Community Benefits Research Articles

Social Impact Assessment: A Tool for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring Lasting Community Benefits

Social Impact Assessment: A Tool for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring Lasting Community Benefits

UNVERIFIED INFORMATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: ANALYSIS FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

In contemporary society, social media has evolved into an indispensable and pervasive tool, impacting individuals worldwide across various dimensions, including the personal, social, economic, and political spheres. The basic expectation from social networks is to serve the people and society by providing important, authentic information and verified news. Unfortunately, false news, rumours and fabricated information on social networks have become a threat to individuals, and a destructive tool for peace and societal harmony. The unregulated proliferation of hoaxes on social networks can lead to a myriad of societal disruptions and issues, thereby intensifying the need for harmonious and peaceful coexistence as advocated by both individuals and society at large. This is a qualitative descriptive article that explores the Islamic understanding and rulings on the spread of unverified information in social networks intentionally for gaining personal interest or political advantages. The article also recommends some ethical and moral precepts of revealed knowledge to ensure the proper use of social networks for the benefit of individuals and community, and to avoid unethical violation and immoral actions.

Planting patterns in rubber agroforestry (Hevea brasiliensis) developed by the communities of Menggala Mas Village, Lampung Province, Indonesia

Abstract The agroforestry system provides important economic and ecological benefits for local communities, one of which is obtained from the application of planting patterns and plants species in it. This research aims to explain the planting pattern of rubber agroforestry developed by the community in Menggala Mas Village, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The approach in this research is qualitative. Data collection methods included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The planting patterns of agroforestry system on their rubber plants were analysed. The research results showed that there are three agroforestry planting patterns implemented by the community, namely, alley cropping, trees along border and random mixture. The dominant combinations in alley cropping were rubber/karet (Hevea brasiliensis) – pulai (Alstonia scholaris) and rubber–mentru (Schima wallichii) – kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii). The dominant combinations in trees along border were rubber–akasia (Acacia auriculiformis), rubber–jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) – cempedak (Artocarpus integer) and rubber–petai (Parkia speciosa) – jati (Tectona grandis). The dominant combinations in the random mixture were rubber–jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum), rubber–petai–jengkol–akasia, rubber–jackfruit–cempedak, rubber–pulai–mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) – jengkol and rubber–banana (Musa paradisiaca) – gadung (Dioscorea hispida) – sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). Forty-one plant species were found. The local community wants to develop this planting pattern because the rubber agroforestry planting pattern can provide direct and indirect benefits such as a greater variety of plants which can increase their income; also, the products can be sold or consumed by the family, as a fence, fire break or barrier to other farmers’ land, can provide shade to reduce hot temperatures when farmers are working, and can reduce the risk of flooding and soil erosion to support soil and water conservation within the ‘Omou’ (garden/forest). The government and agricultural extension workers need to carry out regular guidance and outreach programmes regarding rubber agroforestry development strategies to increase public knowledge.

Sustainability analysis of primary wastewater treatment by willow plantations in Québec

Wastewater treatment is a necessary step to avoid environmental impacts of water consumption and usage. Traditional approaches are expensive and are limited to developed countries. Phytofiltration using fast-growing trees and shrubs like willows potentially offer an alternative. This paper aims to determine if wastewater treatment using phytofiltration can provide complementary environmental and economic benefits for rural communities in a Nordic climate such as the province of Québec, Canada. It looks at different perspectives of the wastewater treatment solution in a local and rural context. Based on life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCC), we found that, for an exemplar Québec municipality, the conventional wastewater treatment scenario impacted more on climate change, ecosystem quality and human health than the two phytofiltration of wastewater scenarios studied, where impact is highly dependant on the biomass valorization. The net present cost of the phytofiltration scenarios were lower than typical conventional treatment in Québec. For a biomass producer, conventional biomass production had the highest environmental impact on ecosystem quality, while biomass production from phytofiltration had the highest environmental impact on climate change, human health, and resources. We demonstrate that the phytofiltration is a viable and multifunctional technology that could provide good incentives for a local biomass value chain. it allows to both alleviate wastewater treatment burden and provide affordable biomass for bioenergy development for rural communities. Mobilizing local stakeholders will be key to make phytofiltration an alternative solution for both environmental burden alleviation and rural economic development.

