Elderly People In Community Research Articles

P1: Clinical value of plasma soluble TREM2 in identifying mild cognitive impairment: A community- based study of the Chinese elderly

Objectives: To clarify that correlation in plasma soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and cognitive function between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognitive function in a Chinese community population, and further to explore whether plasma sTREM2 can be used as a blood biomarker to predict and identify MCI.Methods: This study included 216 community elderly people in Shijiazhuang and Xingtai City, Hebei Province, including 106 MCI and 110 normal cognitive function (NC) subjects. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used, mini mental state examination (MMSE), Boston naming test (BNT), digit span test (DST) to evaluate the cognitive functions of all subjects. Fasting venous blood was collected at the same time, and ELISA was used to detect Aβ42, Aβ40, P-Tau217, P-Tau231, TREM2, sTREM2 concentration. Use software based on SPSS26.0 to analyze the data.Results: 1. The level of sTREM2 in the MCI group was higher than that in NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (H = 4312.0, P = 0.001). There was no statistical significance in the difference of the other index between two groups (P > 0.05). 2.Correlation analysis showed that sTREM2 was negatively correlated with P- tau217, education level, MMSE, MoCA, BNT, and DST (P < 0.05). TREM2 was positively correlated with P-tau217 and Aβ42 (P < 0.05). 3. Incorporate whether it was MCI as the dependent variable, gender, age, education level, living style, and the above blood indicators as independent variables in binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that sTREM2 was a risk factor for MCI (OR = 1.009, 95%CI = 1.002– 1.016, P = 0.015), junior high school education or above was a protective factor for MCI (OR = 6.133, 95 % CI = 2.651–14.189, P < 0.001). 4.The area under the ROC curve of sTREM2 was 0.630 (sensitivity 0.472, specificity 0.782), and the area under the ROC curve of sTREM2 combined with MMSE was 0.849 (sensitivity 0.679, specificity 0.873).Conclusions: sTREM2 is a risk factor for cognitive function decline in MCI. Plasma sTREM2 levels combined with the cognitive function assessment scale have good clinical value in identifying mild cognitive impairment.

노인의 인터넷건강정보추구와 건강문해력이 건강증진행위에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aimed to identify internet health information seeking behavior, health literacy and factors associated with health promotion behaviors in older adults. Methods Participants included 147 elderly people in community. Data were collected from July 20 to August 19, 2023 using self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regression. Results There are significant relationships between internet health information seeking behavior and health literacy( r=.40, p<.001), health promotion behavior and health literacy(r=.23, p=.005). In regression analysis, female gender(β=.324, p<.001) and health literacy(β=.241, p=.002) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior. The regression model was significant(F=13.48, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 14.6%. Conclusions Tailored intervention programs which improve health literacy and adapt to information technology need to be developed for the elderly.

Effect of increased fear of falling on falls in patients undergoing HD: A narrative review.

Increased fear of falling (FOF) increases the risk of falling and is an important issue for living an independent life. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently fall, and this may be attributed to increased FOF due to common fall risk factors as well as severe chronic kidney disease and HD-related factors. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of increased FOF leading to falls in patients undergoing HD. Patients undergoing HD have enhanced FOF compared to community elderly people. Furthermore, an increase in FOF is correlated with a decrease in physical activity and physical function. It has been reported that FOF in patients undergoing HD may be associated with past and future falls, and the risk of falling increases sharply when FOF exceeds a certain threshold. Increased FOF may serve as a fundamental mechanism leading to increased fall risk by interacting with physical inactivity and physical frailty, affecting lower limb muscle activity during walking. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between increased FOF and falls in patients undergoing HD. Regular clinical assessment of FOF is critical for identifying fall risk in patients undergoing HD.

