Community-based Ecotourism Research Articles

The Future of Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) in China’s Protected Areas: A Consistent Optimal Scenario for Multiple Stakeholders

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) has become a popular strategy to alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and community development. As the stakeholders of CBET, the community’s participation in the planning process is of great importance to in order to realize the sustainability of CBET. Taking a community in Wolong Nature Reserve as a case study, in this study we developed a decision-making participation mechanism based on the participatory scenario method. Through this mechanism, community stakeholders can effectively reach consensus with other stakeholders on the planning of CBET in the future. The results showed that community participation in the planning process can mean decisions are more likely to reflect their interests. They unanimously proposed that future CBET must adhere to the basic principle of protecting biodiversity and must maximize the welfare of the community. Moreover, achieving the sustainability of CBET in protected areas requires the cooperation of all stakeholders.

THE COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON “TAMAN BEJI GRIYA” IN PUNGGUL VILLAGE, ABIAN SEMAL, BADUNG

<p><br />The community-based ecotourism (CBET) is a new paradigm of tourism to encourage<br />the preservation of nature and culture, as well as improve the economy of local people. The development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” in Punggul Village which is managed by the extended family community, “Griya Gede Manuaba Punggul”, is the main focus of this study. This CBET combines natural attractions such as waterfalls and caves with malukat and tirtayatra rituals, without changing its socio-religious function. Through a management strategy and a SWOT analysis approach, the development pattern and the potential and constraints of this CBET can be identified. This study found that the development pattern of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” includes the environment scanning, formulation strategy, implementation strategy, evaluation and control. The potential and constraints for the development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” include internal and external factors. The internal potential includes land ownership status, management competence, and family support. Its external potential includes positive responses from tourists, community support, and the influence of social media. Internal constraints include limited financial capital, human resources, and management. Externally, the constraints include government regulations, relationships with traditional institutions and local agencies, as well as uncertain sources of income.</p>

A Sustainable Tourism Based on a New Institutional Economics Approach: Ecotourism Based on the Community in the Gasan Gadang Fishermen Village

This study aimed to determine the patterns of development and implementation of community-based ecotourism management and identify the impact of the community-based ecotourism in Gasan Gadang Village on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the surrounding community. The methodology used was descriptive analysis with a new institutional economics approach and the Kruskal-Wallis Test analysis. The patterns of development and implementation of community-based ecotourism management with all levels of social change analysis, including formal and informal rules such as culture, customs, habits of Gasan Gadang villagers, institutional and governance management, and even the economy, are considered good. The Community-based ecotourism management has adopted the theory of resource allocation among stakeholders of Gasan Gadang Village. The findings of this study showed that community-based ecotourism institutions and management bring positive impacts on economic, social, and culture. There was no significant difference among economic, social, and environmental impacts between the non-authorities and community-based ecotourism authorities of Gasan Gadang Village. Thus, it could be said that the benefits of community-based ecotourism received by the community were all the same. Everyone got positive benefits. However, based on the findings, it could be seen that the biggest difference was the economic impacts followed by the social impacts, while the smallest difference is the environmental impacts. From this situation, it could be concluded that the performance of community-based ecotourism authorities in Gasan Gadang Village was good and positively impacted the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the Gasan Gadang Village fishermen community.

Determinants of Livelihood Diversification: The Case of Community-Based Ecotourism in Oaxaca, Mexico

Diversification is a livelihood strategy that households use to survive and to absorb disturbances. Community-based ecotourism (CBE) is part of a set of sustainable options that are available to households for diversification. This paper analyses households’ capital assets that increase the probability of a family becoming involved in a CBE compared to other forms of diversification, and empirical evidence is presented for coastal communities located in Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on household surveys and a multinomial logit econometric model, the results show that the probability that a household decides to become involved in CBE increases for households with young people and those that have their basic needs covered by government programs or small agricultural production. Other forms of diversification are positively related to agreements within the community, woodfire use, and the presence of irrigated lands. Thus, CBE is determined by specific assets mentioned previously compared to other forms of diversification. Particularly, to promote CBE, tourism policies need to consider households’ human, social, natural, and financial capital assets and the associated programs in an integrated way to enhance community development.