An Experimental and Analytical Approach to Evaluate Transponder-Based Aircraft Noise Monitoring Technology

Aviation is a vital modern transportation sector connecting millions of passengers globally. Sustainable aviation development holds substantial community benefits, necessitating effective management of its environmental impacts. This paper addresses the need for an accurate and cost-effective aircraft noise monitoring model tailored to non-towered general aviation airports with limited resources for official air traffic data collection. The existing literature highlights a heavy reliance on air traffic data from control facilities in prevailing aircraft noise modeling solutions, revealing a disparity between real-world constraints and optimal practices. Our study presents a validation of a three-stage framework centered on a low-cost transponder unit, employing an innovative experimental and analytical approach to assess the model’s accuracy. An economical Automatic Dependent Surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) receiver is deployed at Purdue University Airport (ICAO Code: KLAF) to estimate aircraft noise levels using the developed approach. Simultaneously, a physical sound meter is positioned at KLAF to capture actual acoustic noise levels, facilitating a direct comparison with the modeled data. Results demonstrate that the developed noise model accurately identifies aircraft noise events with an average error of 4.50 dBA. This suggests the viability of our low-cost noise monitoring approach as an affordable solution for non-towered general aviation airports. In addition, this paper discusses the limitations and recommendations for future research.

Local and regional-scale effects of hedgerows on grassland- and forest-associated bird populations within agroecosystems.

Linear woody features (LWFs), like hedgerows along field edges, provide wildlife habitat and support biodiversity in agroecosystems. Assessments of LWFs usually focus on community-level indices, such as species richness. However, effective conservation actions need to balance the contrasting habitat preferences of different wildlife species, necessitating a focus on population-level effects in working landscapes. We assessed associations between LWFs and abundance for 45 bird species within an intensive agroecosystem in eastern Ontario, Canada. We used distance- and removal-sampling methods across 4 years (2016-2019) to estimate local bird abundance in habitats representing a range of LWF densities. We also predicted abundance across a subset of the study region with and without LWFs to understand their contribution to regional population density. Associations between local bird abundance and LWFs were variable among species, but overall community effects were clearly positive, particularly for forest and shrubland species. At the site level, 20/45 species (44%) had higher densities associated with greater LWF presence on average, compared to 5/45 (11%) with negative associations. At the regional scale, LWFs had predicted benefits on total abundance for 31 species (69%), contributing to an estimated 20% increase on average. Positive effects were most pronounced in areas with greater agricultural land use (primarily field crops), suggesting LWFs may provide crucial habitat in heavily modified landscapes but have little to no additional benefit for the avian community in areas with greater existing heterogeneity and habitat retention. Species that responded negatively tended to be at risk with strong habitat preferences for intact forests or large, open grasslands and, thus, greater sensitivity to potential edge effects. With rapidly declining songbird populations and a global need for food security, conservation strategies that amplify biodiversity and enhance agricultural productivity through ecosystem services such as pest control, pollination, and water regulation are vital. We demonstrate the benefits of habitat heterogeneity in agroecosystems on songbird densities and highlight the need to integrate local and landscape-level assessments in conservation planning. An effective, balanced strategy includes concentrating LWFs in areas of extensive arable crops, with habitat retention patches where possible, while maintaining heterogeneity through mixtures of natural habitats and pastoral farming in less intensive regions.

Perceptions of volunteers on the effectiveness of Kenya Medical Training College-run free medical camps in enhancing access to healthcare by vulnerable communities

In certain regions of Kenya, such as Nyahururu, Kabarnet, Kasikeu, and Mbooni, inadequate access to healthcare services contributes to avoidable deaths. Organizations like the Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC) address this challenge by organizing free medical camps, involving both local and international volunteer healthcare workers. This study explored the effectiveness of KMTC's free medical camps through interviews with 18 key informants, including faculty, non-faculty members, and community leaders from purposefully sampled hardship areas, namely, Nyahururu, Kabarnet, Kasikeu, and Mbooni. The study found that KMTC's free clinics offered crucial services like curative care, immunization, maternal and child health services, disease sensitization, reproductive health services, and substance abuse education. However, limitations were identified, including a shortage of medications, lack of specialized screening, follow-up care, and referral services. Resources available included community health volunteers, KMTC and hospital staff, socio-structural support, and physical infrastructure. Challenges faced by volunteers included motivation issues, inadequate facilitation, limited stakeholder involvement in planning, and perceived service comprehensiveness issues. Despite these challenges, the community acknowledged the vital role of medical camps in delivering essential services to marginalized groups. Addressing resource shortages, enhancing stakeholder engagement, improving service comprehensiveness, and boosting volunteer motivation were highlighted as crucial steps to maximize community benefits.

