Community-based Ecotourism Development Research Articles

Sekala - niskala: A Local Cultural Approach in Developing Community-Based Ecotourism in Pemuteran, Bali (Commemorating I Gusti Agung Prana's Initiative)

Sekala - niskala: A Local Cultural Approach in Developing Community-Based Ecotourism in Pemuteran, Bali (Commemorating I Gusti Agung Prana's Initiative) IK Sardiana, IK Mahardika, IGA Oka Suryawardani, IM. Sarjana, NLR. Purnawan Abstract The purpose of this study is to reconstruct Agung Prana's steps in organizing the and developing of community-based ecotourism in Pemuteran Village. It creates a Balinese social engineering prototype in CBE development, that can be used as standard operating procedures for community empowerment activities. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research has been conducted with qualitative method in which SAP-LAP analysis is used to examine research findings and other supporting materials. The results showed that Agung Prana as Balinese local champion implemented local genius way on empowering Pemuteran Village on coral reefs sustainability and create image of the village as marine tourism icon in the north of Bali Islands. The way of Agung Prana to inspire local people building tourism knowledge and practices is called ―sekala-niskala‖ approach. Pemuteran Villagers had good opinion and respect to Agung Prana as socioentreprenur on helping themselves to find solution of the problem in the village. Therefor the recommendation could be suggested that sekala-niskala approach should be widespread on community-based ecotourism (CBE) development process Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jthm.v8n2a12

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AIR TERJUN OEHALA SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Oehala Waterfall is one of the tourism potentials which has been decided as one of the natural tourist attraction at Timor Tengah Selatan regency. The development is not able to meet the expectation which is only to supply the tourism facilities at Oehala Waterfall location. In the ecotourism context, the development should be oriented to strengthen then the local community role and involvement. However, in the development of Oehala tourist attraction, the local community has not been involved actively because of the weakness of the human resources in tourism aspect. The objective of this research are: 1) Analizing the internal environment condition and Oehala tourist attraction external; and 2) Formulating the community based tourism ecotourism development program at Oehala Waterfall tourist attraction.
 The result of the research shows that in successing the community based ecotourism development at Oehala tourist attraction, so the strategy and program which should be developed are the product development and the natural tourist attraction and ecotourism culture based, the development of tourism facility, the development of human resources and organization establishment, the development of promotion and marketing, and also the ecotourism development which is eco-friendly.

Development of Community-Based Ecotourism in Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province

This research was aimed to (1) identify tourism objects in Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency and (2) analyse tourism readiness in Ngargoyoso District to be developed into community-based ecotourism. Data was collected through observingthe environmental conditions, determining tourism objects locations through GPS, and interviewing managers, communities and tourists. The development of Community Based Ecosystem readiness evaluation follows CBE which was developed by WTO and INDECON with regard to four aspects namely socio-economic, socio-cultural, environmental and management aspects. The results showed that: (1) in Ngargoyoso Sub district there were 19 tourism objects, consists of 2 cultural tourism objects, 5 original natural objects and 12 artificial natural objects; (2) The results of the CBE readiness evaluation of Ngargoyoso Sub district were, 5 tourism objects were in very good categories, 12 objects were in good category, one tourismobjectwas in medium category and one tourist objectwas in very bad category.

STAKEHOLDERS’ INVOLVEMENT AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS IN SUPPORTING COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM IN MIN HOUSE CAMP, KUBANG KERIAN

One of the new forms of ecotourism product is community-based ecotourism (CBE) which is involved and managed locally by the communities in its development and management, and substantial benefits remain within the community. Stakeholder's involvement in CBE development plays an important role in the success and sustainable development in rural Min House Camp, Kubang Kerian Kelantan. Stakeholders such as governments, private enterprises, local communities, institutions, non- governmental organizations and volunteer tourists involved in the planning and decision-making process of the rural ecotourism management and conservation. This study has been conducted in Min House Camp which located at the village of Kampung Pulau that involved different stakeholders using the partial least square structural equation modeling method. The findings show stakeholder's involvement has significantly influenced on perceived benefit and perceived cost. The business operator should understand the importance of perceived benefits and costs of community-based ecotourism as this construct has a strong influence to support community-based ecotourism development in rural MHC. This study provides useful information for the policymaker, government, and tourism operators to enhance greater stakeholder participation in developing and sustaining community-based ecotourism.

