Communities In Cyberspace Research Articles

Analysis of Sharia Economic Law on Video Reupload Practices by Facebook Fanpages User

Facebook Fanspage is a feature on Facebook widely used by brands to build their community in cyberspace. Facebook currently has provided a Facebook Fanspage feature where users can upload any type of video, not even a few of the users who get rewards or fees from uploading videos on the Facebook Fanspage page. However, it does not mean that it is without problems, one of the problems that still occurs on Facebook Fanspage is that many cases of copyright infringement on the site, such as the practice of re-uploading for example. The study examines how the validity of income obtained from reuploading activities is viewed from the perspective of ibtikar right in sharia economic law. The research is a type of field research. The results of the research are that it is illegal to reupload videos carried out solely for personal gain without giving royalties to the producer/ related label. In other words, the act is the same as a merchant selling goods belonging to someone else without the permission of the owner. Copyright in Islam is known as the ibtikar right which is a copyright attached to the owner of the original video and part of intellectual property, both material and immaterial. Thus, it must be legally protected. Islam highly respects copyright as a personal property right so that the right of ibtikar is included in the Maqashid Sharia to maintain the existence of property ownership of every Muslim. Every property that results from the act of reuploading videos in Islam is unlawful, because it is included in violating the rights of others.
 Keywords: Ibtikar right, Facebook, Facebook Fanspage, Reward

Global Cyber Governance in China: Towards Building a Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace

At the Second World Internet Conference in 2015, the Chinese President put forward the advocacy of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace. In recent years, with the gradual and widespread recognition of the concept of a cyberspace community with a shared future, how to promote the specific construction of the cyberspace community with a shared future has become a focus. The international community, including Europe and the United States, emerging countries and developing countries, is already in a cyberspace as a whole. Jointly building a community with a shared future in cyberspace can better deal with common network problems, explore the community of cyberspace conflict of cyberspace value, cyberspace security threatened, cyberspace interests game three main practical problems, and explore the benefits and value of cyberspace community for the members of the international community, form from promoting discussion, expand consensus, strengthen construction, seek to collaborative path innovation, can actively promote the effective governance of the global network.

Pola Komunikasi Keagamaan Masyarakat Muslim di Ruang Digital

The Covid-19 pandemic has colored the phenomenon of shifting patterns of religious communication among Muslim communities in cyberspace which is considered more efficient, interactive and varied. Some religious activities that are commonly found include online tahlilan, scientific studies, Islamic motivational seminars, khataman and the Qur'an via WhatsApp Group. Religious activities are usually carried out face-to-face and are accommodated in a taklim assembly or holy place, but since the emergence of the pandemic, many religious rituals are spent through virtual space. Religious activities carried out by the Muslim community through cyberspace have actually widened the distance between entities. Because there is no face-to-face meeting (physical), one's expressions, non-verbal messages and emotions are not represented, because they only rely on a touch of the screen (face to screen). While this research method is descriptive qualitative with virtual ethnographic research type. The results of the research findings are that the phenomenon of religious activity in virtual space can slowly reduce the value of sacredness, solemnity, and even blessing in carrying out religious rituals. In addition, the shift in religious communication is not only limited as a communication tool, but has expanded as a construction of Muslim community identity and an arena for meeting religious symbols. Entities can simultaneously produce messages to audiences, and at the same time, entities can produce content that is sometimes unclear to whom.
 