The Transformation of Tourism Villages Through Social Capital and Leadership in Turi District, Sleman, Yogyakarta

This research investigates social shifts in Turi District, Sleman Regency, The Special Region of Yogyakarta. Turi District was previously known as a salak fruit-producing area, which developed as a salak agro center. However, Turi District has become the area with the most tourist villages in Sleman Regency. The growth of tourist villages there is relatively rapid and reasonably fast. This research aims to look at the transformation process and the capital supporting the tourist villages' development in the Turi District. The method used in this research is qualitative. The data collection techniques are observation and interviews. Meanwhile, the theories used are social capital and human capital. The research has three main findings. Firstly, the tourist village in Turi District is a shared asset managed collectively and driven by the collective awareness of the local community. Solid social relations and local institutions support this collective awareness. Social capital makes it easier to mobilize community participation in the pilot process and management of tourist villages. Second, the existence of solid bonding relationship capital supported by external network capital with outside institutions (bridging social capital). It further facilitates efforts to develop tourist villages. Third, even though social capital significantly influences the start-up and management of tourist villages, the key factor in intensifying the development of tourist villages comes from actors or leaders who can build ideas and mobilize physical capital and social capital. In other words, human capital is fundamental in developing tourist villages in Turi District. Based on these findings, this research provides an overview of village communities regarding the importance of commodifying village potential through independent management, actualizing social capital, and the significance of local leadership. It is to provide economic benefits for village communities and maintain environmental and cultural assets (environment and culture sustainability).
 Keywords: human capital, leadership, social capital, tourism villages, transformation

Humanitarian principles and humanitarian disarmament: An operator's perspective

Abstract Conceptually rooted in the efforts to ban indiscriminate weapons and both their immediate and long-term effects, humanitarian mine action and humanitarian disarmament operations have developed significantly since 1988, when the United Nations first took on work on mine action operations for the protection and benefit of local communities. A large part of those operations has been carried out by humanitarian disarmament NGOs such as the Mines Advisory Group (MAG), one of the first organizations to be established on this issue. Drawing on MAG's experience and perspective, this article explores how the humanitarian principles apply to humanitarian disarmament operations. The aim of the article is to show that as an operator on the humanitarian–development nexus, MAG considers the four humanitarian principles as a critical and necessary part of its reference framework due to the influence of the humanitarian disarmament framework, even when operating in the development space. All in all, the case of humanitarian disarmament and MAG's experience are good examples to illustrate where the humanitarian horizon is extended because of long-terms serious needs, and that humanitarian principles remain essential to keep the focus on the needs of affected populations.

Help-Seeking, Support, and Engagement in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Online Communities on Facebook: Content Analysis.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has drastically risen in recent years. For some, self-management includes the use of GDM online communities on Facebook. Such communities can fill gaps in information and support that participants are not able to access elsewhere to address unmet needs. Given the popularity of sharing information about pregnancy on Facebook and the documented benefits of diabetes online communities, the same may be true of GDM online communities. This study aimed to categorize and quantify what is being discussed in GDM Facebook groups, including informational and emotional help-seeking behavior, and how this support and engagement may be demonstrated by peers through comments and reactions. We sourced the data from the 2 largest Facebook groups focused on GDM in Australia. A summative content analysis was conducted on original posts across the 2 groups and coded for topics as well as help-seeking types. The coding scheme was based on the previous work of Liang and Scammon. Visible indicators of engagement, including the number of comments and "reactions," were tabled and manually evaluated. There were 388 original posts, and the analysis produced 6 topics: GDM self-management (199/388, 51.3%), GDM clinical management (120/388, 30.9%), preparing for birth (40/388, 10.3%), mental distress (35/388, 9%), birth announcement (29/388, 7.5%), and GDM journey reflections (21/388, 5.4%). Secondary coding of help-seeking type revealed more than half of the posts were informational help-seeking (224/388, 57.7%), while a small proportion were both informational and emotional help-seeking (44/388, 11.3%), and some (12/388, 3.1%) were emotional help-seeking only. Self-disclosure was identified as a fourth category, comprising almost a quarter of all posts (90/388, 23.2%). A total of 6022 comments were posted in response to the original posts, and there were 4452 reactions across all posts. Emotional help-seeking attracted the most comments per thread (mean 21.5, SD 19.8), followed by informational and emotional help-seeking (mean 20.2, SD 14.7), informational help-seeking (mean 15.6, SD 14.6), and self-disclosure (mean 14.3, SD 21.8). Across all help-seeking categories, few reactions occurred compared to comments; in contrast, self-disclosure attracted a large number of reactions (mean 9.4, SD 45.3). This is one of the first studies to examine peer support in a GDM online community on Facebook. Our findings suggest that active participants' needs around information and support in relation to GDM are being somewhat met by peer-led online communities. Given the practical limitations of formal health care, including the provision of ongoing social support, it is important to recognize how GDM online communities can complement formal health care and help address unmet needs.