Analysis of Object and Attractiveness of Community-Based Ecotourism in Coastal Area of Mempawah Regency

Mangrove ecotourism in the Mempawah coastal area began to be developed and initiated by local communities who are concerned in the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem. This is also supported by the increasing number of tourists to visit ecotourism, so that the development of ecotourism needs to be supported by tourist attractiveness as well as learning to tourists to care about their environment in accordance with the principles of ecotourism namely responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local people. This paper focuses on analyzing the potential value of community-based ecotourism objects and its attractiveness. The assessment indicator based on the guidelines for assessment of natural tourism attractiveness was used to assess the objects and attractiveness in three specific ecotourism locations which are managed by local communities in Mempawah, namely Pasir, Bakau, and Mendalok Village. This study involves the participation of tourists who have visited the ecotourism site. The study found that the potential value of the object and attractiveness mangrove ecotourism in Mempawah Area was 3,105 with an average score of 388 meaning that it ispotentially developed, and also increasing recommendations related to community-based ecotourism development.

Community Based Ecotourism Development at Kahitestsa Forest and Environs Awi Zone, Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges

The research focuses on investigation of opportunities and challenges of community based ecotourism (CBET) development in kehitastse forest and environs. Qualitative research design was employed and 40 key informants were selected purposively from 6 different target groups. Observation was also used to deeply investigate important information with details of structured observation check list. Information was also collected and recorded through Photographs. Secondary data source such as, journal articles, reports, proclamations and policy documents relevant to the topic under study were also reviewed and used for analysis. The process of data analysis and drawing of conclusion was employed qualitative analysis method. It was contextualized and themed in to similar characteristics and triangulated to reach in to conclusion. The finding shows that the area is rich in natural and cultural tourism resources for CBET. Moreover, accessibility and proper demarcation of the forest, engagement of micro finance (credit and saving) institution towards CBET, engagement of cooperative institutions to involve in CBET activities, availability of tourism policy and ecotourism guidelines in the area are some of opportunities for community based ecotourism development. However, conflict between human and nature, lack of capacity, engagement and cooperation among stakeholders to involve in CBET business, lack of infrastructures and promotion of the forest are some of challenges for CBET development. It is recommended that environmentally sound, culturally friendly and economically feasible community-based ecotourism should be developed in the destination to bring local sustainable development. Keywords: Opportunities, Challenges, Community Based Ecotourism Establishment, Sustainable Development, DOI : 10.7176/JTHS/43-04 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

An Investigation of Tourism Potential, Communities’ Awareness and Engagement Towards Community Based Ecotourism Development in Kehitastse Forest and Environs, Ethiopia

The research focuses on investigation of tourism potential, communities’ awareness and engagement towards community based ecotourism development in kehitastse forest and environs. Descriptive research design was employed and 91 samples selected out of 957 households through simple random sampling technique for quantitative data; however purposive sampling technique was used for qualitative data. The data were collected through questionnaire survey, key informant interview, field observation and secondary data sources. Over all thematic data analysis method was used. Data collected through questionnaire was analyzed through using Uni-variate descriptive statistics (range, frequency and percentage ) while qualitative data was mainly used to triangulate the study to reach in to conclusion. The finding shows that the area is rich in natural and cultural tourism resources for community based ecotourism development. Moreover, the community's positive attitude and engagement towards tourism developed in the area are some of prospects for community based ecotourism development although unsustainable exploitation of the forest for grazing, fire wood, housing, charcoal, lumbering household and agricultural materials are some of adverse effects on sustainable development of the forest. It is recommended that environmentally sound, culturally friendly and economically feasible community-based ecotourism should be developed in the destination to bring local sustainable development. Keywords: Tourism Potential, Community Based Ecotourism Development, Sustainable Development, Communities Awareness and Engagement DOI : 10.7176/JTHS/42-02 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Community based ecotourism development of Jatigede Reservoir in Pakualam Village of Darmaraja Sub district of Sumedang Regency

Jatigede Reservoir area has a role as a power plant, the provider of irrigation water, fisheries, and tourism. Tourism that is suitable to be developed in the reservoir area is ecotourism, which is a natural tourism that unites sustainably conservation, society, and travel. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of Pakualam Village as ecotourism area, to analyze community involvement in ecotourism management, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in developing ecotourism in the Pakualam Village. This study used qualitative descriptive method with case study techniques. Data collection was carried out through observation, focus group discussion, in-depth interview and literature study. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and technical boundary partner. The results showed that forest resources, rice fields and waters in Pakualam Village had the potential of ecotourism. In utilizing these potential resources, community involvement existed both as an initiator, implementer or beneficiary. The supporting factors of ecotourism that were found included the cool and natural beauty of natural panorama, the availability of typical culinary and the local wisdom of Pakualam Village community. The main inhibiting factors in the development of ecotourism in this area included poor road infrastructure, limited facilities and supporting institutions.

