Individual Community Research Articles

Tracking and characterization of a novel conjugative transposon identified by shotgun transposon mutagenesis.

The horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is an essential process determining the functional and genomic diversity of bacterial populations. MGEs facilitate the exchange of fitness determinant genes like antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Various computational methods exist to identify potential MGEs, but confirming their ability to transfer requires additional experimental approaches. Here, we apply a transposon (Tn) mutagenesis technique for confirming mobilization without the need for targeted mutations. Using this method, we identified two MGEs, including a previously known conjugative transposon (CTn) called BoCTn found in Bacteroides ovatus and a novel CTn, PvCTn, identified in Phocaeicola vulgatus. In addition, Tn mutagenesis and subsequent genetic deletion enabled our characterization of a helix-turn-helix motif gene, BVU3433 which negatively regulates the conjugation efficiency of PvCTn in vitro. Furthermore, our transcriptomics data revealed that BVU3433 plays a crucial role in the repression of PvCTn genes, including genes involved in forming complete conjugation machinery [Type IV Secretion System (T4SS)]. Finally, analysis of individual strain genomes and community metagenomes identified the widespread prevalence of PvCTn-like elements with putative BVU3433 homologs among human gut-associated bacteria. In summary, this Tn mutagenesis mobilization method (TMMM) enables observation of transfer events in vitro and can ultimately be applied in vivo to identify a broader diversity of functional MGEs that may underly the transfer of important fitness determinants.

Occupational Encounters: The Interpersonal Impact of Bus Drivers' Engagement With Disabled Passengers.

Whether mundane or meaningful, interpersonal encounters are prerequisites for (and have a significant impact on) many occupations. This study sought to understand the interpersonal impact and occupational relevance of encounters, through exploring encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers. The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model was applied as part of a Framework Analysis, separately examining bus driver and disabled passenger data. The Interpersonal-Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (I-PEOP) Model prototype was then developed to enable simultaneous exploration of the factors impacting such encounters. Application of the I-PEOP and PEOP Models found encounters between bus drivers and disabled passengers were pivotal to the exclusion or inclusion of disabled passengers in their communities. Understanding the occupational relevance of encounters, and the factors that determine their interpersonal impact, prompts occupational therapists to identify and address how intersectionality, power dynamics, occupational roles, and inter-perceptions impact an individual's community mobility and inclusion.

An African in Rome

Abstract At the end of the second century, Christianity in Rome existed as a federation of individual communities, despite the narrative provided in the fourth century by Eusebius. There was a multiplicity of leaders, of social backgrounds, of languages, of beliefs, and of practices among the Christians of Rome. How did the church of Rome maintain unity internally and externally in the presence of such diversity? By the end of the second century, with Victor, that forbearance came to a dramatic end. The best-known example is the Quartodeciman controversy over the dating of Easter. Other examples include his reaction to Monarchians, Montanists, and Valentinians. In itself, this is not evidence that Victor was attempting to act as sole bishop of Rome, but simply that he used the structures of the pluralist communities to push for greater theological conformity, which contributed to the centralisation of leadership in Rome. As a qualifier, it will be argued that he was not opposed to pluralism per se, but was opposed to it when he became aware of any particular threat divergence presented to Christian life and thought.

Objective structured clinical examination to teach competency in planetary health care and management – a prospective observational study

BackgroundHealth professionals are increasingly called upon and willing to engage in planetary health care and management. However, so far, this topic is rarely covered in medical curricula. As the need for professional communication is particularly high in this subject area, this study aimed to evaluate whether the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) could be used as an accompanying teaching tool.MethodsDuring the winter semester 2022/2023, 20 third- and fifth-year medical students voluntarily participated in a self-directed online course, three workshops, and a formal eight-station OSCE on planetary health care and management. Each examinee was also charged alternatingly as a shadower with the role of providing feedback. Experienced examiners rated students’ performance using a scoring system supported by tablet computers. Examiners and shadowers provided timely feedback on candidates` performance in the OSCE. Immediately after the OSCE, students were asked about their experience using a nine-point Likert-scale survey and a videotaped group interview. Quantitative analysis included the presentation of the proportional distribution of student responses to the survey and of box plots showing percentages of maximum scores for the OSCE performance. The student group interview was analyzed qualitatively.ResultsDepending on the sub-theme, 60% -100% of students rated the subject of planetary health as likely to be useful in their professional lives. Similar proportions (57%-100%) were in favour of integrating planetary health into required courses. Students perceived learning success from OSCE experience and feedback as higher compared to that from online courses and workshops. Even shadowers learned from observation and feedback discussions. Examiners assessed students’ OSCE performance at a median of 80% (interquartile range: 83%-77%) of the maximum score.ConclusionsOSCE can be used as an accompanying teaching tool for advanced students on the topic of planetary health care and management. It supports learning outcomes, particularly in terms of communication skills to sensitise and empower dialogue partners, and to initiate adaptation steps at the level of individual patients and local communities.

