Macroinvertebrate Community Structure Research Articles

Spatial variation in the community structure and response of benthic macroinvertebrates to multiple environmental factors in mountain rivers

Exploring the response between benthic community changes and environmental variables has significance for restoring the health of river ecosystems. However, little is known of the impact on communities of interactions between multiple environmental factors, and frequent changes in the flow of mountain rivers are different from those in the flow of plain river networks, which also impact differently the benthic community. Thus, there is a need for research on the response of benthic communities to environmental changes in mountain rivers under flow regulation. In this study, we collected samples from the Jiangshan River in the dry season (November 2021) and the wet season (July 2022) to investigate the aquatic ecology and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the watershed. Multi-dimension analyses were used to analyze the spatial variation in the community structure and response of benthic macroinvertebrates to multiple environmental factors. In addition, the explanatory power of the interaction between multiple factors on the spatial variation of communities, and the distribution characteristics of benthic community and their causes were investigated. The results showed that herbivores are the most abundant forms in the benthic community of mountain rivers. The structure of benthic community in Jiangshan River was significantly affected by water quality and substrate, whereas the overall community structure was affected by river flow conditions. Furthermore, nitrite nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the key environmental factors impacting the spatial heterogeneity of communities during the dry and wet season, respectively. Meanwhile, the interaction between these environmental factors showed a synergistic effect, enhancing the influence of these environmental factors on community structure. Thus, controlling urban and agricultural pollution and releasing ecological flow would be effective strategies to improve benthic biodiversity. Our study showed that using the interaction of environmental factors was a suitable way to evaluate the association between environmental variables and variation in benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in river ecosystems.

Environmental predictors affect α- and β-diversity of tropical bromeliad macroinvertebrates

We tested the hypothesis that abiotic predictors, both influence α and β-diversity of macroinvertebrate communities in the phytotelmata of the terrestrial bromeliad, Vriesea philippocoburgii. Macroinvertebrates were sampled in 58 bromeliads in a restinga in Brazil and estimated both the α and β-diversity in each bromeliad, and then partitioning them into nestedness and turnover. We then used Generalized Linear Models and partial Mantel tests to identify which environmental factors predict these diversity components for the macroinvertebrate communities. The size of the plant positively influenced α-diversity, whereas light intensity strongly influenced β-diversity. Both components were influenced by organic matter. Plants exhibiting large differences in values of organic matter and light intensity had different macroinvertebrate communities. Furthermore, bromeliad systems exhibit high β-diversity values governed by turnover. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering α and β-diversities in studies that assess the diversity patterns of aquatic macroinvertebrates and suggest that environmental changes that modify the structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities could have impacts on ecosystem processes.

Diel activity patterns of rocky shore macroinvertebrates in the northern Baltic Sea

Marine invertebrates on rocky shores form dynamic communities in time and space. Invertebrates constitute important links in the food chain and in biogeochemical cycles and are thus essential for functioning ecosystems. Species can be diurnal or nocturnal, and adaptions can be explained by predation pressure and resource availability. Contrary to terrestrial species, marine invertebrates are less specialised in single hosts and can, when needed, switch habitats, a trait that favours survival, growth, and reproduction.Variation in movement patterns of macroinvertebrates was studied on the northwestern Åland Islands (Åland Sea) to assess changes in activity on a diel timescale along the summer season. Two methods were used to collect representative samples of both swimming and non-swimming species. The pool of macroinvertebrate taxa in the study area was controlled for by sampling ambient macroalgae-associated fauna. Results show that all swimming and epifaunal mobile macroinvertebrate taxa move actively either in the free water body or along the sea floor within a 24-h period. A preference towards nocturnal activity could be observed as the total abundance of macroinvertebrates was higher during the night. Mean taxonomic richness was somewhat higher at night for the swimming macroinvertebrates. The community structure of mobile macroinvertebrates changed within a 24-h period as, e.g. Palaemon spp. and P. ulvae were more prevalent, and larger individuals were generally more active at night. The methods used were suitable for describing the activity patterns of macroinvertebrates on shallow rocky shores, and the results are essential for understanding the temporal dynamics of complex littoral rocky shore communities.

