Community-based Rural Tourism Research Articles

Self-Reliance in Community-Based Rural Tourism: Observing Tourism Villages (Desa Wisata) in Sleman Regency, Indonesia

Self-reliance is essential for community-based rural tourism (CBRT), ensuring effective running in the long term. However, existing studies have focused on general self-reliance conditions while overlooking details surrounding the community’s self-reliance in each activity of the CBRT value chain. This study filled this significant gap by observing community self-reliance in CBRT and considering the tourism value chain (TVC) framework. Built upon the abduction method, this study applied the systematic combining approach to observe three aspects of self-reliance, i.e., goals or objectives, rights and abilities, and owned resources, in the TVC of CBRT entities. Taking the case of CBRT in Sleman Regency, Indonesia, the data collection involved representatives of 49 community-based tourism villages (desa wisata). The results showed that observing community self-reliance in CBRT allows for the identification of multifaceted self-reliance problems in rural tourism communities. Apparently, the observed CBRT initiatives are unable to achieve complete self-sufficiency across all aspects of self-reliance. Reliance on external collaboration and support networks persists out of necessity rather than an inability to self-manage. Policy protections, capacity building, and collaborative partnerships are necessary to develop resilient and sustainable rural tourism amidst necessary dependencies. CBRT planning and policies should hence consider the abovementioned aspects of self-reliance to empower CBRT toward sustainable rural development.

Semi-Acquaintance Society in Rural Community-Based Tourism: Case Study of Moon Village, China

Tourism development provides a unique context for studying guanxi in acquaintance society in rural areas in China. Taking the case of Moon village from the perspective of guanxi, this study conducted a qualitative study to analyze the structural characteristics of the semi-acquaintance society in the tourism context. A buffer guanxi circle develops when strangers immerse themselves into an acquaintance-based society through social interaction, where affection and reasoning define the boundary, guanxi and the interests on which the social consensus is based, as well as the elite and collective actions vitalizing the community. These findings on how the semi-acquaintance society contributes to guanxi imply a co-governance structure for informal relations in governance in community-based rural tourism.

Niche market of event for village tourism

This research aims to explore and analyze the potency of community-based rural tourism to organize or be used as a venue for events. This is a qualitative study examining publications related to the issue, as well as the writers' direct experience and involvement in the event taking up the role either as a participant or the event committee member; the study mainly used focus group discussion to explore and generate ideas on the event for village tourism to identify the event-market potential for the Community-based Tourism. The study is conducted to prospect the event for CBT based on the type, purpose, and participants of the event, as well as to assess the facilities available at CBT. The results show that the characteristics and the purpose of events are reflected in the type of events. There are 7 types of event: traditional, natural, and farming-related smaller seminars, exhibitions, festivals, bazaar, sport, education/sharing, spiritual, and personal advancement retreat. For the CBT event, purposes could be created depending on the market's needs, the community's needs, and the facilities available in the tourism village considering the theme and scale of the event. It is expected that the results of the study could be used as a reference in advancing the product-market scheme of rural tourism as well as creating awareness among the prospective parties to hold events and to empower rural tourism to support village development.

Evidence-supported Rural Community-based Tourism and Social Impact

Rural tourism is an activity that can provide farmers with a second income, which is often required due to the small size of some farms. Examples of rural tourism are allowing the public to visit the farm or providing social benefits such as educational experience services where visitors experience farm operations, creating income opportunities for farmers and also teaching about food production and rural life. Professor Yasuo Ohe, based in the Department of Agribusiness Management, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan, leads a team of researchers committed to expanding understanding about the economics and mechanics of rural tourism. The team has adopted a microeconomic approach to community-based rural tourism and entrepreneurship and Ohe has proposed a theoretical framework supported by quantitative empirical evidence. The goal is to advance the progress of the theoretical and empirical aspects of rural tourism studies. In one study, Ohe and the team are performing theoretical and empirical evaluations of the efficiency of educational dairy farms that provide educational tourism. Ohe has published a book entitled ‘Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship’ which is helping advance the field and considers how to make rural tourism practices sustainable. Next, he will explore hospitality issues in rural tourism, with a view to contributing to building rural hospitality in rural tourism both conceptually and empirically. Ohe also plans to work on evidence-supported rural community-based tourism and the social impacts, looking at the rice harvest in paddy fields.