 Key Word : Communication Shift, Muslim Society, Covid-19 Pandemic

Проблема сексуального насильства над дітьми в цифровому середовищі

Variouns means of communication, the Internet is an integral part of society in general and children in particular. There are no official statistics on the number of children on the Internet, but according to various studies, the most active Internet users are young people, especially adolescents. On the one hand, it is a means of increasing erudition and communication skills, and on the other – a situation of increased risk of confrontation with some threats to the virtual world: from fraud to drug trafficking and sexual violence online. At the same time, against the background of declining general morality in society, the variability of values in the sexual sphere and other negative trends exacerbate the problem of sexual assault on children, which requires urgent measures to prevent and combat them. With the rapid development of modern Internet technologies, humanity has not only faced the latest opportunities, but also faced new risks and threats. In particular, the spread of child pornography, sexting, grooming, etc. has become a problem common to most countries in the world, including Ukraine, which is one of the largest producers of child pornography in the world. The author emphasizes that such illegal content is evidence of violence against children and, at the same time, a sign of sexual deviation among consumers of this product, for whom Internet technology is a tool for accessing, storing, distributing, sharing and creating child pornography. It is emphasized that thanks to digital technologies, the Internet has made it much easier for criminals to establish contact with minors, who often behave carelessly and recklessly in virtual communication, in particular, easily agree to share personal information and even send candid photos to virtual “friends”. Thus, there is a need to raise children’s awareness of online risks by teaching safe behavior in the digital environment. The article emphasizes that Ukraine has a rather limited toolkit of legal means to combat sexual violence online and harmful communication in cyberspace. Therefore, improving the protection of children in the digital environment is a priority today.

Model of Information System Communication in Aggressive Cyberspace: Reliability, Functional Safety, Economics

The manuscript presents a mathematical apparatus for modeling the process of operation of the information system in the conditions of aggressive cyberspace, for which the corresponding parameter is provided. The highlight is that the simulation is carried out in the parametric space of reliability indicators, functional safety indicators, and economic indicators. The generalizing parameter in the mathematical apparatus is the coefficient of efficiency of operation of the studied system. It considers the accumulated parameter of efficiency of functioning of the studied system, the accompanying risk of its operation, and the number of resources invested in cybersecurity measures at its design stage. The connection of this coefficient with the probability of the information system transition to a non-functional state due to the realization of negative impact despite the resistance to cyber immune reaction is analytically described. The mathematical apparatus is developed to consider the errors of the first and second kind in identifying the negative impact on the information system. The search for the extreme value of the coefficient of the information system’s efficiency from the number of resources invested in its cybersecurity measures is described considering the characteristic parameters of cyberspace in which the studied system is operated. The functionality of the created mathematical apparatus is demonstrated in the example of a study of a real information system of the Situational Center of the Department of Information Technologies of the Vinnytsia City Council (Ukraine). The results obtained showed that the amount of funds invested in cybersecurity at the design stage of the studied information system is sufficient for its operation in cyberspace, typical for the region. At the same time, the growth dynamics of the accumulated operational efficiency characteristics outpaces the growth dynamics of the characteristics of the risk of studied information system operation. The simulation results coincide entirely with the empirical experience of the studied system operation, which allows us to recognize the created mathematical apparatus as adequate. The simulation showed that when the value of the probability of incorrect identification of the negative impact level intersects the value of ≈0.007, the studied system operational efficiency coefficient begins to decline rapidly. It indicates that the amount of resources invested in cybersecurity of the studied information system is exhausted.

Аналіз підходів до впливу на особистість інтернет-комунікації: тенденції і фактори

The objective of the study is to determine the available approaches to the impact on the indi-vidual of network communication. Due to impact of online multimedia on public communica-tion the vector of communicative acts was reoriented in the direction of local groups, the sector of private interests and hobbies. As a result, a numerous communication platforms were formed. The social cyberspace community is a form of social life of people, which for the first time in human history has a global, supranational, supra-class and supra-political character. The article analyzes the changes that occur with the network users‟ mentality and their consciousness. The effect is further enhanced by the fact that it is often in tune with their psychological needs and aspirations. In other words, there is a shift of emphasis from analytical activity in favor of search activity. Research methods. An analytical approach was used in the research that makes it possible to compare the existing knowledge obtained as a result of individual empirical studies and the modern theoretical ideas about the specifics of Internet space. The article rethinks the factor of the actor‟s communication role in the network, as well as the factors of its transformation and personality modeling under the influence of network communication. Research results. According to the analyzed views on transformation of consciousness due to the influence of network communication, it can be concluded that the changes in the mental model of the networks active user are primarily due to high levels of information saturation of the Internet, the ability to obtain information from many sources, the processes of inversion and destruction of temporal structures as well as the possibility of playing virtual scenarios of nega-tive events related to such themes as evil, death, poverty, etc. The specifics of mental models of views of the world for the active Internet users are also a large number of decentralized and idealistic models of the world, which focus on remote real-world objects and a significant tendency to escapism.