The left temporal transverse cortex is affected by poor sleep quality, which in turn contributes to depressive symptoms in older adults

Sleep quality is critical for improving mental health among older adults. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies examining the correlation between sleep quality and emotional symptoms in the elderly population of China. This study included 496 community elders aged 55 years and older. The participants were divided into two groups based on their scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with 249 being classified as poor sleepers and 247 as good sleepers. All participants were asked to fill out a uniform survey which included details about their demographics, daily habits, and any illnesses they were dealing with. The Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were employed to measure their levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. In addition, 50 healthy individuals also agreed to brain MR imaging. The finding of our study indicated that those with inadequate sleep had higher levels of depression and anxiety, and the overall anxiety and depression score was linked to the total PSQI score in a positive manner; The MRI subgroup analysis revealed that those with inadequate sleep quality had a greater thickness of the left transverse temporal gyrus (p < 0.05). In addition, a Linear regression analysis of the mediation model showed that poor sleep quality would result in higher scores on the GDS, and cortical thickness in the left transverse temporal gyrus played a fully mediated role in this process. Our research indicates that elderly people in community who have difficulty sleeping may be more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression, and this lack of sleep can result in depressive symptoms due to its impact on the thickness of the left transverse temporal cortex.

Hearing aids utilization, effect factors, and its benefit in the association between hearing and cognition decline: A longitudinal follow-up in Shanghai, China

ObjectiveTo explore the rate and effect factors of hearing aids utilization in Chinese community elderly people, as well as the benefit role of hearing aids in the association of hearing loss and cognition decline. MethodsThis study was designed based on a longitudinal 7-years follow-up conducted in Shanghai (China). Demographic characteristics, hearing level, hearing aids utilization and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) of participants were collected by Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. Cognition function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. ResultsHearing aids utilization rate in Chinese community elderly people is below 10 %. Participants with older age (≥80 years old), higher education (7–12 years and >12 years), who can manage money more independently were more likely to use hearing aids (P < 0.05). Whether hearing aids are used or not, hearing level is significantly associated with cognition in elderly people, but participants with hearing aids showed a slower cognitive decline speed. ConclusionHearing aids utilization may slow down the cognition descent via assisting hearing in daily life, so strategies need to be concerned in order to protect hearing function in all elderly and improve the use of hearing aids in HL elderly.

Association between sedentary behavior and force expiratory volume in 1 second reduction in middle-aged and elderly adults in communities

Objective: To analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior and the force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) reduction in middle-aged and elderly people in communities. Methods: The participants aged ≥40 years were randomly selected from a natural population cohort in Songjiang District, Shanghai, for pulmonary function tests and survey by using international physical activity questionnaire, a generalized additive model was used to analyze the association between sedentary behavior and FEV1 reduction in the study population and different sex-age subgroups. Results: A total of 3 121 study subjects aged ≥40 years were included. The prevalence of FEV1 reduction was 14.8%, which was higher in men than in women. There were 24.8% participants were completely sedentary. The prevalence of FEV1 reduction in women aged <60 years in complete sedentary group was 2.04 (95%CI: 1.11-3.72) times higher than that in non-complete sedentary group. In men aged <60 years, the prevalence of FEV1 reduction increased with daily sedentary time (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.04-1.29), and the prevalence of FEV1 reduction was also higher in those with sedentary time >5 hours/day than those with sedentary time ≤5 hours/day (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 1.28-7.16). The sensitivity analysis also found such associations. Conclusions: FEV1 reduction rate in age group <60 years was associated with sedentary behavior. Complete sedentary behavior or absence of moderate to vigorous physical activity played important roles in FEV1 reduction in women, while men were more likely to be affected by increased sedentary time, which had no association with physical activity. Reducing sedentary time to avoid complete sedentary behavior, along with increased physical activity, should be encouraged in middle-aged and elderly adults in communities to improve their pulmonary function.

