Settler Communities Research Articles

Life as a Design Element of Hardened Urban Shorelines

Armored urban shorelines have historically impoverished life on the waterfront. Materials and forms were chosen to discourage the settlement of marine communities and human access. This has weakened shoreline habitats and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and diminished urban human experiences by reducing links to nature. Augmentation of existing structures and new waterfront designs for specific ecological goals such as salmon habitat improvement are reversing these trends. With the integration of advances in ecology, social science, engineering, architecture, and regulation, urban shorelines can be designed and built to enrich human experience and natural resources through connections rather than through separation and can then be considered “living shorelines.” Such a holistic approach should extend from the subtidal to the terrestrial vegetated and built environment. As with traditional soft sediment living shorelines, life can be included from the outset and be applied as an integral design element providing many functions as well as ecosystem services and social well-being benefits. We present challenges and recommend solutions for broad incorporation of this new vision for urban shorelines. We need data on biological recruitment processes, a better understanding of human social engagement with the urban shore, and continued development of materials for strength, customizability, ecosystem compatibility, and reduced carbon footprint. Measuring and tracing impacts or contributions will be difficult. Improved assessments of investment risk and reward for urban areas are needed to fund these efforts, and regulatory adaptability is needed to allow the transformation of urban shores into living shores.

ON THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGIOUS LIFE IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: RAILCAR CHURCH ON THE MURMANSK RAILWAY (1915–1918)

The author studies the historical and ethnographic aspects of the organization of the activities and services of the clergy of railway mobile churches in the European north of Russia in 1915–1918. It was an effective form of providing spiritual assistance to visitors who found themselves far from their homeland, workers and employees of Murmansk. The church and railway departments interacted on issues of spiritual control and meeting the religious needs of the population. In the conditions of the North, the mobility of the clergy was of particular importance, therefore, the ability of railway priests to reach the population and attract a new flock was higher than that of parish priests. The author revealed the peculiarities of the functioning of the railcar church, the composition of the clergy, the space of activity, as well as the ways the clergy work with the temporary road "flock". For the first time, the author introduced into scientific circulation certain types of official and registration documents from the collections of the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia, the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. These documents are related to the activities of mobile churches and the movements of clergy, the provision of spiritual assistance, and the registration of life cycle events of participants in railway construction in the European North of Russia during the First World War. The conclusions relate to the fact that the Orthodox Church has highly adapted to the transforming ethno-cultural space, as well as the formation of new settlement communities within it during the years of war and revolution.

Maneuvers of Informal Settlement Communities in Access to Drinking Water: Insights from Herat City, Afghanistan

Maneuvers of Informal Settlement Communities in Access to Drinking Water: Insights from Herat City, Afghanistan

Socio-Demographic Factors of Public Activity of Russians in the Issues of Strengthening Civil Identity (on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

The problem of civil identity has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers for several decades. Of particular importance today is the issue of the behavioral (activity) component of civil identity, since the country's population, according to survey results, demonstrates a rather low level of social activity. This allows modern sociologists to distinguish between state and civil identity, forming a problem field primarily around the second. The research methodology is presented by some results of the study of the state of civil identity in the Republic of Bashkortostan within the framework of the project "Communicative mechanisms of social construction of civic identity of Russians" in 2019 (sample size 751 people). The questions analyzed allow assessing the willingness of Russians to take responsibility, demonstrating the degree of participation of respondents in the work of public associations and their skills in applying institutionalized methods of problem solving, as well as making it possible to assess the circle of trust of respondents. The study revealed some patterns in the expression of civil potential depending on gender, age, education, income, and type of settlement, but the trends are not always unambiguous. A high level of education and financial stability have a positive effect on the degree of competence of a citizen; however, representatives of age, gender, and settlement communities tend to divide their areas of responsibility depending on their goals and mechanisms of influence. An analysis of the socio-demographic portrait of an active citizen allows us to establish its complex, contradictory nature and indicates the high significance of research into the activity component of civil identity. The proposed results can be used in the educational process and by authorities in developing management decisions.