A CUBIC EL-GAMAL ENCRYPTION SCHEME BASED ON LUCAS SEQUENCE AND ELLIPTIC CURVE

The public key cryptosystem is fundamental in safeguard communication in cyberspace. This paper described a new cryptosystem analogous to El-Gamal encryption scheme, which utilizing the Lucas sequence and Elliptic Curve. Similar to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), the proposed cryptosystem requires a precise hard mathematical problem as the essential part of security strength. The chosen plaintext attack (CPA) was employed to investigate the security of this cryptosystem. The result shows that the system is vulnerable against the CPA when the sender decrypts a plaintext with modified public key, where the cryptanalyst able to break the security of the proposed cryptosystem by recovering the plaintext even without knowing the secret key from either the sender or receiver.

A CUBIC EL-GAMAL ENCRYPTION SCHEME BASED ON LUCAS SEQUENCE AND ELLIPTIC CURVE

The public key cryptosystem is fundamental in safeguard communication in cyberspace. This paper described a new cryptosystem analogous to El-Gamal encryption scheme, which utilizing the Lucas sequence and Elliptic Curve. Similar to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), the proposed cryptosystem requires a precise hard mathematical problem as the essential part of security strength. The chosen plaintext attack (CPA) was employed to investigate the security of this cryptosystem. The result shows that the system is vulnerable against the CPA when the sender decrypts a plaintext with modified public key, where the cryptanalyst able to break the security of the proposed cryptosystem by recovering the plaintext even without knowing the secret key from either the sender or receiver.

Christian perspective on the tolerance of Christian religious education teachers and students in the era of disruption

Amid the swift currents of globalization triggered by the explosion of the information technology revolution, conflicts often occur on issues of discrimination on race, class, and religion. Religions face challenges in resolving controversies and violent behavior and maintaining harmony between religious communities. Christian Religious Education educators need to teach their students positive responses to plurality and pluralism in Indonesia. The most important thing is the impact on students. Research using descriptive qualitative research methods concludes: first, there is a need to increase pluralism in the frame of a pluralistic society and an era of disruption. Second, believers, in this case, Christian Religious Education teachers and students, should understand pluralism from a biblical point of view. Third, Christian Religious Education teachers and students are responsible for actualizing an attitude of tolerance towards a pluralistic society both in society in everyday life and in behavior in cyberspace communities based on a biblical understanding of pluralism. Fourth, Christian Religious Education teachers act as students' guides and counselors to develop an attitude of state life and socialize in a pluralistic society in building togetherness without any form of identity politics.

Studi Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Perilaku Belajar, Interaksi Sosial dan Tingkat Spiritual Mahasiswa

The study aims to analyze learning behavior, social interaction and spiritual level of UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa students due to the pandemic Covid-19 in order to be able to prepare and do the right things in the era of adapting new habits. This study was quantitative research and used cross-sectional design. Samples that were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using online questionnaire. The impact of the covid-19 pandemic for students in college activities is (1)the adjustment of online method, because some areas are constrained by internet signal, quotas, learning platforms, etc. (2) social communication in cyberspace has increased, as a result of not being able to meet face-to-face directly and (3) the spiritual level of students is in the good category. Students have more time to correct themselves to be better, more resilient, and take lessons from what happened

Pesantren Virtual: Dinamisasi atau Disrupsi Pesantren?

