIA

This paper discusses the communication of cultural heritage in adolescents, in particular information on the cultural heritage of the kingdom of Majapahit in Trowulan, East Java, Indonesia. In the context of public archaeology, public communication is no longer presented in mind-numbing information; instead the information is presented to increase positive attitude and behavior toward the cultural heritage. In the context of marketing communication, the submission of information that is in accordance to the consumers’ or visitors’ wishes can no longer be fulfilled merely by the facts, but also by presenting the information through underdog or topdog stories or narrations. The objective of the research in this paper is to verify the influence of information on Majapahit cultural heritage in the form of narration on public attitude, visit intention, and pride. The research used 3x1 experiment design between participants. The findings of the research verified that the influence of cultural heritage information in the form of topdog narration directly increased the participants’ attitude and visit intention on the Majapahit relics in Trowulan. Additionally, topdog narration formed cultural heritage information also increased the participants’ pride on Indonesia.