Communities In Coastal Areas Research Articles

STRATEGY COASTAL COMMUNITY PANGLIMA RAJA VILLAGE IN SUSTAINABILITY OF LIFE

In general, fishermen or communities in coastal areas are in a state of poverty, underdeveloped in the social and cultural fields, and the quality of human resources is low. This situation occurs because of low education and the lack of functioning of existing business groups. In addition, the fishing profession cannot guarantee the sustainability of daily income as a result of the availability of marine products and unpredictable weather changes. Another aspect that is also of concern is the management and utilization of coastal resources that are not yet optimal. This picture is not much different from the life of the coastal communities in Panglima Raja Village, both physically in the form of environmental degradation and which have an impact on social and economic aspects in the form of family, neighborhood or community problems, as well as other related resources. The research objectives were to 1) find out and study the social and demographic aspects of the coastal community in Panglima Raja Village, 2) to study the livelihood assets of the coastal community of Panglima Raja Village, 3) to study the livelihood strategies of the coastal community of Panglima Raja Village. The research method used is a descriptive case study where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature review. The results showed that the social demographics of the Panglima Raja community were heterogeneous with the majority of productive age, lower income and low education level, the community had social, physical, financial, natural and human capital even in limited conditions, while the strategy was is found is a strategy of survival and consolidation without any accumulation strategy.

Grafting of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in SE‐Sulawesi, Indonesia

The seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, commonly known as cottonii is the most important seaweed species cultured in Indonesia. This seaweed is widely cultivated as a main income source for communities in coastal areas of Southeast (SE) Sulawesi. In general, grafting has been rarely used in the seaweed K. alvarezii. An attempt was made to graft the K. alvarezii in the shallow waters at Bungin Permai, South Konawe, SE-Sulawesi of Indonesia. Tissue-cultured and local strains were selected for intra-generic grafting. The methods of graft combinations were side- and straight-slipped positions. Each combination contained 30 grafting plants. Between intra-generic grafted plants, straight position was found to attach after 9 days. For side-slipped position, it took 21 days to attach. In conclusion, due to easy and fast vegetative potential, high intra-generic grafting success using straight-slipped position method for grafting is achievable.

Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Employment Status and Mental Health Conditions of Affected Coastal Communities.

The Great East Japan Earthquake devasted the old community in coastal areas characterized by primary industry. The number of unemployed people increased from 150,000 to 190,000 after the earthquake. All of the adult residents of Shichigahama (18 years old or older), located in the coastal area of the Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were totally or majorly damaged, were recruited for a survey conducted in October 2011. All of the residents who responded with written informed consent were included in this study. Among 904 individuals who had a job before the Great East Japan Earthquake, 19% became unemployed. Concerning gender and age, 9% of young men, 34% of elderly men, 21% of young women, and 49% of elderly women became unemployed. Concerning the type of industry, 38%, 15%, and 16% of people who had belonged to the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, respectively, before the disaster became unemployed. Those who became unemployed exhibited a significantly higher risk of insomnia compared to those who maintained jobs. The study pointed out the severe impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on populations who had belonged to the primary industry, especially among elderly women, and its effect on sleep conditions.

Impact of Coastal Erosion in the Coastal Area of Rembang, Central Java

<p><em>On the one hand, the coastal area promises abundant natural resources, but on the other hand, there are potential threats of disaster for the people living in that area. Coastal erosion or abrasion is a threat/danger that harmful to communities in coastal areas in Indonesia. One of the areas affected by abrasion in Indonesia is Rembang Regency. This study attempted to analyze the physical and social impacts of abrasion in the Rembang Regency. This study was conducted qualitatively by utilizing Ikonos High-Resolution Satellite Imagery, field surveys, and interviews as the basis for the analysis of the impact of the abrasion disaster. Respondents in this study were communities and government officials in areas affected by abrasion which were determined by purposive sampling technique. The results of the data analysis show that the physical impacts of abrasion are classified into four categories, namely heavy damage, moderate damage, minor damage, and no damage, while the social impacts are in the form of psychological, sociological, and economic disturbances which have implications for decreasing welfare. Therefore, an in-depth analysis is needed to determine the abrasion disaster management policy in Rembang Regency.</em></p>