The industrial revolution that penetrated the world of education forced Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren), as part of education, to mutate in new form to find the ideal format as an adaptive step to keep up to date. Pesantren which have a cultural base of traditional society make various efforts to make acculturation with technology. The efforts of these pesantren can be seen from the number of pesantren websites, which provide information about pesantren and religious programs online. On the other hand, virtual pesantren have also emerged, which do not have a real pesantren institutional base in the community, using online media as an operational base. Some of these virtual Islamic boarding schools have strong buildings in cyberspace, with a wider reach than Islamic boarding schools. Its flexible and open nature makes virtual pesantren have their own community in cyberspace. Furthermore, problems arise when virtual Islamic boarding schools intersect with conventional Pesantren in cyberspace. This research is a library research that uses printed and online media as data sources. This study aims to find differences in the characteristics of virtual pesantren, and their relationship with the dynamics of pesantren in the era 4.0. From the content analysis conducted at several virtual pesantren, it was found that some of them used the same name as real pesantren, thus creating ambiguity of virtual pesantren

Evolution of the Digitally Mediated Public Sphere in Russia, 2012-2018

This paper uses a social media perspective to describe the evolution of the Russian social and political landscape in cyberspace over a period of seven years, which no other paper to date has mapped and explored. We use network analysis and language models to compare Russian users of Twitter and Facebook from 2012 to 2018. Over this period, politically active communities grew ten-fold in prevalence and presently dominate discussion in Russian cyberspace. Russian state-sponsored media and disinformation outlets monopolize the Russian landscapes of both Twitter and Facebook platforms. For example, content pushed by pro-Putin communities is highly focused on the Ukraine conflict and supported by official government accounts, whereas content from anti-Putin communities is on a wide range of topics and lacks official government support. These advantages enable pro-Putin communities to reach a bigger audience and influence the Russian population more effectively relative to anti-Putin communities. Language models corroborate these findings and show an increasing prevalence of political topics in communication among both groups over time. Together, these results expand our understanding of political communication in cyberspace via network and language dynamics and provide a richer context for understanding and explaining the results of recent work on the social effects of online disinformation campaigns and government efforts to shape social media and discourse.

Students’ Self Identity Model on Social Media Instagram: A Case of Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon West Java, Indonesia

The presence of Instagram social media provides a space for communication and interaction in cyberspace. The students will do various ways to maintain their existence in their environment. The purpose of this study is to find out the student identity model on social media Instagram at Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon City which consists of; 1. To see student identity using Instagram, 2. To see student identity on social media Instagram, 3. To see the hierarchy of student identity on social media Instagram, 4. To see student models of self-identity on social media Instagram. The research method used is by using a qualitative descriptive approach with a constructivism paradigm and using a phenomenological research design. The population in the study of students who are active on Instagram's, while the informant retrieval technique was carried out by purposive sampling as many as 12 informants who actively use Instagram.The instrument used to collect data conducted by interviewing informants, observation is also carried out such as by capturing posts and sentences on their Instagram media accounts as well as from being obtained from references to books and journals and other documentation. Data were analyzed by describing phenomena or experiences experienced by the subject, then finding statements and grouping them into a meaningful unit, then detailing these units and writing a text explanation of their experiences accompanied by examples carefully, then reflecting their thoughts using structural descriptions by searching the whole meaning by considering the frame of reference for the symptoms and constructing how these symptoms are experienced, then constructing the entire explanation of the meaning and essence of the experience. The results of the study found that young Instagram users have a clear stance, goals and desires, they actively construct themselves as a student identity including displays, reality and agents on social media in the form of photo posts, videos, status updates and instances, as well as giving emojis and give each other comments. The self-commitment to identity is accepted as a reinforcement of their identity and becomes their self-concept. Users are also recognized for their identity in organizations, the hobby community, and academics. The Students' self-identity models in Instagram social media that occur by being introduced and reinforced by their self-concept and it is expected that the function of social media is used for positive things related to the development of student identity as late teens and as the nation's successor who has a firm stand with high integrity and can avoid a high "narcissistic" culture which can also be a reference for students. at other universities.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYBERCULTURE

Artificial intelligence and cyberculture adopt our values. The world of cyberspace has developed new standards of cooperation and communication. A huge number of Internet users use many services on the Internet. This has led to a revision of many deadlines, such as cooperation, organization of leisure time, the resolution of official matters. Millions of people around the world belong to various supranational social organizations and platforms. Artificial intelligence collects all the information about us and our actions on the Internet. Cyberculture arose spontaneously, ignoring nationality or religion, ignoring the geography of the world, and ignoring a person's physical boundaries or financial status, linguistic differences, or cultural affiliation in the modern sense. All components of culture have been ignored by her, and the conditions in the era of virtual reality are very favorable for its development. It is even becoming a mind on a global scale: Internet users often physically stay in a certain place, but their mind is already fixed in cyberspace. Often virtual reality seems to promise us more than it can give. Direct communication in cyberspace gives us a sense of "here and there", a sense of intimacy, but that intimacy is not filled with the physical and emotional presence of a real person. The changes that are taking place in cyberspace with the help of artificial intelligence, which works on the basis of data that each user enters into the network, are actively discussed. Cyberculture is also the subject of much research and is a much deeper concept than just a combination of culture and technology. Although there is still no institutional framework and codified appropriate terminology to confirm this new phenomenon. The birth of a new culture is extremely interesting. The main purpose of the publication is to draw attention to a very interesting process of development of a new culture - cyberculture, which arose from a combination of artificial intelligence and analytical computer science. The paper analyses interaction and interconnection of cyberculture and modern information technologies and science.

Context-Based Expert Finding in Online Communities Using Ant Colony Algorithm

Online communities are the most popular interactive environments on the Internet, which provide users with a platform to share their knowledge and expertise. The most important use of online communities in cyberspace is sharing knowledge. These communities are a great place to ask questions and find answers. The important challenges of these communities are the large volume of information and the lack of a method to determine their validity as well as expert finding which attracted a lot of attention in both industry and academia in. Therefore, identifying persons with relevant knowledge on a given topic and ranking them according to their expertise score can help to calculate the accuracy of the comments submitted on the internet. In this research, a model for finding experts and determining their domain expertise level by the aid of statistical calculations and the ant colony algorithm in the MetaFilter online community was presented. The WordNet Dictionary was used to determine the relevance of the user’s questions with the intended domain. The proposed algorithm determines the level of people’s expertise in the intended field by using the pheromone section of the Ant colony algorithm, which is based on the similarity of the questions sent by the users and the shared knowledge of the users from their interactions in the online community

Peranan Media Sosial Sebagai Agen Sosialisasi Halal dalam Membangun Kesadaran Halal: Studi Netnografi

This study aims to determine public behavior related to the use of social media as a source of information and knowledge about halal and the role of social media and its function as an agent of socialization to transfer knowledge and information about halal and build halal awareness in the community. This research was conducted with a Netnographic study. Netnography is an interpretive approach to study consumer behavior from various cultures and communities in cyberspace or the Internet. This approach is also referred to as "digital ethnography" or "virtual ethnography". This study uses the 'halal corner' virtual community account as the object of study and data source to observe the process of transferring halal information and knowledge in shaping halal awareness in the community. This research found that social media acts as an agent for halal socialization and plays a role in shaping halal awareness of Muslim communities.