Impact of Race and Culture Assessments (IRCAs) in combatting anti-Black racism and reducing recidivism

The Gladue report, named after R. v. Gladue, is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada case which emphasizes the need to consider unique circumstances faced by Indigenous individuals when determining appropriate sentences. Given the overrepresentation of Black identities at all levels in the justice system, it is argued that the use of pre-sentencing reports referred to as Impact of Race and Culture Assessments (IRCAs), also needs to be comprehensively implemented for Black offenders in Canada. IRCAs are pre-sentencing reports that help sentencing judges better understand the effect of poverty, marginalization, racism, and social exclusion on the offender and their life experiences, and how those factors inform the circumstances of the offender, the offence committed, and the offender’s experience with the justice system. This is significant as it goes beyond a one-size-fits-all punitive justice system that has been ineffective in reducing recidivism. By recognizing the intersections of race, culture, and justice, IRCAs enable judges to make more informed decisions contributing to an equitable consequence for the accused. More importantly, we argue that the insights from IRCAs should be used to connect offenders with culturally reflective wraparound social services upon return into the community to address the root causes in areas of employment, education, and housing that gravitate people towards criminality. By acknowledging historical and systemic biases and tailoring supports to individual identities, life experiences, and community conditions, IRCAs have the potential to transform the criminal justice system through promotion of alternatives to custody that correlates with reductions in recidivism.

A unified framework for partitioning the drivers of stability of ecological communities

AbstractAimIdentifying the drivers of ecological stability is critical for ensuring the maintenance of ecosystem functioning and services, particularly in a changing world. Different ecological mechanisms by which biological communities stabilize ecosystem functions (i.e. “stabilizing effects”) have been proposed, yet with various theoretical expectations and debated conclusions. Here we propose a unified framework that aims at reconciling, and combining, different approaches to reliably test the strength of three stabilizing effects on the temporal constancy of ecosystem functions: the effects of (a) dominant species, (b) species asynchrony, and (c) diversity.InnovationCompared to existing developments the approach allows, for the first time, disentangling these three stabilizing effects at the level of individual communities. So far this was not possible, and conclusions depended on indirect tests and comparative analyses across communities. We also propose a graphical representation of the relative contributions of the three stabilizing effects on a ternary plot, allowing us to easily compare communities sampled in various ecological contexts in a standardized space.Main conclusionsOur study answers the current need for a unified framework to link theoretical concepts on the temporal stability of ecological communities to data analysis. The present development promises flexible tests for a deeper understanding of the ecological stabilization of biodiversity and the relative importance of its components.

A multiscale inflammatory map: linking individual stress to societal dysfunction.

As populations worldwide show increasing levels of stress, understanding emerging links among stress, inflammation, cognition, and behavior is vital to human and planetary health. We hypothesize that inflammation is a multiscale driver connecting stressors that affect individuals to large-scale societal dysfunction and, ultimately, to planetary-scale environmental impacts. We propose a 'central inflammation map' hypothesis to explain how the brain regulates inflammation and how inflammation impairs cognition, emotion, and action. According to our hypothesis, these interdependent inflammatory and neural processes, and the inter-individual transmission of environmental, infectious, and behavioral stressors - amplified via high-throughput digital global communications - can culminate in a multiscale, runaway, feed-forward process that could detrimentally affect human decision-making and behavior at scale, ultimately impairing the ability to address these same stressors. This perspective could provide non-intuitive explanations for behaviors and relationships among cells, organisms, and communities of organisms, potentially including population-level responses to stressors as diverse as global climate change, conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To illustrate our hypothesis and elucidate its mechanistic underpinnings, we present a mathematical model applicable to the individual and societal levels to test the links among stress, inflammation, control, and healing, including the implications of transmission, intervention (e.g., via lifestyle modification or medication), and resilience. Future research is needed to validate the model's assumptions, expand the factors/variables employed, and validate it against empirical benchmarks. Our model illustrates the need for multilayered, multiscale stress mitigation interventions, including lifestyle measures, precision therapeutics, and human ecosystem design. Our analysis shows the need for a coordinated, interdisciplinary, international research effort to understand the multiscale nature of stress. Doing so would inform the creation of interventions that improve individuals' lives and communities' resilience to stress and mitigate its adverse effects on the world.