Optimalisasi Hak Ekonomi Nanas Tangkit Baru Jambi Sebagai Produk Indikasi Geografis

Geographical indication is part of the Intellectual Property regulated in the Law Number 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographic Indications, Tangkit pineapple is a typical Pineapples Village of New Tangit district of Muaro Jambi which must be protected in order to obtain legal protection of Geographic Indication. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the economic benefits for communal communities that are integrated into the MPIG Nanas New Infection Group. To identify the role of the government in optimizing the utilization of Geographical Indications for the new Infection Society. The basic problems in this research are: 1) How the economic benefit for the communal community that is integrated in the new infection MPIG Group is formed. 2) How the government's role in optimising the use of geographical indications for new infected communities. This research uses empirical methods of jurisprudence with data collection techniques using observations, interviews and documentation. The conclusion of the results of the discussion in the research showed that: 1) The form of economic benefits made by the people of the village of Tangkit New to increase the revenue of the region is to manage UMKM or home industry by processing pineapple fruit into various kinds of processed products. 2) The role of the Muaro Jambi Government in optimizing the use of Geographical Indications is to provide support in the provision of guidance and training as well as facility assistance.

How healthy are the healthcare staff in a rural health service? A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need to understand the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers in hospital settings. Crises like the COVID-19 pandemic create poor health outcomes for healthcare workers, yet little is understood about underlying patterns of modifiable health determinants. ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the health and wellbeing data of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and inform future healthy intervention activities within the workplace. DesignRepeat cross-sectional study pre-2018 and mid-COVID-19 2020. Setting(s)Rural health service in Victoria, Australia. ParticipantsAll 800 healthcare workers within the health service were invited; of these, 184 (23%) participated at Time 1 and 87 (11%) at Time 2. MethodsDiet, physical activity, sleep behaviours, and psychological distress were collected via online survey in Qualtrics. Pre-COVID-19 pandemic, anthropometry (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), and type 2 diabetes risk were collected by a trained practitioner. However, to reduce burden on healthcare workers mid-COVID-19 pandemic, only self-reported anthropometry was collected. ResultsThe majority of participants were Australian-born females (84% at both timepoints) with half over the age of 45 (63% Time 1, 53% Time 2). Around half worked part-time (49% Time 1, 54% Time 2), over a third full-time (39% Time 1, 36% Time 2), and the majority reported working regular day shifts in the past 3 months (70% Time 1, 65% Time 2). Among this sample, there were few smokers (9% Time 1, 7% Time 2), and two thirds of participants were living with overweight or obesity (64% Time 1, 67% Time 2). Across both time points, compliance with health guidelines was low; 41% (Time 1) and 42% (Time 2) met fruit, 17% (Time 1) and 12% (Time 2) met vegetable, and just under 50% met physical activity guidelines at both time points. Those reporting moderate to very high levels of psychological stress increased from 42% (Time 1) to 59% (Time 2) (p< 0.05). At Time 1, >80% were at intermediate (39%) or high (33%) risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years; and a third (32%) were hypertensive. Reasons for physical inactivity at work included already exercising out-of-work hours (28%), living too far from work (18%), available time (9%), and inflexible work hours (8%). ConclusionsSeveral high-risk health areas along with opportunities for supporting improved wellbeing were identified in this group of healthcare workers. Psychological distress of healthcare workers urgently needs to be addressed, and this is reinforced by the need to understand the longitudinal impact of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers. Workplace settings, such as a health service, is an ideal setting to invest in healthcare workers with individual, organisational, and broader community benefits.