Biogenic habitats as drivers of invertebrate benthic community variability in Tongoy Bay (SE Pacific coast): implications of macroalga harvesting

Habitat biogenic complexity is thought to exert a significant positive influence on benthic communities. We examined the link between the seasonal variability of macroinvertebrate community structure (species and trophic richness, diversity and biomass) and habitats with different macroalgal assemblages. We identified macroinvertebrates and algae from 336 samples spread over four types of habitat: sand, mud, sand-gravel and seagrass meadows. Considering the whole macroalgal and macroinvertebrate assemblage, we confirmed that macroinvertebrate community variability within and among habitats can be mainly (but not only) explained by a few macroalgal structuring species. The variability of macroinvertebrate communities between habitats and seasons depended on the changes in the relative contribution of the explanatory biostructuring species in the overall algal community. Biomass, trophic behaviour and species richness remained stable in habitats with conspicuous macroalgal communities in contrast with habitats devoid of macroalgae. However, invertebrate species richness and biomass remained stable only in habitats whose dominant species did not change between seasons and not in those where dominant structuring species shifted. The seasonal change in a key structuring macroalgal species (Condracanthus chamissoi), probably as a result of harvesting, led to a major reduction in invertebrate community biomass and richness both in the particular habitat and in those nearby at species level. These consequences are especially important for invertebrates linked by trophic relationships and targeted by fisheries.

Beach-cast and drifting seaweed wrack is an important resource for marine and terrestrial macroinvertebrates in high latitudes

Seaweeds are foundation species across near-subtidal and intertidal zones, including when detached and free-floating and then cast ashore as wrack. Wrack is sometimes removed by humans for aesthetics or to be used as fertilizer. The study of wrack as an important habitat and resource for macroinvertebrates in high latitudes has been limited. To determine which taxa might be impacted when wrack is removed, the composition and relative abundance of macroinvertebrates were quantified monthly and compared in areas with and without wrack in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Relationships were assessed between macroinvertebrates and wrack line (tidal height, moisture content, seaweed biomass) and beach characteristics (wave exposure, beach slope, substrate types). Approximately 47,000 animals were counted and a total of 87 taxa were identified from beach-cast wrack, drifting wrack, and bare sediment habitats. Macroinvertebrate communities within beach-cast wrack and bare sediment habitats were significantly different. Beach-cast wrack generally had more terrestrially-derived animals, especially Coleoptera and Diptera. Bare beach sediment was predominantly occupied by Enchytraeida (annelids). Macroinvertebrate communities were most strongly influenced by seaweed biomass and tidal height of the wrack line. Beach-cast wrack and bare sediments were also compared to drifting wrack in shallow, nearshore waters. Drifting wrack was different and generally occupied by more marine-derived animals, especially Amphipoda, Gastropoda, Mytilida, and Polychaeta. Ecological succession in decaying beach-cast wrack was documented, with decomposers (e.g., Amphipoda and Diptera) being early colonizers, and predators (e.g., Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) arriving later. Understanding the importance of this unique and ecologically important habitat to macroinvertebrates is essential, as removals and reductions in wrack availability could influence macroinvertebrate community structure, higher trophic level consumers, and key ecological processes on beaches. This study is the first direct investigation into seaweed wrack-associated macroinvertebrate communities in a sub-Arctic system.

Catchment-scale deer exclusion changes longitudinal patterns of macroinvertebrate communities through soil runoff mitigation

Deer overpopulation is occurring worldwide, and deer-induced soil runoff into streams increases levels of suspended sediment and fine sedimentation. While deer-induced fine sedimentation in depositional habitats including first- and fourth-order streams is known to alter macroinvertebrate communities, effects of drifting suspended sediment in erosional habitats between the stream orders are poorly understood. Here, habitat and macroinvertebrate community structures in first- to third-order streams were compared between deer-excluded and grazed catchments of a Japanese headwater system. Fine sediment cover on the streambed was significantly greater in the grazed catchments than the deer-excluded catchment only for first-order streams, while macroinvertebrate community structure differed distinctly between the deer-excluded and grazed catchments at all stream orders. Burrowing collector-gatherers, which inhabit fine streambed sediments, were less abundant in first-order streams in the deer-excluded catchment than the grazed catchments, while clinging collector-filterers, which are vulnerable to suspended sediment inputs, were more abundant in second- and third-order streams of the deer-excluded catchment than the grazed catchments. These results suggest that the effect of deer exclusion on stream ecosystems varies with longitudinal changes in sediment deposition and transport capacity. Hydro-geomorphological processes are thus fundamental to assessing the restoration of forest-stream ecosystems, particularly in spatiotemporally dynamic headwater systems.