Associated factors of health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly based on the theory of social ecosystem

ObjectTo explore the factors related to health-promoting lifestyles of the elderly based on social-ecosystem theory. DesignA cross-sectional survey study was carried out to include 627 elderly people in communities in three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou) from October 2021 to January 2022 for questionnaire survey (601 validly returned cases). VenueThree cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou). Participants627 elderly people. InterventionsA cross-sectional survey study. Main measurementsThe questionnaire survey was conducted by using the general demographic data, health promotion life scale, frailty scale, general self-efficacy scale, health engagement scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, The family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. ResultsThe total health promotion lifestyle score for the elderly was 100.20±16.21, which was at the lower limit of the good level, with the highest mean score for nutrition (2.71±0.51) and the lowest mean score for physical activity (2.25±0.56). Stepwise linear regression showed that exercise frequency (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.304–3.885), smoking status (95% CI −4.190 to −1.556), self-efficacy (95% CI 0.071–0.185), health management (95% CI 0.306–0.590), frailty (95% CI −3.327 to −1.162) in the microsystem, marital status (95% CI 0.677–3.660), children's attention to the elderly health (95% CI 4.866–11.305), family care in the mesosystem (95% CI 1.365–4.968), and pre-retirement occupation (95% CI 2.065–3.894), living area (95% CI 0.813–3.912), whether receive community-based chronic disease prevention and management services (95% CI 2.035–8.149), social support (95% CI 1.667–6.493) in the macrosystem were the main factors affecting health promotion of life in the elderly (P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed the microsystem accounted for 17.2%, the mesosystem accounted for 7.1%, and the macrosystem accounted for 11.4%. ConclusionThe health promotion lifestyle of the elderly in Hebei Province was at the lower limit of good level. Among them, exercise frequency, children's attention to the elderly health, and pre-retirement occupation played a major role in relation to the health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly. Hence, it needs the joint action of individuals, families, and society to promote the elderly to adopt the health promotion lifestyle and realize healthy aging.

The relationship between physical activity and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly people.

To investigate the association between diabetes symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data for this study were obtained from 2018 Charles data. Z test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed in 5352 individuals aged ≥50 years with complete information. In terms of diabetes, 6.8% of the middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes were detected, and 93.2% of the middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes symptoms. The proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with high PA levels was 50.5%, and the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with low PA was 49.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between low PA and diabetes (P < .05). After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, registered permanent residence type, education level, age, widowhood) and health status characteristics (poor mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, self-assessment of health status, hypertension, smoking, stroke, depression), there was still a statistical significance between PA level and diabetes (P < .05). The risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people in China increases with age, while the risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people with low level of PA is higher. The risk of diabetes is high among middle-aged and elderly people who are old, have poor self-evaluation health, suffer from hyperlipidemia, memory disease, and asthma. The middle-aged and old people should increase their PA levels to prevent and improve diabetes.

Psychiatric morbidities among old people of a city of Eastern Nepal

Introduction: The data regarding prevalence of overall and common psychiatric disorders among community elderly people are scarce in Nepalese context. Objective: To measure the prevalence of mental problems among old people in a community setting. Methodology: All people of age ≥ 60 years from ‘Urlabari’, a city in eastern Nepal, being members of a local old-age committee were called to participate in this study. A total of 140 old people attended a health-camp and with informed written consent and authority approval, the response to the GHQ-12 and demographic information were collected. The GHQ-12 score ≥2 was adopted for ‘psychiatric caseness’ analysis. However, people with scores ≥4 were assessed by a psychiatrist for further evaluation and management. Diagnoses were made according the ICD-10. Results: Majority (87%) were in age groups of (61-70) and (71-80) years. Many (44%) had stressors, common being: dispute with family, illness and death of close person. Many old people had health complaints; mainly physical/ somatic, mood and anxiety symptoms. About 2/5th subjects 55 (39.29%) had GHQ-12 score ≥2 and 26.43% had ≥3; i.e. ‘psychiatric caseness’. Among the subjects with score ≥4 (23) assessed for psychiatric diagnosis, 21 (91.30%) had some ICD-10 diagnosis. Depression, adjustment and anxiety disorders were common diagnoses, and 2% had suicidality. Conclusion: A remarkable proportion of old people had current ‘psychiatric caseness’. Common mental disorders were depression, adjustment and anxiety disorders among elder people.

Evaluation and influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly in Chengdu.