Intelligent Digital Platform for Community-Based Rural Tourism—A Novel Concept Development in Peru

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the rapid evolution and digitization of different tourism sectors through Industry 4.0. However, Community-based Rural Tourism (CRT) has not experienced the same technological advancement. Thus, considering tourism as a powerful socioeconomic driver, this research is based on the relevance of the CRT for the development of rural areas through job creation, preservation of historical-cultural and architectural heritage, and appreciation of the local market. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a concept development model of an intelligent digital platform (IDP), where tourism products and services are visualized, articulated, and integrated with the different actors of the CRT, offering a personalized tourist experience. The concept was developed based on Business Process Management and Business Model Canvas (BMC). Thus, through meetings and interviews, it was possible to extract essential information to obtain the necessary know-how for the development of the concept. It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has established a new business scenario, intensifying and accelerating the use of digital tools and ICTs in several sectors, including tourism. However, the use of ICTs in CRT is still incipient. As Peru is a country where rural tourism has a strong tradition, but there are no specific platforms for CRT, which makes the broad dissemination of rural experiences difficult, a BMC template has been developed to integrate the expected objectives, and the application of the proposed framework serves as a guide for other platforms with different niches markets in the tourism sector.

Participatory Action Research for the assessment of Community-Based Rural Tourism: a case study of co-construction of tourism sustainability indicators in Mexico

ABSTRACT Research about Community-Based Rural Tourism (CBRT) shows that participation of local stakeholders is a key factor in the pursuit of sustainability and supports the idea of using collaborative methods like Participatory Action Research (PAR) with local initiatives to address management and planning issues. This paper describes a case study in which tourism sustainability indicators (SIs) for a CBRT initiative were constructed through PAR with a group of women in rural Mexico. It reconstructs the steps and the process through which the indicators were established and implemented, and proposes a critical analysis of the assessment and its impacts on the group. The findings show that, provided that the SIs are adapted to the rural context, the co-construction of tourism SIs has led to assess the tourism activity using criteria adapted to the women’s needs and vision. The PAR process encouraged collective action, horizontal dialogue and made more visible the inter-relations and power relations between the stakeholders, demonstrating the potential for collaboration and empowerment in a transdisciplinary perspective.

A Study on Community-based Rural Tourism with SHUKUBO（Temple Lodgings）: From the Perspective of Entrepreneurship

A Study on Community-based Rural Tourism with SHUKUBO（Temple Lodgings）: From the Perspective of Entrepreneurship

Social Capital and Community-Based Rural Tourism Development in Kauman Kidul, Salatiga, Central Java

This article aims to describe the role of social capital in the development of community-based tourism villages in Kauman Kidul, Salatiga City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation, and document studies. Data processing uses triangulation to obtain valid and credible information. The key informant involved in this study was the Chair of the Sitalang Tourism Awareness Group. The results of this study indicate the role of social capital (norms, trust, and networks) that binds the social relations of the "Sitalang" Tourism Awareness Group to build the Kauman Kidul tourist village in Salatiga City Central Java Province, Indonesia.

Yasuo Ohe <i>Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship: A Microeconomic Approach</i>

Yasuo Ohe <i>Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship: A Microeconomic Approach</i>

Sosialisasi Sadar Wisata Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Desa Wisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Fatukoto

Socialization of Tourism Awareness as an Effort to Develop Community-Based Rural Tourism in Fatukoto Village. Rural Tourism Development is a government program to build a village tourism system and improve community welfare. In 2019, the Ministry of Tourism collaborates with universities to build tourist villages in East Nusa Tenggara Province. One of the villages is Fatukoto Village as a pilot rural tourism that has natural potential in the form of Pine Forest, Kaenka Lake, and Fatunausus Marble Cliffs. This community service seeks to increase tourism awareness for the people of Fatukoto Village through the SAPTA PESONA approach. The method chosen in implementing this community service is community education in which there are observations, interviews, documentation, focus group discussions, and socialization. The number of participants who took part in this service activity was 30 people aged 17-50 years. The result of this community service is the formation of a tourism awareness group in Fatukoto Village and a tourism work program in Fatukoto Village such as plans for cultural activities, regulations on the cleanliness of tourist attractions, and commitment to building Fatukoto tourism villages.

Community Based Rural Tourism (CBRT) : The Impact on Local Residents Quality of Life in Indonesia

Kemiren village is well known today as one of the tourist destinations that has a distinctive appeal to the culture of the Osing tribe, which is one of the tribes found on Java. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of community-based rural tourism (CBRT) activities with an approach to the economic, socio-cultural and natural environment dimensions associated with the quality of life of residents in Kemiren village. The results of the research conducted show that tourism activities in the area have been able to become a source of income for most households in order to improve the standard of living of the Kemiren villagers. However, the development of tourism activities that occurs has an impact on changes in the livelihoods of local residents because of the high profits obtained from tourism activities. Increased job opportunities have also led to a high flow of people working there. Protection of the environment is seen as not a priority in relation to tourism activities in development carried out by local governments. However, Kemiren village’s resident still have high concern and are actively involved in preserving the environment. Local people believe in development of tourism activities will impact their welfare.