Community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in some waterfall ecosystems, Bawean Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Retnaningdyah C, Arisoesilaningsih E, Vidayanti V, Purnomo, Febriansyah SC. 2023. Community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in some waterfall ecosystems, Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 370-378. Bawean Island is a small island with a fairly dense population, so the need for water resources is quite high. On Bawean Island, several waterfalls have been found that have a hydrological function capable of supplying water continuously for drinking water, raw materials, agricultural irrigation functions and other daily activities that are very important for the people of Bawean Island. However, the quality of the waterfall ecosystem on Bawean Island has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the water quality of some waterfall ecosystems on Bawean Island using the community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as a complement to water physicochemical monitoring. This study used the Ex Post Facto method. The research was conducted at 6 waterfalls found on Bawean Island. The physicochemical quality of the water observed included air temperature, water temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and Total Phosphate (TP). The quality of the benthic macroinvertebrate that had been monitored included Importance Value Index (IVI), taxa richness, total density, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’), and an ecological index, namely the Family Biotic Index (FBI). The monitoring data then be used to analyze the interaction between water quality profiles and macroinvertebrates profiles by conducting Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the results obtained, the water quality in the Bawean Island waterfall, according to the FBI index categorized as Good-Excellent. According to Indonesian government regulation (PP. No. 22 of 2021), some parameters of water quality in Putri and Suwari waterfall were classified as class 2, which can be used for water tourism infrastructure, fish farming also agriculture and the others are categorized as class 3 which is only used for fish farming and agriculture. To maintain good water quality, the waterfall manager needs to control human activities around the waterfall’s ecosystem.

Habitat quality–physicochemical water quality–littoral macroinvertebrate community nexus in Lugo Lake (Ethiopia): Priorities for sustainable water resources management

AbstractThe integration of water quality characteristics with habplot‐based habitat quality assessment score (HabQA) has received little attention in ecological quality assessment studies. This study investigated the macroinvertebrate community structure in relation with lake habitat quality and physicochemical water quality variables in Lugo Lake (Ethiopia). Twelve sampling sites (eight agricultural and four recreational) were included. The variation among macroinvertebrates data was significantly explained by HabQA score and soluble reactive phosphorus. The study revealed the greater importance of habitat quality characteristics in comparison with the other conventional physicochemical characteristics on macroinvertebrate community structure. We strongly recommend the use of HabQA system while studying macroinvertebrate community structure for a deeper understanding of the environmental functioning of tropical lakes. The results suggested the need to apply integrated and sustainable protection and management of the lake catchment (including wetlands) to enhance the ecological integrity and hence biodiversity of lakes.

Macroinvertebrate community structure and ecological status in Portuguese streams across climatic and water scarcity gradients

Climatic and hydrological variation is of utmost importance in regions of the globe facing water scarcity and river intermittency (e.g. areas under Mediterranean influence). The main aim of this study was to compare the macroinvertebrate community structure and its bioindicator value (i.e. waterbody ecological status) in streams from three Portuguese regions (Regions C, N and S), representing distinct climatic features and water availability scenarios. Results showed that, overall, sampling sites differed in their climatic, hydromorphological and physical and chemical features, and environmental (abiotic) and ecological (community dissimilarities) gradients among regions were clearly identified. Sites from Regions C (wettest) and S (driest) represented non-overlapping clusters of samples, both in terms of their environmental context and ecological (dis)similarity; sites from Region N occupied an intermediate position, and their macroinvertebrate community was highly variable locally. This coincided with overall higher ecological quality and uniformity in Region C, whereas Regions N and S were more heterogeneous and generally presented lower ecological quality. Our data showed that climate (and associated water scarcity) is coupled with other environmental drivers of the macroinvertebrate community structure, highlighting a shared influence of the three environmental components (climatic, hydromorphological, and physical and chemical) in the modulation of macroinvertebrate communities.