Community Participation in Development of Ecotourism in Taman Beach, Pacitan District

Taman Beach as one of the superior tourist destinations in Pacitan has now begun to develop. The development of Taman Beach tourism object is inseparable from the efforts which are initiated by the Group of Turtle Rescue Society for Tourism “Taman Ria”which develops turtle conservation activities through the concept of community-based ecotourism. Local people have also developed tourist attractions such as flying fox and swimming pools to attract tourists to visit it and a portion of the tourism incomes for the funding of turtle conservation activities. However, in the development process, there are problems such as the low level of community participation and the lack of management of tourist object that is integrated with the local community.This study aims to analyze the role and level of community participation in supporting the development of community-based ecotourism in the Taman Beach area. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Quantitative data analysis using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach. Data collection is done by using questionnaires and observations in the field. The variables studied included the dimensions of planning, management, monitoring, and supervision. The results of the study indicate that the involvement of local communities in the development of ecotourism does not support sustainability, with an average sustainability index value of 46.864. The level of community participation according to Arnstein's participatory ladder from the aspect of planning and management aspects has reached the level of placement participation in the tokenism category (accepting the provisions). Whereas from the aspect of monitoring and controlling has reached the level of consultation participation in the tokenism category (accepting the provisions). The results of the analysis show that policy strategies are needed to increase community participation through increasing community roles and responsibilities in planning, management, monitoring, and controlling. Keywords: community based, ecotourism, multidimensional scaling

Study of Community Based Ecotourism Development in Mangrove Area of Mempawah District, West Kalimantan

Mangrove forests as natural ecosystems, have high ecological and economic value. Rapidly growing population, causing the needs of human life is increasing, as a consequence of increased development and settlement. This will create pressure on natural resources, where the utilization has not yet taken into consideration any losses that have ecological impacts. Implementation of ecotourism system in mangrove forest ecosystem is an approach in sustainable utilization of mangrove forest ecosystem. The ecosystem suitability index for mangrove tourism in Village Pasir Mempawah Hilir Mempawah District is classified into very suitable (SS) and conditional (SB) categories for ecotourism development. This shows that the mangrove area in the Village Pasir Mempawah Hilir Mempawah District is suitable to serve as a tourist area. An alternative strategy of ecotourism management of mangrove priority in the coastal area of Pasir Village, Mempawah Hilir, Mempawah District, is to increase the effort of mangrove planting on the beach (replanting) in ecotourism development area. Thus, all areas in the location meet the criteria appropriate for mangrove ecotourism areas based on ecological parameters.

Community Based Ecotourism Strategies: Key Indicators For Successful Practices In Developing Countries

Community-Based Ecotourism Development (CBE) strategy is considered the logical link between the environment, local community, and tourism industry. It emphasizes on locals’ support and the fact that encouragement and motivation are the only ways to attain the protection of the environment and the enhancement of tourism development. Ecotourism practices in many countries faced various obstacles that hinder their success such as lack of training, services, infrastructure, and marketing budget. Therefore, The CBE strategies have been formulated by some developing countries to fill in these gaps. These governments have actually succeeded in the implementation of those strategies, and it showed a positive impact on economic development, environmental management, and local community empowerment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of successful community-based ecotourism initiatives and identify the principles of a successful CBE development strategy and its indicators, by analyzing the different implemented strategies in those developing countries, using the analytical and comparative approach. The paper focused on four developing countries, which are: Kenya, Jordan, Tunisia, and India, in addition to their strategic locations and their unique ecological characteristics, the case studies were selected also based on their followed successful techniques in facing their economic, social, political, and ecological problems and challenges. The paper concludes the methods used to measure the success of these strategies by identifying several and varied indicators that should be taken into account to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.

Challenges of Community-based Ecotourism Development in Southern Eastern Nigeria: Case Study of Iko Esai Community

Challenges of Community-based Ecotourism Development in Southern Eastern Nigeria: Case Study of Iko Esai Community

English

Community based ecotourism is one of the most rapidly growing industries in the world, and also an economic activity that can encourage local people in developing countries to protect and preserve natural resources. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Wunania Konoye for conservation and community-based ecotourism development. Cross sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative methods was used to describe the existing situations. A total of 200 participants completed a questionnaire and interviews were conducted with key informants. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. The three kebeles in the study area (Chirambezo, Kosoye Ambarsa and Gunda Chugie) were rich in natural and cultural attraction, though there was significant difference between Chirambezo and Kosoye Ambaras in this respect. In terms of accessibility, there is significant difference among the three kebeles. The human resources, accessibility and infrastructure were sufficient to develop and promote an ecotourism destination. The area has huge potential to develop community-based ecotourism, but amenities were either poorly developed or nonexistent. Therefore, amenities such as electricity, water supply, security and information centers should be developed based on ecotourism standards. Key word: Conservation, ecotourism, Ethiopia, tourism resources, Wunania Kosoye.