This study aimed to investigate the oral health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly in Chengdu and analyze the influencing factors. Six hundred middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu were randomly selected, and their demographic and social characteristics, general health status, oral health behavior, and other information were investigated. The oral health-related quality of life of these individuals was evaluated using the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). The score of oral health-related quality of life was 3.91±6.67, and regression analysis results indicated that its influencing factors included income level (OR=0.387, P<0.05), chronic diseases (OR=0.665, P<0.05), oral diseases (OR=0.260, P<0.05), self-evaluation of mental health status (OR=0.338, P<0.05), brushing teeth twice a day (OR=1.846, P<0.05), smoking (OR=0.566, P<0.05), oral health awareness (OR=2.431, P<0.05), and convenience of medical treatment (OR=0.499, P<0.05). Oral health-related quality of life is affected by multiple factors. Comprehensive oral intervention measures should be actively carried out to improve the oral health behavior of residents and oral health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people in communities.

An Increased Aspartate to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Cognitive Impairment.

BackgroundRecent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hypotheses implicate that hepatic metabolic disorders might contribute to the disease pathogenesis of AD, but the mechanism remains unclear.AimsTo investigate whether the elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio is associated with future cognitive decline, and to explore the possible mechanisms of liver enzymes affecting cognitive function.MethodsThree different clinical cohorts were included in the current study, including one cross-sectional study (Cohort 1) and two longitudinal follow-up studies (Cohort 2 and 3). All participants completed a detailed clinical evaluation, neuropsychological tests, and liver enzyme tests. In addition, some of them also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.ResultsCohort 1 was derived from the CRC2017ZD02 program, including 135 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, 22 AD patients, and 319 normal controls. In this cross-sectional study, we found that the AST/ALT ratio was associated with AD (p = 0.014, OR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.133∼3.012), but not aMCI; Cohort 2 was derived from the Shanghai Brain Health Program. A total of 260 community elderly people with normal cognitive function were included in the study and followed up for 2 years. In this 2-year longitudinal follow-up study, we found that a higher AST/ALT ratio was a risk factor for future development of aMCI (p = 0.014, HR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.133∼3.021); Cohort 3 was derived from the China longitudinal aging study (CLAS) Program. A total of 94 community elderly people with normal cognitive function were followed up for 7 years, and all of them completed MRI scans. In this 7-year longitudinal follow-up study, we found that a higher AST/ALT ratio was a risk factor for future development of aMCI (p = 0.006, HR = 2.247, 95%CI: 1.248∼4.049), and the AST/ALT ratio was negatively correlated with right hippocampal volume (r = −0.148, p = 0.043).ConclusionAn increased ratio of AST to ALT is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment and may impair cognitive function by affecting hippocampal volume.

Benchmarking Socio-Economic Impacts of High-Speed Rail Networks Using K-Nearest Neighbour and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Techniques through Computational Model-Based Analysis

Not only have high-speed rail (HSR) services stimulated the economy of many countries, but they have also significantly uplifted quality of lives (QoL) of countless people. For many decades, the aspiration for HSR network development has dramatically risen, and HSR networks have inevitably become an icon of civilisation. However, only a few successful HSR networks globally can truly generate socio-economic impacts on their societies. This research aims to understand the impact of HSR networks on social and economic impacts and to provide recommendations for success. This study is the world’s first to examine the benefits of HSR across all community demographic groups, including young and elderly people. The findings will illustrate the QoL, economic, and educational elements’ advantages in explicit terms. It has established two interconnected models via Python to codify a novel customised model for socio-economic evaluation. ‘Pearson correlation coefficient’ and ‘K-Nearest Neighbour’ techniques are applied to bolster the reliability of the research findings. The outcomes have been reviewed by 30 international HSR specialists. The benchmarking exhibits that socio-economic impacts apparently occur across vast areas. The insight stemming from this benchmarking also offers policy implications and empirical data for long-term HSR improvement, assisting the government in developing new methods for sustainable communities.

Functional deficit of sense organs as a risk factor for cognitive functional disorder in Chinese community elderly people.