Effect of seasonal variability on the development and application of a novel Multimetric Index based on benthic macroinvertebrate communities – A case study from streams in the Karun river basin (Iran)

Using multimetric indices (MMIs) for monitoring the ecosystem health of rivers is common practice. Increasing the applicability of MMIs needs understanding of the impacts of natural spatial and temporal variability on community structure in relation to effects of anthropogenic pressure gradients. In this study, we tested the impact of seasonal variability in environmental conditions and macroinvertebrate community structure on the development and application of MMIs using streams in the Karun river basin as a case study. We sampled and measured physical and chemical variables, physical habitat characteristics, and macroinvertebrate communities from 53 stream sites during four seasons. We defined pressure gradients for each season and also by combining all seasons’ data. Then, we assessed the applicability of three strategies recommended for tackling the effect of seasonal variability on MMIs development and application: (i) by developing seasonal MMIs (MMIspr,11MMIspr: Multimetric index for spring; MMIsum,22MMIsum: Multimetric index for summer; MMIaut,33MMIaut: Multimetric index for autumn; MMIwin44MMIwin: Multimetric index for Winter;), (ii) by aggregating data across seasons (MMIcomb55MMIcomb: Multimetric index for whole year;), and (iii) by using the signal-to-noise ratio (MMIS/N66MMIS/N: Multimetric index based on S/N ratio.). Our results showed that high seasonal variability in the streams of the Karun river could affect the MMIs’ core metrics composition and performance. Developing seasonal MMIs was the best strategy to tackle the seasonal variability as indicated by highest precision of MMIs, responsiveness to anthropogenic pressure gradient and sensitivity to impairment. Based on the results of this study, seasons with base-flow (summer and autumn) were most suited for the development of MMIs. The main reason might be the stability in natural drivers (e.g., stable river flows) shaping macroinvertebrate community structure during these seasons. In general, our results showed the MMIs developed based on macroinvertebrate communities could efficiently discriminate reference sites from the impacted sites and, therefore, can be used as a valuable tool for bioassessment in the streams of the Karun river basin and similar systems.

Ecological structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the Hauts Plateaux of Northeast Algeria.

Aquatic macroinvertebrates are integral parts of functioning wetlands, inhabiting a diversity of aquatic ecosystems where communities are spatially structured. Macroinvertebrates of some Mediterranean regions such as North Africa are still not well studied. Here, we study the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in four different types of lotic and lentic wetlands in the semiarid Haut Plateaux of Northeast Algeria. Macroinvertebrates and 06 physicochemical parameters were sampled in 12 sites belonging to four types of habitats (lotic river, lentic river, dams, and sebkha [saline lentic water body]) during January-December 2021. Eventually, the character lentic-lotic was the most important variable affecting the affecting invertebrate communities in the Mediterranean region. The results revealed that sebkha and dams had a lower Shannon index than lentic and lotic rivers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a strong overlap between the community composition in lotic and lentic sites . Howeverin the three types of aquatic groups lentic river, dam and lotic habitats showed a strong overlap between the community whereas sebkha was markedly separated. Redundancy analysis showed that water velocity and pH, were the main drivers of community structure of macroinvertebrates, revealed a strong effect with pH (F1,8=4.15, P = 0.001) and water velocity (F1,8= 3.22, P = 0.002) , separating lotic communities from those that inhabited dams, lentic rivers, and sebkhas. As conclusion, this study contributes to the better understanding of the community structure of macroinvertebrates in semiarid North Africa where wetlands have been experiencing high anthropogenic disturbance.