Analysis of Microplastic Intake by Human through Red Kurisi Fish (Nemiptus Japonicas) and Mackerel (Rastrelliger Sp) Consumption in the Coastal Area Community of Tamasaju Village, North Galesong, Takalar Regency

Analysis of Microplastic Intake by Human through Red Kurisi Fish (Nemiptus Japonicas) and Mackerel (Rastrelliger Sp) Consumption in the Coastal Area Community of Tamasaju Village, North Galesong, Takalar Regency

Microplastic Exposure through Mussels Consumption in the Coastal Area Community of Pa’lalakkang Village, Galesong, Takalar District

Microplastic Exposure through Mussels Consumption in the Coastal Area Community of Pa’lalakkang Village, Galesong, Takalar District

Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture Systems to Climate Change in Coastal Areas: A Novel Index

This study proposes a novel index to evaluate agricultural vulnerability to climate change in coastal areas, using the case of Andhra Pradesh, the state with the second longest coastline in India. Field data was collected from more than 1000 farmers (involved in over 50 varieties of crops) in 22 riverine and coastal case study areas. Data was collected through site visits, surveys and five workshops conducted between November 2018 and June 2019. Based on the collected data sets, a new Agricultural Coastal Vulnerability Index (AGCVI) was developed and applied to the 22 sites located in two districts (Krishna and Guntur) of Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The analysis revealed that the areas with three crop seasons (Kharif, Rabi and Zaid) per year are highly vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, sites with one crop season (Kharif) per annum are the least vulnerable to climate change. Moreover, grains (particularly rice), flowers and fruit crops are more susceptible to climate change and its induced impacts. Rice is no longer a profitable crop in the case study areas partly as a result of unfavourable weather conditions, inadequate insurance provision and lack of government support for farmers. Cumulatively, all these circumstances impact farmers’ incomes and socio-cultural practices: this is leading to a marriage crisis, with a reduction in the desirability of matrimony to farmers. These findings provide valuable information that can support climate and agriculture policies, as well as sustainable cropping patterns among farmers’ communities in coastal areas of India in the future.

Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas

Coastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C.edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C.edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.

A long-term monitoring dataset of fish assemblages in rocky tidepools on the northern coast of Taiwan

The assemblage of fish species in the rocky intertidal zone is highly affected by the destructive impact of human activities and has an extended impact on land-sea interactions. There are a few long-term research projects that have focused on rocky intertidal ecosystems, especially on the resident fish community. Here, we describe a long-term time series dataset of fish collected by counting the number of anesthetized fishes at sampling stations in rocky tidepools in the intertidal zones on the northern coast of Taiwan. The species assemblages were monitored seasonally at three stations from 1999 to 2018. In total, 144 samples containing 1,577 individuals belonging to 106 species were recorded in the surveys. The resulting data can be used as background information for conservation and resilience studies of the fish community in coastal areas and to establish reasonable conservation strategies. This study presents valuable data to ecologists and fisheries biologists interested in understanding the temporal patterns of species abundance, richness, and composition in relation to environmental factors, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures.

Toxicity of UV filters on marine bacteria: Combined effects with damaging solar radiation

Organic UV filters are of emerging concern due to their occurrence and persistence in coastal ecosystems. Because marine bacteria are crucial in the major biogeochemical cycles, there is an urgent need to understand to what extent these microorganisms are affected by those chemicals. This study deciphers the impact of five common sunscreen UV filters on twenty-seven marine bacteria, combining both photobiology and toxicity analysis on environmentally relevant species. Seven bacteria were sensitive to different organic UV filters at 1000 μg L−1, including octinoxate and oxybenzone. This is the first report demonstrating inhibition of bacterial growth from 100 μg L−1. None of the UV filters showed any toxicity at 1000 μg L−1 on stationary phase cells, demonstrating that physiological state was found to be a key parameter in the bacterial response to UV-filters. Indeed, non-growing bacteria were resistant to UV filters whereas growing cells exhibited UV filter dependent sensitivity. Octinoxate was the most toxic chemical at 1000 μg L−1 on growing cells. Interestingly, photobiology experiments revealed that the toxicity of octinoxate and homosalate decreased after light exposure while the other compounds were not affected. In terms of environmental risk characterization, our results revealed that the increasing use of sun blockers could have detrimental impacts on bacterioplanktonic communities in coastal areas. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the most common UV filters on bacterial species and corroborate the importance to consider environmental parameters such as solar radiation in ecotoxicology studies.