“It’s weird for the people who aren’t used to it. And I want to make it less weird”: Blindness community bloggers as legitimate voices of their lived experiences

In this study, 19 bloggers from the blindness community discuss the meaning of blogging both for themselves and for other persons within this community. Bloggers with visual impairments, their relatives, and blog editors of blindness organizations are interviewed to answer the following questions: (1) What motivates people from the blindness community to still use blogs? (2) How does blogging enable the blindness community to shape their identity and share their lived experiences? (3) How do people with visual impairments and their allies see the future of blogs? Using critical disability studies to interpret the findings, we argue that blogs are a significant form of communication and awareness-raising for the blindness community, as well as enhancing the identity of members of the blindness community. The analysis of the interviews shows that visually impaired people’s participation in blogging changes their self-perception in a positive way, as well as others’ perceptions of blindness. According to the study participants, bloggers with visual impairment and their allies consider themselves more knowledgeable about the topic of blindness because their blogs communicate authentic lived experiences. Overall, the participants are generally optimistic about the future of blogging for the benefit of the blindness community.

It Takes a Village: Benefits of an Online Community of Practice for Nurse Educators Teaching Large Enrollment Classes.

By Cameron Carley, MA, Taylor Institute for Teaching & Learning, and Jennifer Jackson, PhD, RN, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, [email protected]. The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Inaugural Editorial

It is a great pleasure for me to provide an editorial commentary for the first edition of the recently established Journal of Optics and Photonics Research (JOPR). Greetings and salutations to all of you on the inaugural issue of JOPR, a new and exciting portfolio journal from Bon View Publishing, which focuses on cutting-edge research trends in optics and photonics. The journal features international peer-reviewed multidisciplinary papers that provide new and original insights to the field, while maintaining accuracy in theory and technology. We are committed to ensuring that every accepted article meets these standards. Being the Editor-in-Chief of JOPR is an honor and a source of great gratitude for me. The fields of optics and photonics are primarily concerned with the study of light, its creation, and manipulation, as well as its interactions with gases, plasmas, molecules, and solids, including micro- and nanostructures. The optical domain of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light is much surpassed by the electromagnetic spectrum covered by optics and photonics. Researchers from physics, chemical and biological engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, and other fields are involved in this highly multidisciplinary topic. JOPR draws on both theoretical and practical results in the field of optical science and engineering, without being limited to any one discipline. It is committed to a wide spectrum of fundamental and applied optical research and brings scientists from many domains together. We encourage authors to conduct interdisciplinary research through the application of reasonable modeling or computational methods and experimental analysis. My goal for JOPR is to create a premier, open-access, highly peer-reviewed platform whose goal is to publish the most significant research in photonics and optics. I'm appreciative of the community's tremendous support in assisting us in achieving this objective.

Alignment of substance use community benefit prioritization and service lines in US hospitals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNon-profit hospitals in the U.S. are required by the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) to conduct a community health needs assessment (CHNA) every three years and to formulate an implementation strategy in response to those needs. Hospitals often identify substance use as a need relevant to their communities in their CHNAs and then must determine whether to create strategies to address such a need within their implementation strategies. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between a hospital’s prioritization of substance use within its community benefit documents and its substance use service offerings, while considering other hospital and community characteristics.MethodsThis study of a national sample of U.S. hospitals utilizes data collected from publicly available CHNAs and implementation strategies produced by hospitals from 2018 to 2021. This cross-sectional study employs descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis to assess relationships between prioritization of substance use on hospital implementation strategies and the services offered by hospitals, with consideration of community and hospital characteristics. Hospital CHNA and strategy documents were collected and then coded to identify whether the substance use needs were prioritized by the hospital. The collected data were incorporated into a data set with secondary data sourced from the 2021 AHA Annual Survey.ResultsMultivariable analysis found a significant and positive relationship between the prioritization of substance use as a community need on a hospital’s implementation strategy and the number of the services included in this analysis offered by the hospital. Significant and positive relationships were also identified for five service categories and for hospital size.ConclusionsThe availability of service offerings is related both to a hospital’s prioritization of substance use and to its size, indicating that these factors are likely inter-related regarding a hospital’s sense of its ability to address substance use as a community need. Policymakers should consider why a hospital may not prioritize a need that is prevalent within their community; e.g., whether the organization believes it lacks resources to take such steps. This study also highlights the value of the assessment and implementation strategy process as a way for hospitals to engage with community needs.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Masyarakat Menabung di Bank Syariah Indonesia