Trophic Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Permanent Streams in the Eastern Balkans

The present study provides data on the trophic structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in mountainous and semi-mountainous small streams and river sections belonging to Mesta, Struma and Vardar River catchments from 7th Ecoregion. The benthic macroinvertebrates were assigned to seven Functional Feeding Groups. We analyzed their trophic structure and the dynamics in different seasons. The level of similarity between the sampling localities was analyzed in the context of both the river typology and the water catchment. A comparison between the two trophic indices was conducted in order to analyze the advantages of the application of these indices for assessment of the ecological status at the studied sites. We found that the trophic structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in ostensibly typologically similar river sections differs at the undisturbed vs the impacted sampled sites. To a large extent, these differences were also determined by the presence of anthropogenic influence that resulted in the predominance of deposit feeders amplifying on higher disturbance on some of the studied rivers. Long-term negative pressure has led to changes in microhabitats that affect the structure and functioning of the aquatic ecosystem by transformation of the trophic structure of the macrozoobenthos.

Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure along a Continuum in a Spring Dominated River, Missouri, USA

The Current River is a cold-water, thermally constant Missouri Ozark stream and is one of the few remaining free-flowing rivers in the U.S. The Current River’s baseflow is largely fed by hundreds of springs, which include five first-magnitude springs. Little attention has been given to the influence of spring inflows on river temperature and spring influence on biodiversity. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate how large springs affect river macroinvertebrate communities, and to explore the relationships among macroinvertebrate diversity and habitat variables to estimate spring influences on community structure and diversity. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from 42 riffle/run habitats of the Current River main-stem, tributaries, and springs during the winter season. Samples at each site were collected using a Slack-Surber sampler for macroinvertebrates with additional habitat variables collected: substrate size, embeddedness, periphyton, filamentous green algae, vegetation, depth, current velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH. Beta diversity analysis was performed on consecutive pairs of site taxa richness values using the Wilson–Shmida calculation to determine the impact of main-stem confluences with either tributaries or springs, and invertebrate community relationships were explored using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Water temperature and taxa richness exhibited similar patterns, with higher temperatures being associated with lower taxa richness. Downstream of each large-magnitude spring, taxa richness sharply decreased, while taxa richness increased downstream of tributaries. Beta diversity usually declined downstream of the confluences with springs, but increased downstream of the tributaries. Data from large springs were closely grouped in NMDS, while tributaries and main-stem sites were more widely scattered. These data indicate spring inputs produce more homogenous conditions in the main-stem river compared to more heterogenous conditions produced by tributary inputs. Macroinvertebrate diversity along the Current River also does not follow predictions from the river continuum concept, but rather diversity peaks are downstream of springs. Our data clearly demonstrate the strong influence of large springs on macroinvertebrate communities in the Current River.

Native forest conversion alters soil macroinvertebrate diversity and soil quality in tropical mountain landscapes of northern Ecuador

Land use changes cause soil degradation and loss of biodiversity, thereby affecting ecological processes and soil-associated ecosystem services. However, land use change impacts on soil health have received little attention in the highland landscapes of the tropics. In this research, using the soil health framework, we assessed the impact of native forest conversion to anthropic systems (planted forests, pastures, and monocultures) on two ecosystem services: biodiversity conservation and soil fertility in the highlands of northern Ecuador. The biological dimension of our assessment focused on the diversity, abundance, and biomass of soil macroinvertebrate communities as proxies to soil functions, whereas soil chemical parameters were used to describe the soil fertility. The soil invertebrate communities and soil chemical parameters were studied in topsoil samples using 25 × 25 × 10 cm monoliths, obtained from 10 sampling sites randomly selected in each land use category. We hypothesized that native forests would present more diverse and even soil macroinvertebrate communities, and together with their soil chemical properties would indicate better soil quality than anthropic environments. Our results showed that the structure and composition of the edaphic macroinvertebrate communities significantly differed among the studied land use categories. As predicted, native forests presented greater values for richness, evenness and diversity of soil biota than did the other categories, demonstrating a significant loss of taxonomic biodiversity at order and genus levels. We also found a significant reduction of trophic diversity in native forests converted to anthropic environments. More trophic groups with greater abundances were found in native forests, where predators and detritivores stood out as dominant groups, indicating the good quality of the soil. The results from the soil chemical parameters also confirmed the distinction in soil health between native forests and anthropic environments. Our results highlight the risk associated with current trends of native forest loss and conversion to anthropic systems in high mountain ecosystems in the tropics, illustrating how these alterations could cause biodiversity loss and degradation of the chemical attributes of soil health. The findings of this research could contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of mountain agricultural landscapes in the study region.