Protokol New Normal Order Pasca Pandemi COVID-19 dalam Pengembangan Kampoeng Boenga Grangsil Berbasis Masyarakat

The tourism development sector in Indonesia is overgrowing . D uring the COVID-19 p andemic, it was the sector most affected economically. The COVID1-9 p andemic has changed the "normal" conditions in all life sectors, including tourism sector activities. The uncertainty over the end of the COVID-19 p andemic requires us to adapt to the n ew c onditions, the n ew p rerequisites (social and physical distancing), and the n ew o rder (physical, social, and health) preparing the n ew n ormal o rder p rotocol. The recovery of tourism sector activities must be aware of the emergence of new clusters in tourist destinations . The purpose of the discussion in this paper is to produce a n ew n ormal o rder p rotocol after the COVID-19 p andemic for the development of sustainable community-based rural tourism destinations. The efforts that prepare are the n ew n ormal o rder after COVID-19, by taking into account: (1) Mitigation of tourism "disasters" due to COVID-19; prevent new clusters in tourist villages/villages (2) Compilation of health protocols for tourist destinations during the COVID-19 p andemic e ra; (3) Strengthening information on destination environmental health; (4) Strengthening the Destination Management Organization (DMO) especially for the management of the COVID-19 t ourism v illage p rotocol; and (5) Increasing stakeholder participation towards a n ew n ormal o rder. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4803

Peran Masyarakat Dalam Mewujudkan Desa Wisata: Studi di Kampung Nelayan, Tanjung Binga, Kabupaten Belitung

This paper aims at analyzing the opportunities for managing and developing Kampung Nelayan as Desa wisata tourism village); 2) recommending efforts or steps to optimize the role and function of the community in managing tourism village. This paper employed a qualitative methodology in understanding and analyzing the actual condition of Kampung Nelayan through interviews and observation. The research was done in 2019 by visiting the research area. The research shows that Kampung Nelayan in Belitung Regency has the potential as a tourism village. Cultural tourism, with an emphasis on community-based rural tourism, is essential to attract visitors. The hospitality of the local people is an important factor in supporting the implementation of community-based rural tourism. This paper proposes the role of the local community for the implementation of a tourism village, including the initiator, executor, and evaluator. The local community, as the stakeholder of tourism, may implement stages (functions) such as socialization, economic, participation, and mutual support to achieve the goals of tourism village.

Staying Afloat: Operating Tourism in Disaster-Prone Areas of Mesilou, Sabah

Multi-hazards and disasters affect our lives greatly and therefore it become everyone’s business. Every time disaster hit a community, it left substantial damages to physical and nonphysical components (particularly economic and social aspects) that shaped our livelihood. From the community-based rural tourism (CBRT) point of view, disaster occurrences often led to significant decrease to destination image and reputation, increase fear of safety, damaging infrastructure and agriculture land. These led to the declining of tourist arrivals which affect income generation and revenue from tourism to the community. Failure to acknowledge these direct and indirect effects might weaken the tourism community’s capacity in coping with future disasters. Based on previous studies on CBRT in disaster-prone areas, researchers have uncovered unique cases whereby some rural communities that operates tourism as a vital income are able to raise above adversity and become resilient. In this light, a tourism community in Mesilou Village in Sabah, Malaysia is selected as a case study. This community was badly affected by 6.0-magnitude earthquake that hit Kota Belud in June 2015. At the time, a study of the post-earthquake has been conducted by a group of researchers from UTM in October 2015 and discovered that Mesilou had about 20 homestay operators. For nearly six months after the earthquake, the majority of CBRT operators were affected with high booking cancellation, damages of infrastructure (main road, bridges), disruption of water and electricity supplies and local transportation which hindered tourists from coming to their village. In October 2018, an impact study had been conducted by the same researchers from UTM and found that CBRT in Mesilou not only recovered from the disaster, but remarkably has been booming since then. This is evident from the survey which indicated a growing number of homestays from 20 full time operators (until 2015) to 40 homestays by October 2018. Two general conclusions can be made from the result of data analysis; (1) disaster did not deter the tourists from visiting Mesilou after the earthquake; (2) the CBRT operators pose strong social, economic and environmental capitals to “bounce back” from adversity and rebuilt the community prior to the disasters. This paper will discuss the lessons learned from CBRT operators in Mesilou regarding business recovery and resiliency prior to disaster.