Tradition of Khanduri Peutron Bijeh Keubeu Jagat in Gampong Baro Village, Teunom, Aceh Jaya District

The Khanduri Peutron Bijeh Keubeu Jagat tradition is an event held periodically every three years before the seed sowing season. This tradition is part of the activities of the Mukim Teunom community which takes place in Gampong Baro Village, Kemukiman Teunom. This study aims to explore more deeply the process of implementing this tradition, the meaning contained in it, and the community's response to this phenomenon. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the Khanduri procession is carried out in the morning with the slaughter of the keubeu jagat animal along with the reading of prayers at the Khanduri location. The Khanduri Peutron Bijeh Keubeu Jagat tradition is held as an effort to ask God to keep wild animals away from human settlements, protect rice fields and gardens from pest attacks, and provide hope for an abundant harvest. Community participation in this tradition is very high because it is considered to have great benefits, such as protection from danger when fishing in the sea or when gardening from tiger attacks, and protecting agriculture from pest attacks. In addition, this Khanduri is also a momentum to strengthen social relations between the Teunom Settlement community, maintaining harmony and cooperation between them

Analysis of Plankton Abundance, Diversity and Dominance along the Siddo Coast in Barru Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to determine the level of abundance, diversity, uniformity, and dominance of plankton in the waters of Siddo Beach, Barru Regency. The research was carried out at three research locations, namely location 1, namely the hatchery location and Siddo Beach Bay; location 2, namely the location around the pier and mangroves; and location 3, namely the location around the community settlement in Toe hamlet, Barru Regency. Plankton in this location needs to be researched because there are many environmental forces that can disrupt the existence of plankton. Analisis plankton dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Air Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep. Data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. The results showed that the abundance of plankton at location 1 was highest for plankton of the Navicula sp type; at location 2, the highest was for plankton of the Oscilatoria sp type; and the abundance of plankton at location 3 was highest for plankton of the type Acartia sp. The average diversity of plankton at the research location is in the range of 0.1526795-0.20716, the uniformity of plankton at the research location is in the range 0.06144279-0.10646145, and the dominance of plankton at location 1 is highest in Cosconidiscus sp type plankton, location 2 is dominated by Oscilatoria sp type plankton, and location 3 is dominated by plankton of the Acartis sp type. Thus, there is no type of plankton that has the highest abundance and dominance for all research locations.

Examining Indigenous Identity as a Protective Factor in Mental Well-Being Research in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Due to historical and ongoing structural racism and settler colonialism, Indigenous Peoples and communities in the United States are at a higher risk for a variety of diseases, elevated stress, and negative mental health outcomes. In addition, the United States federal government and the public encourage a view that Indigenous Peoples are primarily a racial group. Federally-, state-, and un-recognized Indigenous Peoples have a collective right to self-determination and sovereignty, and individuals of these Peoples understand this. The goals of this scoping review were to examine what research on identity and mental well-being is currently being conducted with Indigenous populations in the United States, synthesize the results, and determine if researchers are utilizing toolsets and theories that reinforce the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples, communities, and the individual. The scoping review followed guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute guide for Scoping Reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Four databases and over six thousand articles were searched for this review, with twenty-four that had data extracted and analyzed. Current research on the relationship between Indigenous identity and mental well-being shows mixed results. The findings of this scoping review highlight a need for Indigenous-specific tools for measuring identity in place of tools used for other ethnic and racial groups. More research must be conducted to create tools that specifically examine the phenomena of United States-based Indigenous identity.

PENANGANAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA X KABUPATEN BANDUNG

The community in Village X has not carried out garbage sorting behavior. In addition, garbage collection is carried out once a week which causes waste to accumulate in community settlements and do not have TPS (Temporary Shelters). The aim of the study was to determine waste generation, waste handling at the sorting stage, container, collection, transportation, infrastructure, as well as knowledge and behavior of respondents towards waste handling. This type of research is descriptive. Approach through surveys and observations. A sample of 75 people and 6 houses with a total of 29 people were used as samples for waste generation. The results of measurements of waste generation for 6 houses for 8 days were 0.169 kg/person/day. The sorting stage 47% have done the sorting, 53% did not do the sorting, 47% container met the requirements, 53% did not meet the requirements, collection did not meet the requirements of 100% and transportation did not meet the requirements of 100%. TPS infrastructure 58.4% met the requirements and 41.6% did not meet the requirements. The knowledge level of the respondents was 61 in the good category, 13 in the sufficient category and 1 in the poor category, while the behavior of 39 was in the good category, 12 was in the sufficient category and 22 was in the poor category. Suggestions for managers to conduct outreach about waste handling, increase the schedule for collecting and transporting waste.

Migration and Settlement of Ethnic Communities in Relation to Land Question in Laikipia County, Kenya

Laikipia County experienced the land question arising from migration and settlement that stretched over a century. In spite of intervention measures the problem escalated. This study, therefore, sought to establish why migration and settlement of the ethnic communities generated the land question in Laikipia County. The study was hinged on the instrumentalism and articulation of modes of production theories, using the historical research design. The study established that pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial migrations and settlements of the Pokot, Tugen, Ndorobo, Maasai, Somali, Kisii, Meru, Agikuyu, Europeans and Samburu led to the rise of the land question in Laikipia County. The study recommends that both the Laikipia County assembly and Kenyan national assembly should enact laws that protect pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial land holding rights. This will fix the land question among the ethnic groups residing in Laikipia County.

The Influence of Cultural Heritage Status on the Quality of Life of Slum Settlement Community

Surabaya is a fast-growing city facing challenges in infrastructure development, posing a threat to cultural heritage and historic areas. The Kalimas area has been abandoned, negatively impacting the environment. Cultural heritage is valuable as it instills pride, holds significance in civilization, and can improve the quality of life (QOL). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the quality of life as an individual's perception of differences in life based on culture and the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the impact of physical conditions in slum settlements on the QOL of the community and identify the slum settlement variables that can improve residents' QOL. The study uses a quantitative approach with analytical techniques such as literature review and multiple linear regression to analyze land characteristics, socio-economic factors, and physical characteristics. QOL is measured using the WHOQOL questionnaire. The data collection methods include secondary data from the Department of Housing, Settlement Areas and Land, and Bappedalitbang of Surabaya City, as well as primary data from observations, questionnaires, and interviews with the research sample. The results indicate that slum settlement variables significantly affect four domains of QOL: physical health, psychology, environment, and social relationships. However, physical characteristics partially do not affect the psychological, environmental, and social relationship domains.

Remnant of the Late Holocene sand beach reveals ancient settlement-related sea level change from western Thailand

Archaeological findings and analysis of the sand beach at the Ban Khu Bua site in western Thailand indicate substantial sea-level shifts, which relate to sea-level regression during the late Holocene. This research focused on analyzing the paleo-shoreline and determining the age of ancient sandy beach deposits. Satellite imagery (Sentinel-2A) taken in 2021 facilitated classification of the paleo-coastal landforms into four main categories: colluvium, recent floodplain, old tidal flat, and old sandy beach. The latter, running predominantly north to south, is composed of fine to very fine sand characterized by sub-angular to round shapes, high sphericity, and well sorted. The sediment’s mineral composition is primarily quartz, accompanied by smaller rock fragments, organic matter, heavy minerals, and feldspars. Optically Stimulated Luminescence analysis of quartz-rich samples from the inner and outer areas suggested deposition of the old sandy beach sediments between 1,500 and 3,000 years ago in the inner part, pre-dating the establishment of the Khu Bua community in the Dvaravati period. Continuous beach sand deposition along Thao U-Thong Road aligns with the community settlement approximately 200 to 1,000 years ago.