UAV application for site suitability mangrove replantation program, case study in Pasuruan and Probolinggo, East Java

In the northern coast of East Java, mangrove naturally growth along the coastline of most regencies, and becomes the important factor in the sustainability of fisheries, protection and other environmental services for communities in coastal areas. The last few decades, satellite remote sensing becomes the most widely used tool for mangrove monitoring purpose. Various types of sensory satellite images are used for mapping areas, types and densities, estimating the mangrove biomass. Meanwhile, UAV (Unmaned Aerial Vehicle) is rapidly developed and quite affordable. Various footages and photogrammetry works carried out with the lightweight UAV. Therefore, utilizing UAVs for capturing mangrove areas can be an effective solution to identify area where rehabilitation should be conducted. The research aimed to use the consumer grade DJI Phantom 4 Pro for mapping 92,6 Ha mangrove area in Rejoso (Pasuruan) and 69,37 Ha of Sumberasih (Probolinggo). Result of this study shows the capability of UAV to provide detail mangrove image (canopy density, characteristics and environmental profile), which can be used to support the management activities, particularly mangrove replantation program. Also, it could be a low cost solution and time effective of mangrove monitoring, compared with previous approach of high-resolution satellite imagery.

Maritime Security: A New Strategy for Merchant Shipping to Avoid Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea

This article aims at showing the current practice in the Gulf of Guinea to enhance the security of merchant vessels in the region, by using the local integrated maritime strategy (EIMS) of government agencies. Following the increase in the spate of attacks in the GOG region, commercial vessels have been keen on adopting the use of Institutional and operational initiatives (IOI) taken at the national and regional levels in the framework of combating maritime crime (piracy). However, in the context Gulf of Guinea, there is evidence suggesting that most unlawful acts against vessels in the region, irrespective of their nature or location, are erroneously being classified as acts of piracy. There is a need to raise awareness and involve civil society in current discussions and programs on maritime security. According to the current situation, maritime security is widely regarded as a military issue, involving only local communities in coastal areas, which are suffering the greatest threat from sea. In fact, in a strict sense, maritime security is not a military or law enforcement issue; on the contrary, it should include a wide range of social, environmental, institutional, political and economic issues in a comprehensive way. Thus, placing maritime security outside the armed forces will help to launch a new debate on how coastal communities can benefit (or pose a threat) from maritime safety and security. As an alternative, countries such as Togo and Nigeria, in collaboration with the Institutional and operational initiatives provide vessels an extra layer of protection. This article seeks to explore the current trend in the GOG and the host of sensitive legal issues they may raise. The article first identifies the features of models before assessing them against international norms in other to highlight specific legal, institutional and operational concerns. Finally some remarks will be made through a conclusion based on the normative and practical perspective of the article.

An approach to environmental sensitivity index study at coastal area toward oil spill accident: A case study on the northern and southern coast of Madura Island

Coastal resources and their local community economic activities are prone to oil spills pollution from tanker accidents or unappropriated operational procedures from the oil and gas industry. This study was aimed to develop supporting a prevention strategy to minimize damage and to ensure vulnerable natural resources and the local community in coastal areas are protected. Two methodologies applied to perform an integrated Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) named IPIECA (International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association) method and methodology that was developed by an expert from the Center of Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University (CESI, Composite ESI). The area study was located in the coastal area of Madura Island, East Java Province. Various ecosystems, shoreline types, and coastal area utilizing types have resulted in many combinations of ESI. The highest level of sensitivity will be prompted by the existence of an important ecosystem and economically land use utilizing. The important ecosystems, such as mangrove ecosystems, will result in more sensitive areas in IPIECA criteria than in CESI criteria. Consistently, in terms of socio-economic activities, land use, which has high production value and a high amount of persons employed, will be categorized as a very sensitive area.