To explore the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sense organs functional deficit in community elderly people. A total of 3095 community elderly people above 60years in Hebei Province were selected by cross-sectional random cluster sampling method, who were evaluated face-to-face for general demographic data, the condition of sense organs functional deficit (vision, hearing, gustation, olfactory sensation, taste) and cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A total of 3075 valid questionnaires were obtained. (a) 1368 old people (44.49%) were defined with sense organs functional deficit (defined as one or more of glaucoma, fundus disease, hearing impairment, olfactory disorder and taste disorder) in 3095 elderly people. According to questionnaires, MCI was diagnosed in 689 of 3075 participants (22.41%). The hearing disorder and glaucoma of MCI group were higher than that of the normal control group (X2 were 5.998 and 7.430, respectively, P were .014 and .006, respectively). (b) The MMSE score of the hearing disorder were significantly lower than those of non-hearing disorder group (t=2.046, P=.041). (c) Multinomial logistics regression analysis was applied by MCI as the dependent variable and the various sensory organs defects as independent variables. The hearing impairment (Wald=8.582, P=.003, OR=1.485, 95% CI: 1.140-1.934) and glaucoma (Wald=8.020, P=.005, OR=1.847, 95% CI: 1.208-2.824) were associated with MCI. The sensory organs functional defects is associated with the mild cognitive impartment in Chinese elderly, especially in vision and hearing disorder.

The effect of oral nutritional supplements on the nutritional status of community elderly people with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition.

To evaluate the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on community elderly people with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. A single arm intervention trial for 3 months was conducted. Whole nutrient powder was given to all the participants. Dietary intakes were measured by 3-day diet record. Nutritional status was evaluated using body weight, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC), and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) scores. Muscle mass was measured by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). All these parameters as well as muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life were measured at both the baseline and the end. Compared with the baseline, ONS increased protein intake (58.32±16.67 vs 41.90±18.49 g/d, p<0.001), body weight (57.03±8.31 vs 56.68±8.23 kg, p<0.05), BMI (22.16±2.13 vs 22.02±2.08 kg/m2, p<0.05), CC (34.21±2.53 vs 33.80±2.53 cm, p<0.001), MNA-SF scores (12.61±1.43 vs 10.48±0.99, p<0.05), hand grip strength (24.54±8.05 vs 23.27±7.74 kg, p<0.001), and 6-m gait speed (1.11±0.33 vs 0.96±0.28 m/s, p<0.001). Moreover, SF-36 scores of the overall subjects have been improved in all dimensions (p<0.05). The study demonstrated that ONS can effectively increase protein intake and improve nutritional status, muscle strength, physical function and quality of life of the elderly with malnutrition or malnutrition risk in communities.

Associations between the quality of life in sarcopenia measured with the SarQoL\xae and nutritional status

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and health-related quality of life after adjusting for essential factors of muscle mass, calf circumference, grip strength, and the timed up and go (TUG) test for diagnosis of sarcopenia.MethodsThe subjects of this study were those who visited a health care center or a senior welfare center among the aged 65 years or older living in a community in two counties (Jinju, Sacheon), and the survey was conducted from April to August 2019. Among them, those with cardiovascular disease, cognitive disorder, or malignancy were excluded. To determine the nutritional status of the elderly subjects, a questionnaire-based screening tool called DETERMINE was used. Developed as a health-related quality of life tool for sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia-specific Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire was used. For screening of sarcopenia, a rapid questionnaire based on self-reported information about falls, mobility, and strength known as the SARC-F questionnaire was used. Assessment of sarcopenia included skeletal muscle mass, calf circumference, grip strength, and the TUG test.ResultsA total of 324 elderly people living in rural villages who were able to move to senior and welfare centers was surveyed. As a result of evaluating the association between SarQoL and nutritional risk in elderly subjects, the association was statistically significant in the moderate-risk group (B = − 5.542, p = 0.001) and in the high-risk group (B = − 8.136, p < 0.001) in comparison to the low-risk group. Significant correlations were found in all seven domains of SarQoL, except the fear domain.ConclusionsThis study confirms an association between quality of life dimensions surveyed by the SarQoL questionnaire and nutritional status in elderly subjects. Therefore, appropriate interventions are needed following brief evaluation of sarcopenia and nutritional deficiency among elderly people in communities.

Patterns of instrumental activities of daily living between community-dwelling older adults.