Development of Community-Based Ecotourism of Mangrove Forest in Wonorejo, Surabaya

Wonorejo Mangrove Ecotourism of Surabaya is one of the protected forest areas in Surabaya as mentioned in the Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2007 regarding with Surabaya Urban Spatial Planning. Ecotourism mangrove can be developed as an alternative tourism that has an added value both for the improvement of coastal communities’ local economic potential as well as for the introduction of ecosystems and biota diversity of coastal areas and oceans. This study inspects on the potential of mangrove ecotourism and its management efforts in a conservation zone based on the subtleties and status of ecosystem impairment. It is receded that the mangrove forest ecosystem is currently undergoing pressures that affect the shrinkage of mangrove area. Mangrove conservation can be carried by promoting conservation activities and community participation. To achieve these tasks, there are requirements to support from the government of Surabaya City in preparing the facilities, provide means and infrastructure, empower the surrounding community as well as what more important is to promote the region as an alternative tourist destination.

Opportunities and Challenges for Multi-Level-Stakeholder Participation in Community-Based Ecotourism Development: The Case of the Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana

Opportunities and Challenges for Multi-Level-Stakeholder Participation in Community-Based Ecotourism Development: The Case of the Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana

Development Of Community Based Ecotourism In Bahoi Village, West Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency

In the spatial development of North Sulawesi Province, Bahoi Village is one of the coral reef conservation development areas developed into community based ecotourism village. One area that has the potential is Bahoi Village District West Likupang North Minahasa District with the concept of marine community-based ecotourism. This potential is supported by Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2014 in North Sulawesi Province Spatial Planning. This study aims to determine the status of ecotourism development in Bahoi Village and evaluate the principles and concepts of ecotourism using a qualitative descriptive method. In this research, the data were taken by conducting literature study, verification, field survey, and an interview. Interviews were conducted using questionnaires as many as 18 questions/statements containing topics on the management of ecotourism in Bahoi Village, ecotourism concepts, and principles. Questions are presented and analyzed using R and SPSS programs. R is an integrated software unit with several facilities for manipulation, calculation, and reliable graphics performance. SPSS is an application that has a high enough statistical analysis capability and data management systems in the graphical environment by using descriptive menus in simple dialog boxes and easy to understand how to operate. Based on the results of the analysis, there are several problems concerning the management of ecotourism that still overlap, ecotourism principles that have not been reached, especially on economic principles, and the lack of community empowerment. Through this research it can be concluded that ecotourism of Bahoi Village has not given full impact, ecotourism management which is not good can, in turn, forget the economic interest of the local community, and there is urgent need to make Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) of ecotourism for community-based ecotourism management. Furthermore, the concept and principles of ecotourism that has not been applied thoroughly then need to be reviewed for better future.Keywords: development, marine ecotourism, ecotourism management, Bahoi villageABSTRAKDalam pengembangan tata ruang Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Desa Bahoi merupakan salah satu kawasan pengembangan koservasi terumbu karang yang dikembangkan menjadi Desa Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat.Salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi tersebut yaitu Desa Bahoi Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dengan konsep ekowisata bahari berbasis masyarakat. Potensi ini didukung dengan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yaitu Desa Bahoi merupakan salah satu kawasan pengembangan konservasi terumbu karang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status pengembangan ekowisata yang ada di Desa Bahoi dan mengevaluasi prinsip-prinsip dan konsep ekowisata menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini data di ambil dengan studi literature, verifikasi, survei lapangan dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebanyak 18 Pertanyaan/pernyataan yang berisisi tentang pengelolaan ekowisata di Desa Bahoi, konsep dan prinsip-prinsip ekowisata. Pertanyaan disajikan dan di analisis menggunakan program R dan SPSS. R adalah suatu kesatuan software yang terintegrasi dengan beberapa fasilitas untuk manipulasi, perhitungan dan penampilan grafik yang handal. SPSS adalah sebuah program aplikasi yang memiliki kemampuan analisis statistik cukup tinggi serta sistem manajemen data pada lingkungan grafis dengan menggunakan menu-menu deskriptif dan kotak-kotak dialog yang sederhana sehingga mudah untuk dipahami cara pengoperasiannya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan terdapat beberapa masalah mengenai pengelolaan ekowisata yang masih tumpang tindih, peinsip-prinsip ekowisata yang belum tercapai terutama pada prinsip ekonomi, kurangnya pemberdayaan masyarakat .Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan ekowisata Desa Bahoi belum memeberi dampak secara menyeluruh, pengolaan ekowisata yang kurang baik dapat melupakan kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat lokal untuk itu perlu di buat Standar Operasional Prosedur ekowisata yang mengatur manajemen ekowisata,. Kosep dan prinsip-prinsip ekowisata yang belum diterapkan secara menyeluruh maka perlu di kaji kembali.Kata Kunci: Kajian pengembangan, ekowisata bahari, pengelolaan Ekowisata, Desa Bahoi