Assessing socio-economic vulnerability to climate change-induced disasters: evidence from Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

ABSTRACT Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), a fragile ecosystem, is susceptible to frequent cyclones, floods, and storm surge. The study impeccably analyzed the socio-economic vulnerability in SBR using pragmatic approach. Average storm surge height, slope amount, flood inundation, drainage proximity, and drainage density were used for assessing exposure while sensitivity and adaptation were examined from the data derived through a comprehensive field survey of 570 households in SBR. The revelation of the study manifested very high vulnerability in Basanti, Gosaba, Kultali, Namkhana, and Patharpratima blocks and high vulnerability in Kakdwip, Sagar, and Hingalganj blocks of SBR. Constant exposure to cyclones and storm surges, frivolous infrastructural setup, impoverish social structure, and lamentation of losses are major barriers to overall socio-economic upliftment of communities. Consolidated infrastructural setup, proper early warning system, disaster monitoring centres, better transport connectivity within remote islands, better livelihood opportunities, education, and awareness may help in improving the socio-economic conditions of the communities. Pragmatic approach assisted in the cogent understanding of climate change impacts and indicated adaptive and mitigation measures to improve coastal society in SBR. Thus, the approach has proven to be effective for analyzing the impact of climate change-induced hazards on socio-economic condition on the communities in coastal areas.

Impacts of long‐term environmental variability on diapause phenology of coastal copepods in Tokyo Bay, Japan

AbstractMany common and abundant copepods in coastal areas adapt to complex environments through diapause (physiological dormancy) by laying resting eggs. However, the response mechanisms of these species’ phenology to environmental changes is poorly understood, especially the influence of both climatic and anthropogenic changes. Using monthly time series data for zooplankton in Tokyo Bay, Japan, from 1981 to 2010, we investigated phenological and quantitative changes in the dominant species Acartia omorii, Centropages abdominalis, and Labidocera rotunda in response to climatic and hydrographic variation in this semienclosed eutrophic coastal area. The first two species produce resting eggs in the warm season and the latter in the cold season. Decreasing abundance and increasing resting egg periods were observed for A. omorii and C. abdominalis, and the reverse for L. rotunda. Time series analysis revealed a possible mechanism driving these phenologic shifts. Wintertime warming of the water column associated with climate variability driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, followed by rapid development of summertime stratification and the formation of hypoxic bottom water layers, were responsible for the early initiation and delayed termination of the resting egg period for cold‐water species. The warming trend in Tokyo Bay, possibly induced by inflow of warm oceanic water due to anthropogenic factors, caused these phenologic changes in the resting period and subsequently affected zooplankton abundance. These results suggest that the multiple stressors caused by climate change and other anthropogenic impacts can affect regional zooplankton communities in coastal areas.

Management of coastal biodiversity based on social-cultural values in constructing conservation character education