The Insects Visitor on Wild Israeli Grass Flowers (Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson)

Insects are invertebrate fauna that are important in various ecosystems and have high diversity and adaptability to various habitats. Insect diversity plays an important role (pollinator, pest control, or natural enemy) in several sectors, such as agriculture, ecology, human health, and natural resources. Apart from their beneficial role, the presence of insects can also be detrimental to humans; for example, insects can cause damage to agricultural products. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the diversity and role of insect visitors to the flowers of the Israeli grass plant (Asystasia gangetica). The research was carried out using a scan sampling survey method around community settlements, especially locations that various wild plants still cover. The research results showed that ten species and 255 individual insects visited Israeli grass flowers, which were divided into five orders, namely Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. The order Lepidoptera is a flower-visiting insect species with the highest abundance and is a pollinator. Flowering plants that grow wild, such as Israel grass, benefit society indirectly by being used as traditional medicine. However, they also positively impact the diversity of flower-visiting insects. The presence of flower-visiting insects that work around grass indirectly has the potential to conserve beneficial grass plants but is underestimated by the community.

The Impact of Public Participation Through Invited and Invented Spaces on Water Supply in Urban Informal Settlements

Though public participation forms part of the foundation of the South African democracy, insufficient consideration has been paid to the processes of public participation at local government, particularly in the provision of water supply in informal settlement communities. Informal settlements and their leadership structures are continuously excluded and overlooked in decisions and plans around water supply for their designated communities by invited public participation platforms such as ward committees and ward councillors. As a result, this has negative implications on the settlements’ access to water supply. It is within this context that this article demonstrates how the exclusion of informal settlement communities and their leadership structures in water supply decision making processes at local government exacerbate and enforce water struggles in informal settlements. This paper uses a qualitative research approach. The data was collected using field observations, photographic images, in-depth household interviews, in-depth interviews with community leaders and key informants.

Social Inclusion Facet among Refugee Communities in Refugee Community Settlement Scheme, Kinarut, Papar, Sabah

Social Inclusion Facet among Refugee Communities in Refugee Community Settlement Scheme, Kinarut, Papar, Sabah

Development of Ecotourism Scenario Based on Seawater Quality Evaluation

There were various activities in the Bungkutoko Island Kali Biru Bathing area by PT. Pelindo Nusantara and community settlements can unwittingly impact the quality of the water environment. This study aimed to determine the quality of seawater in the Kali Biru bathing area and develop a sustainable tourism-based environmental engineering concept. This research method uses surveys and laboratory analysis. Examination of water samples is carried out directly. Seawater analysis is descriptive with quality data from the results of water quality tests in testing laboratories whose feasibility levels were determined based on Indonesia's government rule number 22 of 2012. The results showed that three elements had laboratory test values exceeding the threshold value, namely: nitrite (NO2-N), sulfate (SO4), and iron (Fe), which should not be present, but during the study, there were already values for nitrite (NO2-N) of 0.12, 0.006, and 0.0006, sulfate (SO4) of 2.3, 1.4, and 4.8 and iron (Fe) of 0.0012, 0.0019, and 0.001 while the other six elements starting from pH (degree of acidity), salinity (%), nitrate (NO3-N), oil and grease, arsenic (As), and total coliform were within the regional quality threshold sea tourism. Scenarios for developing tourism activities through ecotourism activities.