Yasuo Ohe, Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship： A Microeconomic Approach., Springer 2020 February

Yasuo Ohe, Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship： A Microeconomic Approach., Springer 2020 February

A MODEL OF COMMUNITY-BASED RURAL TOURISM PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT

The local community always took for granted the establishment of a tourist village as a rural tourism product. Likewise prevailed in Pinge Tourism Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali. In the context of developing rural tourism products in the Pinge Tourism Village, the participation of local communities is required to ensure the sustainability of tourism in rural areas. This paper aims to build a model for developing local community-based rural tourism products in Pinge Tourism Village. Community-based tourism (CBT) approaches are used to formulate models for rural tourism product development. The required data is collected through observation and interviews and then analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis indicate local community-based rural tourism products are tourist pull factors in rural areas in the form of environmental characteristics and the practice of rural communities. The uniqueness of rural character and rural community routines are tourism capital posses by local communities. In addition to physical and socio-cultural uniqueness, rural tourism products are also determined by conformity with the target market. The existence of this rural tourism product model can increase local community participation in decision making and sharing of tourism benefits.

커뮤니티기반 농촌관광 주민조직의 집단효능감 형성과정

Community-based rural tourism is characterized by the interdependent nature of local residents using cultural and natural resources and human networks to create economic benefits for the region. It is important to understand collective efficacy in community-based rural tourism that performs interdependent tasks with the belief of group members that group competence is capable of performing specific tasks in common. This study conducted a case study with an exploratory study on the formation of collective efficacy in community-based rural tourism. The study site of the case was selected as Sumi village in Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, and the research was conducted using semi-structured interviews and internal reports of the community organization. Data were analyzed to understand collective efficacy among residents who operate rural tourism. Results showed that collective efficacy was formed in three dimensions: conflict resolution and decision making, resource utilization and redistribution, and technology and information acquisition. Also, collective efficacy was formed step by step at each dimension.

Community-Based Rural Tourism in Inter-Organizational Collaboration: How Does It Work Sustainably? Lessons Learned from Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

In recent years, socio-economic disparities, especially between rural and urban areas (Gini index up to 0.4) have attracted significant concern from the Government of Indonesia, which developed a community-based rural tourism program as one of the attempts to overcome this problem. Though the program seems quite promising, the implementation was challenging, especially regarding sustainability. Therefore, successful and sustainable practical examples are needed. This paper analyzes the results of a case study from the experiences of community-based tourism implementation in Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which was considered as successful and sustainable. The main focus of this research is on how the collaboration and involvement of the related inter-organizational stakeholders, initiated by the local community, particularly the youth, has contributed to the program sustainability. Data and information for this study were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documents review. This study found that the local community has a major role in implementing the program, among those various entities of stakeholders. Hence, the paper states this is the key to the success and sustainability of the program.

Turismo Rural Comunitario y organización colectiva: un enfoque comparativo en México

This paper is a comparative study of the processes that took place in the construction of community-based rural tourism (CBRT) initiatives and their actual management through the perceptions of stakeholders, based on observation and results obtained during fieldwork. The research focused of four CBRT initiatives in Mexico and used a qualitative and participatory methodology. We were able to identify some key aspects that positively and negatively influenced the tourism initiatives, some of which are common and others specific to each process. Additionally, the research showed the relationship between the construction process of the initiatives and their actual management, highlighting the importance of local participation, social cohesion and community social capital as key factors of success for CBRT.

PRODUK PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI WILAYAH PERDESAAN

This paper addressed the process of the development of community-based rural tourism products in Pinge Tourism Village. Community-based rural tourism products are acknowledged as a tourist attraction in rural areas created by local communities be based on the tourism resources that possess by communities themselves. Pinge Tourism Village has a various of tourism resources that can be developed as a local community-based rural tourism product. From the inside of the physical environment resources to the diversity of social and cultural heritage. In adaptation with the mapping of tourism resources, can be determined the themes of development of community-based rural tourism products. There are four themes that can be considered for the development of community-based rural tourism products in Pinge Tourism Village, specifically spiritual routine, agricultural routine, gastro-cultural routine, and communal routine. These four themes further form the basis for determining community-based rural tourism products or special interest tourism activities of traditional villages in Pinge Tourism Village. There are several guidelines for the development of community-based rural tourism products that can be developed in Pinge Tourism Village such as spiritual tourism, agritourism, culinary tourism, and rural nightlife attraction.