ABSTRACTThe ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is an important marker within the aging process, as it reflects the level of independence to perform in the real world. However, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the different performance profiles among older adults.Objective:To investigate the heterogeneity present in the community of elderly people, grouping them based on characteristics and patterns observed through an objective performance-based assessment.Methods:Participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: fluency in Portuguese, 360 years, regular participation in a social program offered by the government of Rio de Janeiro, and absence of a caregiver. The evaluation of IADLs was determined by the total and brief version of the University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and the Lawton and Brody IADL scale. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to characterize the sample, in addition to the Geriatric Depression Scale. A total of 61 elderly people with an average age of 72.5 years, predominantly females (85.2%), and average education of 11.2 were evaluated and grouped according to their performance at UPSA through clustering analysis.Results:The analysis revealed three grouping patterns, subdividing the sample into subgroups that differed significantly in terms of age, education, global cognition, and all instrumental activities assessed by UPSA — planning, finance, communication, transportation, and household chores.Conclusions:This study was able to identify the heterogeneity present between the elderly people in the different factors that compose the IADLs through a performance-based assessment.

INTEGRATION INTO THE COMMUNITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES

The topic "Integration in the community of elderly people with mental disabilities" is an important topic forsocial assistance because at present there are relatively few opportunities for integration or social reintegration of people with mental health problems. If mental illness is treated in specialized institutions - clinics, hospitals and psychiatric wards - where patients receive specialized treatment and counseling, the same cannot be said about the actions of integration or social reintegration of those mentally affected at discharge from these units

지역사회 노인들의 여가스포츠 활동이 문화적 가치성향 및 사회적 연결감에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 지역사회 노인들의 여가스포츠 활동이 문화적 가치성향 및 사회적 연결감에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있으며, 강원도 영동지역에 거주하고, 문화센터, 자치센터, 복지회관, 경로당에서 여가스포츠 활동을 하고 있는 만 65세 이상 노인들을 모집단으로 표본을 추출하였다. 첫째, 지역사회 노인들의 여가스포츠 활동과 문화적 가치성향의 관계를 분석한 결과 적극성은 수직적 개인주의, 수직적 집단주의, 수평적 개인주의에 조직력은 수직적 개인주의, 수직적 집단주의 에 각각 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지역사회 노인들의 여가스포츠 활동과 사회적 연결감의 관계를 분석한 결과 적극성은 유대감과 사회적 소속감에 문제해결과 조직력은 유대감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지역사회 노인들의 여가스포츠 활동과 문화적 가치성향 및 사회적 연결감 간의 인과적 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Reliability and validity test of Chinese version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool

Objective To translate the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) into Chinese and examine the Chinese version of OHAT's reliability and validity. Methods The scale was translated according to Brislin's two-person translation and back-translation model and was modified and adjusted through expert consultation and small sample pre-experiment to form the Chinese version of OHAT. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the scale, 200 community elderly people were selected for oral health assessment by convenience sampling method from January to February 2018. Results There were 8 items in the Chinese version of OHAT, the critical ratio of each item had statistical significance (P< 0.01) , the scale content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.875, and the item-content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.80-1.00. Three common factors were extracted from the scale, the cumulative contribution rate was 65.218%, and the factor load of each item was more than 0.4. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.710 and the retest reliability was 0.811. Conclusions OHAT reflects the oral health status of the elderly. The Chinese version of OHAT has good reliability and validity and can be used as a tool for oral health assessment of the elderly in China. Key words: Aged; Oral health; Assessment; Validity and reliability; Translate the scale into Chinese

Research on Service Design of Community Medical Facilities Based on Aging-appropriate and Elderly-centered

Research on urban community medical service facilities, from the perspective of service design methods, combined with the community medical service system, according to the needs of the community elderly, analyze the needs of community elderly for community medical service facilities, and seek contact points between community elderly and medical facilities. Conceive community health services and build medical service facilities that meet the needs of the elderly in the community. Through the optimal design of the urban community medical facilities service system, the effectiveness of community medical service facilities will be further improved, thereby improving the satisfaction of community elderly people on community public medical service facilities, and providing reference for the research of community medical facilities service system and service mode design.