Abstract. Haemolytic disease of the newborn in Zambian children has been investigated. Of 740 newborn children, 21 (2.8%) have been found to have a positive modified anti‐human globulin test; in 19, this was due to ABO incompatibility. On the other hand, nearly as many children in this series were found who were jaundiced for a reason that was not discovered. They were a more serious problem clinically.Since the introduction of serum for the prophylaxis of Rh disease in Zambia, 167 Rh‐negative antenatal women have been discovered. Nearly 5% of these have been found to show evidence of immunization.