Co-designing adult weight management services: a qualitative study exploring barriers, facilitators, and considerations for future commissioning

BackgroundWeight management services have not always benefitted everyone equally. People who live in more deprived areas, racially minoritised communities, those with complex additional needs (e.g., a physical or mental disability), and men are less likely to take part in weight management services. This can subsequently widen health inequalities. One way to counter this is to co-design services with under-served groups to better meet their needs. Using a case study approach, we explored how co-designed adult weight management services were developed, the barriers and facilitators to co-design, and the implications for future commissioning.MethodsWe selected four case studies of adult weight management services in Southwest England where co-design had been planned, representing a range of populations and settings. In each case, we recruited commissioners and providers of the services, and where possible, community members involved in co-design activities. Interviews were conducted online, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe interviewed 18 participants (8 female; 10 male): seven commissioners, eight providers, and three community members involved in co-designing the services. The case studies used a range of co-design activities (planned and actualised), from light-touch to more in-depth approaches. In two case studies, co-design activities were planned but were not fully implemented due to organisational time or funding constraints. Co-design was viewed positively by participants as a way of creating more appropriate services and better engagement, thus potentially leading to reduced inequalities. Building relationships– with communities, individual community members, and with partner organisations– was critical for successful co-design and took time and effort. Short-term and unpredictable funding often hindered co-design efforts and could damage relationships with communities. Some commissioners raised concerns over the limited evidence for co-design, while others described having to embrace “a different way of thinking” when commissioning for co-design.ConclusionsCo-design is an increasingly popular approach to designing health in services but can be difficult to achieve within traditional funding and commissioning practices. Drawing on our case studies, we present key considerations for those wanting to co-design health services, noting the importance of building strong relationships, creating supportive organisational cultures, and developing the evidence base.

Unpacking the Relationship Between COVID‐19‐Related Stress and Quality of Life Among High School Students: A Socio‐Ecological Resilience Perspective

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a serious public health challenge that causes negative effects on adolescents. This study aims to investigate the mediating roles of individual, family and community resilience in the association between COVID‐19‐related stress and quality of life according to the socio‐ecological theory. The sample consists of 814 adolescents from high schools in Zhejiang province, China (mean age = 16.79 years; 51.11% girls), collected by a multi‐stage cluster random sampling. The multiple mediation model is performed by SPSS macro PROCESS. The results show that individual resilience (β = −0.017, 95% CI [−0.044, −0.003]), family resilience (β = −0.028, 95% CI [−0.058, −0.008]) and community resilience (β = −0.031, 95% CI [−0.062, −0.007]) partially mediate the relationship between COVID‐19‐related stress and life satisfaction. Moreover, individual resilience (β = −0.028, 95% CI [−0.056, −0.008]), family resilience (β = −0.017, 95% CI [−0.042, −0.002]) and community resilience (β = −0.033, 95% CI [−0.065, −0.007]) also partially mediate the relationship between COVID‐19‐related stress and subjective well‐being. This study not only elucidates the mediating roles of multidimensional resilience but also provides valuable insights into improving adolescent resilience across different systems.