Understanding cyberbullying: Hannah Arendt’s public-private-social distinctions and online communication

ABSTRACT This paper asks, “How might Hannah Arendt guide an understanding of cyberbullying attentive to its implications for the public, private, and social realms of contemporary life?” Arendt’s philosophical distinctions can guide understandings of cyberbullying and response strategies that can constructively shape user communication in cyberspace. This paper contends that attentiveness to public and private differentiations can supply a background that informs foreground communication in online contexts that mitigate instances of cyberbullying. The paper first examines the ways in which cyberspace changes interpersonal communication in public and private life. Next, the paper identifies response strategies to cyberbullying from the field of communication, including corporate/institutional cyber discourse, regulatory mechanisms, and bystander intervention. Third, the paper turns to Arendt and theorists extending her work to understand the communication constituting private, public, and social spheres. The paper concludes with implications from the study grounded in the contention that Arendt’s vita contemplativa can act as an antecedent to the vita activa – contemplation and reflection should accompany action to ensure that communication is thoughtful.

A Study on the Cause Analysis of Cyberbullying in Korean Adolescents.

With the development of information and communication technology, online communication is becoming more active than offline meetings in daily life. This online communication is accelerating, especially as smartphone distribution and utilization become more prevalent. This communication in cyberspace has the advantage of people being able to communicate anytime, anywhere beyond time and place, while causing a variety of inappropriate consequences. A typical one is cyberbullying, which is a serious problem for adolescents who have active communication online. The purpose of this study is to accurately investigate and analyze the status of cyberbullying among adolescents. To this end, national survey data of the National Information Society Agency (NIA) was analyzed for the past three years. The population size and sample size from 2017 to 2019 were 5.773.998 and 4500 (2017), 5,663,725 and 4662 (2018), 5,502,801 and 4779 (2019), respectively. The statistical analysis shows that the biggest type of cyberbullying among adolescents is verbal abuse, and the biggest means is instant messaging. In addition, the most frequent forms of cyberbullying victims and cyberbullying perpetrators occur between individuals. In addition, the correlation between the interpersonal relationships of adolescents and the cyberbullying experience rate were analyzed, and various cyberbullying factors such as psychological factors were analyzed. As a result, we found that the interaction with parents and friendship reliability have a negative correlation with the cyberbullying experience rate. We expect the results of this study to be of great help to future research and policies of juvenile cyberbullying.

A New LSB Attack on Special-Structured RSA Primes

Asymmetric key cryptosystem is a vital element in securing our communication in cyberspace. It encrypts our transmitting data and authenticates the originality and integrity of the data. The Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem is highly regarded as one of the most deployed public-key cryptosystem today. Previous attacks on the cryptosystem focus on the effort to weaken the hardness of integer factorization problem, embedded in the RSA modulus, N = p q . The adversary used several assumptions to enable the attacks. For examples, p and q which satisfy Pollard’s weak primes structures and partial knowledge of least significant bits (LSBs) of p and q can cause N to be factored in polynomial time, thus breaking the security of RSA. In this paper, we heavily utilized both assumptions. First, we assume that p and q satisfy specific structures where p = a m + r p and q = b m + r q for a , b are positive integers and m is a positive even number. Second, we assume that the bits of r p and r q are the known LSBs of p and q respectively. In our analysis, we have successfully factored N in polynomial time using both assumptions. We also counted the number of primes that are affected by our attack. Based on the result, it may poses a great danger to the users of RSA if no countermeasure being developed to resist our attack.

Communication for Life in Cyberspace

AbstractCyberspace communication is a key driving force of the neoliberal globalization that has led to worldwide crisis. Despite some positive perspectives, cyberspace communication has played a crucial role in the dominance of global markets by transnational corporations. The ethical foundations of the problematics of cyberspace communication lie in a social Darwinism that leads to ruthless competition based on egoistic morality. This article posits the notion of love as an alternative ethics, drawing on perspectives of Christian love (especially those of US ethicist Paul Ramsey) as unselfish love for others, as well as on East Asian traditions of love (such as Buddhist compassion, Confucian jen, and Korean jung). The article argues that unselfish love offers a perspective to overcome an anthropocentric perspective of communication. In this way, human beings can build a community with all living beings and develop harmonious relationships with them to live together on the earth.