Sustainability of Community Based Ecotourism Development after the Impact of Tsunami Disasters: Comparison between Buddhism Community and Muslim Community in Phuket Province, Thailand

Community base ecotourism development has a tool for biodiversity conservation and environment protection including social sustainability and sustainable community economic development. This paper assesses implementation of CBED and compares sustainability of ecotourism development between Tha Chat Chai Buddhist (TCCB) community and Bang Rong Muslim (BRM) community. The data collected mainly through the household questionnaire survey, field observations, in depth interviews and focus group discussion. 315 households were informed in this paper including 160 of TCCB and 155 of BRM participants. The study use 74 indicators based on 7 dimensions, environment, social, cultural heritage, economic, marketing, spirituality and religious traditions and policy. Results from this analysis indicate that sustainability of CBED in two communities is significant different in social, marketing and spirituality and religious traditions context. BRM community is very successful in sustainability of CBED more than the TCCB community. The results reveal that varied greatly between two communities with empowerment and local community involvement in implementation of CBE. However, both communities have poorest sustainability on economic dimension. The need to achieve sustainability of CBED, partnerships should be collaborative making design policies for enhancing CBE to sustainable development.

Opportunities and challenges for community-based ecotourism development: A case study in Dinsho and Goba Woredas, Southeast Ethiopia

Opportunities and challenges for community-based ecotourism development: A case study in Dinsho and Goba Woredas, Southeast Ethiopia

IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON

Longterm goals to be achieved from this study was to determine the benefitts of ecotourism activities for the improvement of public welfare and conservation of natural resources in the protected forests of Mount Sirimau. Specific targets to be achieved is to know the tourism development strategy by focusing on real public participation through community participation in the entire ecotourism activities ranging from planning to evaluation monitoring.Metode research used survey method by observation, interviews and focus group discussions between groups of conscious travel, community and government Hukurila country. FGD conducted modified from the PRA method with the process includes the formulation of the problem, identification of alternative problem-solving and implementation. Cooperation with stakeholders through a partnership approach. Data were analyzed qualitative descriptive to describe implimentasi community-based ecotourism development. The results showed that the group of tourism awareness “Nine” into institutional forum in the village who managed Hukurila ecotourism in the country. Activities include participatory community activities in terms of return decisions, participation in the implementation of activities such as a tour guide providers, providers of food and beverage services, environmental cleanup and promotion of tourist sites and providers of travel and participation and maintenance of facilities and infrastructure. While the partnership approach includes the development of local human resources such as training Website creatio cooperation aware group travel with community organizations, counseling with the theme “Precious Hukurila” about the introduction of the surrounding environment. Cooperation Foundation Heka Leka, YES (Youth Exchanges and Study USA).

KAJIAN POTENSI HUTAN MANGROVE DI LAMPUNG MANGROVE CENTER (LMC) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT

Forest provides basic ecosystem services to adjacent local people welfare. Ecotourism is one of the goverment program to improve the livelihood, by full local people involvement on planning, management and evaluation. Margasari, East L ampung, with its 700 ha mangrove forest, has a ahigh potential natural resources to develop community based ecotourism program. Study on evaluating mangrove forestas community based ecotourism was conducted in Lampung Mangrove Center, Margasari, East Lampung. collected data were analyzed qualitatively using SWOT with hope to obtain a mangrove forest potential for community-based ecotourism development. Potential of mangrove forests in LMC into category medium. Total of 98 % agreed if the community perception was developed as a community-based ecotourism. Motivation tourists visiting as much as 27 % for research, 37 % for recreation and rest along the mangroves by boat (36 %). LMC real carrying capacity of area can accommodate as many as 170 people / day, while the carrying capacity of the facility and amenitas 174 people / visit. SWOT analysis illustrates the mangrove forests in LMC has potential to be developed as a community-based ecotourism destination.