Fandom meets artificial intelligence: Rethinking participatory culture as human–community–machine interactions

Fandom as an interpretive community is the frontier for rich insights into the multi-layered interactions and practices between individual users, communities and intelligent machines. To understand the challenges and opportunities Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents to contemporary media and culture, we discuss how fans engage with AI, as fandom provides meaningful insights into interactions between individual technology users, the collective and machines. We propose rethinking participatory culture as human–community–machine interactions to understand the wider implications of AI to society and culture. We outline three emerging phenomena and potential consequences of fans’ engagement with AI: (1) fan labour made (un)easy, (2) parasocial interactions (un)familiarised and (3) realities (un)settled. Our conceptualisation transcends existing computer science research, which assumes technology users as isolated individuals and also fan studies, which largely focus on text-audience relationships and tend to take digital technologies for granted as the preconditions of fans’ creative and playful practices.

Who are the best voluntary disseminators on social networking sites? An exploration based on panel data from twitter

PurposeUsers' voluntary forwarding behavior opens a new avenue for companies to promote their brands and products on social networking sites (SNS). However, research on voluntary information disseminators is limited. This paper aims to bring an in-depth understanding of voluntary disseminators by answering the following questions: (1) What is the underlying mechanism by which some users are more enthusiastic to voluntarily forward content of interest? (2) How to identify them? We propose a theoretical model based on the Elaboration-Likelihood Model (ELM) and examine three types of factors that moderate the effect of preference matching on individual forwarding behavior, including personal characteristics, tweet characteristics and sender–receiver relationships.Design/methodology/approachVia Twitter API, we randomly crawled 1967 Twitter users' data to validate the conceptual framework. Each user’s original tweets and retweeted tweets, profile data such as the number of followers and followees and verification status were obtained. The final corpus contains 163,554 data points composed of 1,634 valid twitterers' retweeting behavior. Tweets produced by these core users' followees were also crawled. These data points constitute an unbalanced panel data and we employ different models — fixed-effects, random-effects and pooled logit models — to test the moderation effects. The robustness test shows consistency among these different models.FindingsPreference matching significantly affects users' forwarding behavior, implying that SNS users are more likely to share contents that align with their preferences. In addition, we find that popular users with lots of followers, heavy SNS users who author tweets or forward other-sourced tweets more frequently and users who tend to produce longer original contents are more enthusiastic to disseminate contents of interest. Furthermore, interaction strength has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between preference matching and individuals' forwarding decisions, suggesting that users are more likely to disseminate content of interest when it comes from strong ties. However, the moderating effect of perceived affinity is significantly negative, indicating that an online community of individuals with many common friends is not an ideal place to engage individuals in sharing information.Originality/valueThis work brings about a deep understanding of users' voluntary forwarding behavior of content of interest. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to examine (1) the underlying mechanism by which some users are more likely to voluntarily forward content of interest; and (2) how to identify these potential voluntary disseminators. By extending the ELM, we examine the moderating effect of tweet characteristics, sender–receiver relationships as well as personal characteristics. Our research findings provide practical guidelines for enterprises and government institutions to choose voluntary endorsers when trying to engage individuals in information dissemination on SNS.

Exploring the Psychological Well-Being of Tourism Community Members Through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory: A Case Study of Queenstown, New Zealand

Despite a substantial history of research on the well-being of host communities at tourism destinations, the individual psychological well-being of local residents remains an underexplored topic. This study explores the psychological well-being of tourism host community members through a case study of Queenstown, New Zealand. By drawing on the self-determination theory, an innovative focus group analysis approach, microinterlocutor analysis, complemented by thematic analysis, was used to explain the psychological well-being of individual host community members in a nature-based tourism destination. Findings revealed a sense of autonomy, relatedness to people and the natural environment, feelings of competence or mastery, and beneficence-supported psychological well-being. This study extends prior research on the well-being of host communities by identifying key psychological well-being domains explicitly related to host community members. Practical implications of the findings are highlighted with reference to nature-based destinations.

Kenya's National Security Resilience: Way Forward

This article examines the expanding role of Kenya in addressing emerging security threats in a complex and unpredictable environment, where state response to security threats is being challenged by a wide range of actors and the salience for national security resilience is being awakened. Contemporary security threats to Kenya originate from other states, non-state actors, and disasters. They include; cyber-attacks, misinformation, transnational crimes, terrorism, pandemics, and radicalization. These threats are increasingly pressuring national security institutions and negatively impacting society. National Security Resilience therefore becomes an essential element in ensuring that the state is capable of responding, recovering, and adapting to security tragedies and disasters. The article posits that the whole government approach to security resilience can be further strengthened by expanding the resilience of citizens and communities. It implores that national security resilience not only requires government efforts but also individual and constituent communities' inputs. Contemporary Kenyan society is vastly networked, interdependent, at risk, and more vulnerable to the effects of emerging security threats and events. This makes it vital to have citizens and communities as the cornerstone of national security resilience efforts. It recommends that security efforts should focus on strengthening individual and community resilience.

Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship in Rural Communities in Uttarakhand, India

This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between women empowerment and entrepreneurship in rural communities of Uttarakhand, India. It examines the unique challenges and opportunities faced by women entrepreneurs, analyses government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at fostering their growth, and assesses their impact on individual lives and community development. The paper argues that entrepreneurial ventures present a powerful pathway towards women empowerment, contributing to economic independence, enhanced decision-making power, and social change. However, it also acknowledges the persistent hurdles that hinder progress, calling for holistic and nuanced approaches to support women entrepreneurs in achieving their full potential. Keywords: Women, Entrepreneurship, Rural Communities, Empowerment.

Relationship between intra-community noise tolerance distributions and fitted dose-response funtions

Increasingly, researchers are employing fitted exposure-response functions to not only characterize the relationship between sound level and prevalence of annoyance but also to compare the relative noise tolerance of individual communities. The sound level at which 50% of the population is annoyed has been advanced as a community noise tolerance metric. This paper combines prior research and recent simulations to reframe the discussion in terms of plausible distributions of individual (personal) noise tolerances within a given community; the integrals of those (density) distributions become the (cumulative) observed exposure-response relationships. Various tolerance distributions are developed, their resulting cumulative exposure-response relationships calculated, and the ability of commonly-employed functional forms to represent those cumulative relationships presented. The results of the current investigation strongly suggest that data sets which include annoyance fractions of 50% have the greatest chance of accurately predicting the 50%-annoyed sound level. The further the data set lies from the 50%-annoyed point the more dependent an extrapolated estimation becomes on the fitted functional form accurately representing the true cumulative relationship. Errors of estimation are shown for a number of tolerance distributions, functional forms and experimental data ranges. Finally, some remedial recommendations are offered.

Nutrition related practice of mother’s under-five children

Background: Childhood nutrition; a term which rings the bell in everyone’s mind especially the mothers of a child. Good nutrition for a child is a fact that cannot be denied for a healthier growth of a child. Individual families or communities have their own practices and belief and their own choices regarding their dietary practices. Aims & Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritional knowledge of mothers of under-five children, assess the nutrition related practices of mothers of under-five children and develop multicomponent program for mothers of malnourished children. Methods & Material: An exploratory survey was carried out among 146 mothers of malnourished children. The instruments used were socio-demographic profile, knowledge questionnaire on Nutrition of children and structured questionnaire on Nutrition related practices of mothers. Results: The results revealed that 129 (88.3%) mothers had average knowledge. About 71 (48.6%) mothers had moderately adequate practices and 51 (35%) had inadequate practices regarding nutrition for children. Conclusion: Mothers knowledge and dietary practices they adopt for their child has an invariable effect on their nutritional status.

Research on complex network modeling of building materials supply and demand and characteristics of communities

Currently, China's building materials market is large and the supply and demand transactions are very frequent, which requires us to have a comprehensive understanding of the supply and demand transactions of building materials. Based on complex network theory, this paper constructs a complex network model of supply and demand of building materials. And the Louvain algorithm is also improved to identify and characterize the network community relations based on the characteristics of this network. This paper also applies prefabricated components as an example for empirical research and obtains the following findings: (1) From 2017 to 2022, large- and medium-sized communities in the network gradually increase while small communities gradually decrease; the internal connectivity of large communities is higher than that of small communities; and the regional network also has the structural characteristics of the network. (2) The characteristics of geographic agglomeration gradually emerge in the individual communities in the supply–demand network of prefabricated components with the passage of time. Most of these communities are bounded by provinces, and large-scale communities are distributed in the eastern and southern coastal areas. Thus, this paper visualizes the supply and demand of construction materials to provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for the supply and demand of construction materials and the development of the construction industry.