Katili AS, Utina R, Tamu Y, Nusantari E. 2018. Management of coastal biodiversity based on social-cultural values in constructing conservation character education. Biodiversitas 19: 1763-1768. Coastal biodiversity is quite high including coral reef, mangrove, seagrass, and fishery resources. Management of coastal biodiversity can be conducted interdisciplinary covering various aspects. Four main aspects can be integrated, i.e., physical-biodiversity, social-cultural, character education, and conservation. This present study aimed to describe: coastal biodiversity in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia community’s social-cultural value and local wisdom embodying conservation character of the coastal ecosystem, and character education of coastal ecosystem biodiversity in primary school by learning with a prototype of conservation character-based materials. Specifically, the present study aimed to construct the conservation character education based on social-cultural values. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative method by comparing and referring to findings from the previous studies. The procedure used in this research was four-D, i.e., (i) Define stage; by doing the identification and exploration of the coastal biodiversity potential. The methods used in this stage was exploration survey method. Focused group discussions were conducted with coastal communities to identify social-cultural values and local wisdom and to analyze the core and basic competence of learners by examining the tools of the lesson and determining the competence. (ii) Design stage; by designing a prototype of learning material to construct the conservation character for learners. (iii) Development stage; by validating the prototype of learning material for constructing the conservation character for the learner. (iv) Dissemination stage, by doing seminars and information dissemination on a prototype of learning material to construct the conservation character. The results showed that in Gorontalo, there were three components of the coastal ecosystem which included mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef. The communities in the coastal area of Gorontalo were prominent in their strengthened social-cultural roots taking the form of ecological awareness. The community in coastal area possessed local knowledge of the natural resources, e.g., plants and animals, and local attribution of such resources in the local language. The conservation character-education based on social-cultural values, specifically local wisdom, is the most appropriate education model to encourage the pattern of biodiversity coastal ecosystem management. Conservation character education was highly relevant to life-enhancing skills, based on the empowerment of skills and coastal biodiversity potential in each region.

Decreased retention of olfactory predator recognition in juvenile surgeon fish exposed to pesticide

Dory, the animated surgeonfish created by the Pixar Animation studios, famously suffered from short-term memory loss leading to many adventures. In reality, many fishes have excellent cognitive abilities and are able to learn and retain important information such as the identity of predators. However, if and how cognition can be affected by anthropogenically altered oceanic conditions is poorly understood. Here, we examine the effect of a widely used pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on the retention of acquired predator recognition in post-larval stage of the surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. Through associative learning, post-larvae of A. triostegus were first observed to forage significantly less in the presence of conspecific alarm cues and alarm cues associated to a predator's odor. The retention of this anti-predator behavior was estimated to last between 2 and 5 days in the absence of pesticide. However, environmentally-relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos (1 μg.L−1) induced the loss of this acquired predator recognition. This reduced ability to recognize learned predators is discussed as it may lead to more vulnerable fish communities in coastal areas subjected to organophosphate pesticide pollution.

Komunitas Mangrove di Wilayah Pesisir Pulau Tidore dan Sekitarnya

<strong>Mangrove Community in Coastal Area of Tidore Islands.</strong>
 Indonesia has the most extensive area of mangrove ecosystem in the world. It bring many direct and indirect benefits for the coastal community. Research on the condition of mangrove communities in Tidore, Halmahera, Ternate Island and surrounding areas was conducted in August 2015, to determine the current condition of mangrove communities in the region. Assessment condition mangrove forest was done by means of analyze the percentage covering canopy with the hemispherical photography methods (photography toward) vertical and analyze the percentage pixels from a photograph obtained by using software image J and Microsoft Excel. The species Sonneratia alba in the Maitara, Tidore, and Kaiyasa Island West Halmahera is the most dominant.

Karakteristik dan Persoalan Ekonomi Masyarakat Petani dan Nelayan pada Kawasan Pantai di Torosiaje Kabupaten Pohuwatu

<p>High poverty level because of coastal area community characteristic include low of social-economic living,minimum access to environment resources, and economic problems. Such as Torosiaje coastal area community in Pohuwato regency, where used as research area of wallacea expedition 2005. For this need investigate characteristic and economic problem that have coastal area community. From investigate knew education level average area low, so influence to business management both agriculture and fishing are not good. Beside low of human resources, economic problem include harvest fail, low of working capital, low of agriculture product price and less of attention from government. It need cooperation among farmers, fisher, government and other stakeholder to increase prosperous of the coastal area community.</p>

GAYA KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT PESISIR WEDUNG JAWA TENGAH

The coastal communities put human on equality. Therefore, Wedung district community has its own communication style in delivering opinions and social interaction interpersonally. This article is the result of field research study with an ethnographic approach and analysis of cultural themes. The aim is to determine the communication style of coastal communities when communicating with outside communities of coastal areas and tourists. The results show that the communication style of coastal communities in communicating with other people and the community outside of coastal areas is the equalitarian and the relinguishing styles. It means that the coastal communities have the nature of open communication and receptive to suggestions and opinions of others.