Study On The Suitability Of Industrial Estates In The Northern Region Of Medan City To The Carrying Capacity Of The Environment

Industrial estates in the northern region of Medan City are currently developing close to community settlements, which have the potential to have a negative impact on the environment and public health. These impacts include air and noise pollution, water and soil pollution, declining property values, increased crime problems, and environmental damage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the suitability of industrial estates to the carrying capacity of the environment. This study aims to assess the suitability of industrial estates with the Carrying Capacity and Carrying Capacity of Ecosystem Services-Based Environment. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive, which describes environmental characteristics and the phenomenon of industrial estate development. The results of the study show variations in land suitability in the northern region of Medan City. In Medan Belawan District, most of the land (1,566.22 hectares) is not suitable for industrial estates, while in Medan Deli, most of the land (1,358.26 hectares) is very suitable. Medan Labuhan District is dominated by suitable land (2,157.42 hectares), while Medan Marelan has an even distribution between very suitable and suitable land. In coastal reclamation areas, most of the land (262.46 hectares) is not suitable.

Physical features of unplanned settlements in Herat City, Afghanistan

The increase in urban population growth has contributed to the expansion of unplanned settlements, especially in developing countries. Triggered by the lack of government oversight, the expansion of these settlements is characterized by unique economic, social, physical, and functional attributes. This study aims at exploring the physical features of unplanned settlements in District 4th of Herat city, western Afghanistan. Employing a mixed-research method, we integrated spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into detailed field observations to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the formation of these informal settlements. Our findings shed light on a number of key physical features including irregular street layouts, inadequate drainage systems, and substandard construction materials, irregular buildings in term of layout, number of floors, and building density. The features of unplanned urban morphology contribute to socio-economic loss and environmental degradation due to the absence of critical infrastructures including water infrastructures and the presence of unplanned streets in under-resourced unplanned settlements. In fact, the absence of government’s efforts in monitoring the development of unplanned settlements hinders the provision of essential services and infrastructures in the informal settlement communities. Our assertion is that the findings of this research will help policy makers in Afghanistan to reconsider their policies and decisions on urban development and growth, particularly in the poorer and under-served unplanned settlements in major cities in Afghanistan.

Research on the well-being experience of rural China’s post-relocation settlement communities in the public realm

ABSTRACT With economic development and changes in the industrial structure of cities in China, the transformation of industries from agricultural to non-agricultural has brought about significant changes in the living spaces, economic growth, ideology, and cultural attitudes of rural people. Placing people first and responding to rural residents’ wishes in the process of rapid development could become an important issue. This study focuses on the relationship between the well-being experience of relocated residents in rural areas and the public realm of new communities, and constructs a framework for understanding the relationship between the two. By doing so, it aims to resolve the conflict between the design of new settlements and the residents’ needs, thus providing a reference for similar designs in the future.

Long-term health-related physical fitness following traumatic lower limb amputation: Experience from low-resource military community settlements

Long-term health-related physical fitness following traumatic lower limb amputation: Experience from low-resource military community settlements

Analisis Jejaring Kebijakan dalam Program Sertifikasi Permukiman di Atas Air di Kelurahan Kawal Kecamatan Gunung Kijang Kabupaten Bintan

The certification program for settlements on the water is carried out as a form of ensuring legal protection for community settlements on the water. So far, it has been difficult for the community to get a certificate because they are above the sea, not on land like people who generally live on land. The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the policy networks involved in the implementation of the overwater settlement certification program in Kawal Village, Gunung Kijang District, Bintan Regency. The theory used is Van Waarden's theory (1992) with indicators of actors, functions, structures, institutions, rules of action, power relations, and actor strategies. The results of this study show that the policy network involved in the implementation of the overwater settlement certification program consists of the Central Government, Provincial Government, District Government, and Village Government. The mechanism for implementing the overwater settlement certification program in Bintan Regency, especially in Kawal Village, is based on the Decree of the Director General of Marine Spatial Management Number 15 of 2023 concerning Guidelines for Facilitating Approval of Conformity of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities for Local Communities in Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The implementation of this program certainly has obstacles in the field, namely related to coordination between agencies, especially at the regional level, on the implementation of socialization, facilities and access when going to the field. Researchers suggest the need to empower policy networks outside the government and the private sector.