Temporal-spatial distribution and ecological evaluation of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in Yongding River Basin

We investigated community structure of macroinvertebrate, water environment factors, hydrological factors at 23 sampling sites of the Yongding River basin from spring 2017 (April) to autumn 2017 (November). We analyzed the composition, spatial and temporal distribution of the macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups, as well as their responses to changes in riverine habitat. A total of 78 macroinvertebrate species were identified, with 52, 50 and 53 macroinvertebrate species in spring, summer and autumn respectively. The dominant functional feeding groups were gather-collectors, followed by predators, while the proportion of scrapers, filter-collectors and shredders were extremely low. Dominant species in the three seasons were all gather-collectors, including Orthocladius, Rheotanytarsus, Cricotopus in spring, Glyptotendipes in summer, and Polypedilum, Chironomus, Orthocladius in autumn. Results of redundancy analysis showed that the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrate community structure were mainly influenced by water temperature, flow velocity, salinity, and total phosphorus in spring, by total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and flow capacity in summer, and by total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in autumn. Total phosphorus had positive correlation with gather-collectors in all three seasons, indicating that the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates were affected by water pollution. The evaluation based on the metrics of functional feeding groups showed that: 1) in terms of material cycle, primary productivity of Guishui River were significantly higher than other regions, and that in autumn were significantly higher than other seasons. The secondary productivity and decomposition capacity of Yanghe River were significantly higher than other regions, and those in spring were significantly higher than other seasons. The autotrophy/heterotrophy of Yanghe River was significantly lower than other regions, and that in spring were significantly higher than other seasons. 2) The longitudinal transport capacity of Sanggan River was significantly higher than other regions, and that in autumn was significantly higher than other seasons. 3) The lateral input capacity of Guishui River was significantly higher than other regions, and that in summer was significantly higher than other seasons.

Bioindicadores de calidad hídrica con diferente cobertura ribereña en la microcuenca Guapara, Ecuador

Agricultural activities produce changes in the margins of the stream banks, causing disturbances in water quality, and in the assemblage of aquatic insect communities. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes in the structure and composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community, and physicochemical variables in relation to the land use of the Guapara river, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador. Samplings were conducted during the rainy season (December to February 2018-2019) in three streams with different riparian cover: agricultural, native forest, and forest plantations, where samples of aquatic insects and physicochemical parameters were collected in situ. A total of 461 aquatic insects corresponding to 7 orders and 25 families were collected. In general, the highest abundance in order and family was presented by Ephemeroptera with 34 %, and Leptophlebiidae with 21 % respectively. According to the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera Trichoptera (EPT) index, the highest ecological condition was found in streams with native forest cover, and forest plantations respectively, and decreased in the stream with agricultural cover; while BMWP-Cr indicated water contamination in the three streams. Hydrobiosidae (Trichoptera) were associated with high turbidity values; while Gerridae (Hemiptera) were associated with high dissolved oxygen concentrations; in addition, Ptilodactylidae (Coleoptera) preferred the Q1-CA, and Q3-CF conditions, while Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) were associated with the stream of native forest. A negative influence of agricultural activity on the physicochemical parameters of the water and on the structure of the aquatic insect community assemblage was evidenced.

Composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities of lakes in different altitudinal zones of Russian Altai

Composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities of lakes in different altitudinal zones of Russian Altai

The role of waterfalls in the structure of macroinvertebrate communities of the Tevenek River (Lake Teletskoye basin, Northeastern Altai)

The role of waterfalls in the structure of macroinvertebrate communities of the Tevenek River (Lake Teletskoye basin, Northeastern Altai)

Nearshore plankton and macroinvertebrate community structure is strongly associated with macrophyte abundance in a large lake with high shoreline development

Nearshore plankton and macroinvertebrate community structure is strongly associated with macrophyte abundance in a large lake with high shoreline development

Diversity and structure of macroinvertebrate communities in permanent small streams and rivers in Eastern Balkans

Diversity and structure of macroinvertebrate communities in permanent small streams and rivers in Eastern Balkans