Islamic banking is an Islamic economic phenomenon that has become an alternative and increasingly popular with people around the world, including millennials. Not only to accommodate the interests of Muslims, but also to integrate personal interests and community benefits in a balanced form. Islamic banking in Indonesia is currently experiencing rapid development. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia certainly has a very important role in building the Islamic economy. This can be used as a great opportunity by Bank Syariah Indonesia in optimizing its role to support the country's plan to develop Islamic finance in Indonesia. It can be seen that the number of customers at Bank Syariah Indonesia is still far from expectations when viewed from the large Muslim population in Indonesia. This indicates that there are still many Muslim residents in Indonesia who still do not use the services of Sharia Banks in Indonesia. This indicates that there are still many Muslim residents in Indonesia who still do not use the services of Sharia Banks in Indonesia. This can arise by several factors that are the reason why the Indonesian Muslim population is still reluctant to use the services of Bank Syariah Indonesia. The large gap between the Muslim population in Indonesia and the number of customers of Bank Syariah Indonesia is one of the attractions for researchers to conduct an analysis of the Factors Influencing Public Interest in Saving at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Interest can be interpreted as an interest or tendency to choose what is desired. One example is the interest and tendency towards interest in saving, for example a religiously inclined person will choose Islamic banks over conventional banks because based on Islamic religious law which prohibits his people from transacting ribawi (interest). According to (crow &amp; crow 1998) states that there are six that affect interest, namely: income factors, job stability factors, financial goal factors, risk avoidance factors, knowledge factors, social and cultural environmental factors. While the author in conducting this study used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques used was to conduct structured interviews to the community with the help of research instruments in the form of mobile phone cameras as photo documentation and recordings during interviews with the people of Bandung City which at this time became a source of research information. The results obtained from research conducted by the author to the people of Bandung city resulted in income, risk avoidance / security factors and social and cultural environmental factors are factors for people interested in saving their money in Indonesian Islamic banks (BSI).&#x0D; Keywords: Bank Syariah Indonesia, community, Interest.

Mediating role of community participation and benefit on factors influencing community-based tourism (CBT) development

ABSTRACT Community-based tourism (CBT) will enhance the development of remote areas, but CBT needs to be improved to overcome obstacles. This study investigates two dimensions of the problems. First, exploring the role of community participation as a mediator between factors and CBT development, and second, assessing the role of benefit as a mediator between community participation and CBT development. This quantitative study used face-to-face self-administrative questionnaires to gather data by the multistage sampling technique from CBT stakeholders, including community leaders, CBT operators, homestay owners, and villagers. Consequently, community participation mediates the relationships between three predictors and CBT development. Benefit plays a role as a mediator between community participation and CBT development. The contribution of this research to the body of knowledge is to suggest the potential factors and mediators driving successful CBT development.

Managing Data from Maritime Archaeology Investigations: AIR at Gribshunden

Abstract Maritime archaeology excavations, even in a more complex environment, have the same objectives and requirements as terrestrial ones: documenting digging operations to analyze data in the best way, interpreting it, and producing new knowledge for the benefit of multiple communities. 3D documentation and management methodologies have spread widely among practitioners; however, 3D comprehensive tools for scholarly publications still require development. This article contributes to the discussion on archaeological data management and its need to encompass every aspect of the archaeological practice (Kansa &amp; Kansa 2021). It presents the evolution of the documentation and data management strategies employed within the multidisciplinary project at the shipwreck site of Gribshunden (Rönnby 2021), profoundly conditioned by the project’s goals to optimize collection and analysis of its multidisciplinary nature. The use of the Archaeological Interactive Report (AIR) represents the most suitable solution for achieving such goals, as it addresses the issue of scattered data and allows for maintaining the connection between archaeological datasets and their interpretation and publication, which is crucial for performing archaeological Digital Data Curation (Dallas 2015a).

Theories of Interpretation: Islamic Law v. International

Whereas Europeans exercised influence over Muslim areas in the last century, Muslim countries and its legal systems were expected to be considered and to interact with international rules. The Hague Conferences of 1896, 1902 and 1905 were established for the purposes of developing agreement on private international law. These conferences did not invite Muslim countries though these states situated outside Europe could have treaties applied on their territories when they were under the jurisdiction of European states. In the same line several conferences and arenas have called and recommended the study of the Islamic legal rules. For example, North Sea case the judge argued that the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ protected in Article 2(1) of the United Nations Charter, necessitates the court to refer not only to European legal traditions but also to Islamic legal principles when seeking for a general principle of law. This paper argues that the Islamic law has its unique methodologies of interpretations, can share common views compared to the rules of interpretations in international law, and can offer unprecedented solutions to many international disputed issues. This article questions the ways in which the international scholarship and legal community could benefit from such an ‘exquisite understudied art.’