Leveraging Country Expertise: How Scholars in International Studies Can Support the Asylum Process

Abstract Bridging the divide between research and practice has become a growing concern within international studies. One under-explored avenue through which international studies scholars can enhance their “real world” impact is by serving as country conditions experts in asylum cases. This article provides an overview of the asylum process, the role of country conditions experts within it, and how scholars with in-depth country knowledge can leverage their expertise to make a difference, using examples from the United States and the United Kingdom. It also details several key issues one should consider when deciding whether to undertake expert witness work and the challenges and dilemmas it often entails. Finally, we provide actionable ways for international studies scholars to get involved and expand the community of individuals engaged in expert witnessing.

How healthy are the healthcare staff in a rural health service? A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need to understand the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers in hospital settings. Crises like the COVID-19 pandemic create poor health outcomes for healthcare workers, yet little is understood about underlying patterns of modifiable health determinants. ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the health and wellbeing data of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and inform future healthy intervention activities within the workplace. DesignRepeat cross-sectional study pre-2018 and mid-COVID-19 2020. Setting(s)Rural health service in Victoria, Australia. ParticipantsAll 800 healthcare workers within the health service were invited; of these, 184 (23%) participated at Time 1 and 87 (11%) at Time 2. MethodsDiet, physical activity, sleep behaviours, and psychological distress were collected via online survey in Qualtrics. Pre-COVID-19 pandemic, anthropometry (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), and type 2 diabetes risk were collected by a trained practitioner. However, to reduce burden on healthcare workers mid-COVID-19 pandemic, only self-reported anthropometry was collected. ResultsThe majority of participants were Australian-born females (84% at both timepoints) with half over the age of 45 (63% Time 1, 53% Time 2). Around half worked part-time (49% Time 1, 54% Time 2), over a third full-time (39% Time 1, 36% Time 2), and the majority reported working regular day shifts in the past 3 months (70% Time 1, 65% Time 2). Among this sample, there were few smokers (9% Time 1, 7% Time 2), and two thirds of participants were living with overweight or obesity (64% Time 1, 67% Time 2). Across both time points, compliance with health guidelines was low; 41% (Time 1) and 42% (Time 2) met fruit, 17% (Time 1) and 12% (Time 2) met vegetable, and just under 50% met physical activity guidelines at both time points. Those reporting moderate to very high levels of psychological stress increased from 42% (Time 1) to 59% (Time 2) (p< 0.05). At Time 1, >80% were at intermediate (39%) or high (33%) risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years; and a third (32%) were hypertensive. Reasons for physical inactivity at work included already exercising out-of-work hours (28%), living too far from work (18%), available time (9%), and inflexible work hours (8%). ConclusionsSeveral high-risk health areas along with opportunities for supporting improved wellbeing were identified in this group of healthcare workers. Psychological distress of healthcare workers urgently needs to be addressed, and this is reinforced by the need to understand the longitudinal impact of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers. Workplace settings, such as a health service, is an ideal setting to invest in healthcare workers with individual, organisational, and broader community benefits.

Professional Perspectives on Children's Health Assets: A Delphi Study.

This study aims to describe a local community expert's perspective on the identification of and access to children's health assets and to gather proposals to promote children's health and well-being within their community. The health asset approach is essential for health promotion, and there is evidence of its benefits to individuals' or communities' health when this approach is observed. Children's health assets are gaining increasing interest, but the literature that captures the perception of professionals working with children is scarce. Qualitative research designed with Delphi methodology was carried out with the participation of 25 professionals working in a neighbourhood with children and families. The participants stated that this neighbourhood was a good environment for the healthy and happy growth of children but pointed out that there were inequities. They emphasised the importance of economic and physical security and feeling loved. The absolute best aspects of the neighbourhood according to these experts were its support networks, mutual help, educational and health services, and green spaces, and the most deficient aspects were the possibility of a hopeful future and emotional support within the family unit. Poverty and/or the scarcity of economic resources were identified as the main barriers to accessing health assets. Special difficulties in access to health for migrant and Roma children were also identified. The panel of experts made concrete action proposals. It was recommended to support resources and services that already exist in their community. The experts prioritised work with families, education, working in conjunction with vulnerable groups, community participation, and networking.