AbstractHurricane María severely disturbed Puerto Rico's forests, including their vegetation and animal communities. One of the main links on the trophic chains of these forests is amphibians of the Eleutherodactylus genus. This study quantifies the effect that Hurricane María had on the Eleutherodactylus communities by using passive acoustic monitoring. Methods included species richness and calling activity comparisons of each species present in the studied sites. Because of how energetically costly vocalizing is for anurans, calling activity can be used as a measurement of how these frogs are recovering after the disturbance. Results showed that the species’ responses to the disturbance were heterogeneous and site‐dependent. Eleutherodactylus antillensis and E. brittoni were the only colonizer species increasing in both calling activity (52% and 28%) and occurrence. E. wightmanae and E. coqui appeared in the same number of sites both before and after the hurricane, but did reduce their calling activity (11% and 6%). E. richmondi and E. cochranae decreased their calling activity (7.5% and 43%) and appeared in fewer sites post‐hurricane. The only species that did not change its activity or occurrence post‐hurricane was E. portoricensis. This study shows that passive acoustic monitoring can be a useful tool to survey the effect of large‐scale disturbances on amphibian communities. This is the first study quantifying the effects of a Category 4 hurricane on the Eleutherodactylus communities of southeastern Puerto Rico.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.