Land suitability and economic value of ecotourism development in Masjid Lake of Kuantan Singingi District, Indonesia

Masjid Lake is one of the Objects and Attractions of Nature Tourism (ODTWA) in Riau Province, which is located in Koto Kari Village, Central Kuantan Sub-District, Kuantan Singingi District. This area is potential to support the economic in the non-oil and gas sector. However, the ecotourism development in this area is not yet optimal because it is not supported by integrated ecotourism development planning. In order to support integrated ecotourism planning, this research was conducted to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the environment, conduct economic valuation and formulate sustainable ecotourism management strategies. Data type have been used include secondary and primary data. Secondary data include thematic map, rainfall, number of visitor and current ecotourism management system. Primary data include bio-geophysical aspects of water in the lake and environment surrounding the lake, tourist characteristics and management status. Secondary data compiled from relevant sources and formal institutions, while primary data collected with observation and survey. The land suitability analysis used were weighted linear combination (WLC) method followed by the Douglas method to calculate the carrying capacity of the environment. The economic valuation of ecotourism was assessed by the traveling cost method (TCM). Meanwhile sustainable ecotourism management strategy was prepared based on evaluation of the sustainability of management with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and SWOT-AHP. Based on the analysis, it can be explained that suitable area (S1+S2+S3) for ecotourism development in Masjid Lake around 21.87 ha or 95.10% of Masjid Lake ecosystem, Meanwhile, 1.1 ha (4.9%) not suitable (N) for ecotourism development. From 21.87 hectares of suitable land, it is known that the physical carrying capacity (PCC) value = 9,574 visitors/day, real carrying capacity (RCC) = 6,755 visitors / day and effective carrying capacity (ECC) = 3,378 visitors / day. While the actual tourist visit around 54 visitor/day is not exceeded environmental carrying capacity. The willingness to pay (WTP) value of tourists whom visiting to Masjid Lake around IDR 184,701 / visit / year, giving an actual economic value = IDR 3.64 billion / year, it smaller than available potential economic value=IDR 260.95 billion / year. Based on the MCA and SWOT - AHP analysis, it is shows that the sustainability status of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified as poor category with sustainability index=40.0%. However, based on the external and internal factors analysis, it shows that the current situation of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified in the favourable category because it has more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses and threats. The strategy that must established to improve current ecotourism management in Masjid Lake is a growth-oriented strategy, as follows: (1) Established an integrated sustainable ecotourism management plan (ISEMP) that accommodates all sustainable ecotourism development aspects; (2) Using the ISEMP as the basis to assess the feasibility a community-based ecotourism management; (3) Improve staff capacity and community participation for continuous ecotourism innovations; (4) Implement a digital-based ecotourism product marketing system according to market trends; and (5) Improving the ecotourism development accountability system and built ecotourism management reputation continuously.

Natural resources and policies for community-based ecotourism

This paper in particular deals with the analysis and reviews of the ecotourism policies and the framework of the state of Uttarakhand and the Indian government. In general, it evaluates and discusses the future and significance of the natural resources for the development of the community-based ecotourism in Uttarakhand for the sustainable development of the villages including conservation of biological diversity. This paper argues that the homestay programme, if encouraged, might help the state to achieve its goal of ecotourism and the green economy. Tourism was given an industry status by the government of Uttarakhand in 2018, providing attractive incentives and subsidies. Nevertheless, there is still a need for the appropriate policy framework for the better management of the natural resources, development and the training of the various stakeholders and the entrepreneurs involved in the community-based ecotourism industry.

MANGROVE MONITORING USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI): CASE STUDY IN NORTH HALMAHERA, INDONESIA

Community-based ecotourism is an appropriate approach which is effectively preserved mangrove sustainability. As an effort to identify the priority areas of mangrove development, mangrove density levels need to be analyzed. The distribution of mangroves with the lowest average density value needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept. This article aims to identify the distribution of mangroves using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) model in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. Also, discuss the sustainable livelihoods' perspective. This study adopted a mixed-method. Data processing is divided into two stages: first stage, mapping the distribution of mangroves based on density levels; second stage, triangulation. Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) in 2013 and 2021 were used as primary data to get the NDVI value, and categorized mangrove density level in Pilawang Cape, Kumo Island, Kakara Island, Maiti Island, and Tagalaya Island. The findings show that Pilawang Cape has the lowest NDVI value. The average NDVI value in 2021 is 0.22 which can be categorized as a rare mangrove forest according to the mangrove standard damage criteria. Thus, Mangrove area in Pilawang Cape needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept.

A Creative Wedding Event Management for Sustaining Community-Based Eco-Tourism: A Case Study in Thailand

A Creative Wedding Event Management for Sustaining Community-Based Eco-Tourism: A Case Study in Thailand

Implementation of Community-Based Ecotourism through Waste Management: The Study Case of Sukunan Tourism Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The research aims to investigate the transformation process required within an Indonesian village in order to overcome huge waste management problems by enhancing the ecotourism sector, as well as to analyze the innovations introduced to improve the environmental quality standards of the local inhabitants. It presents some findings from a field study in Sukunan Village, Yogyakarta (Indonesia), used as a case study to delve deeper into several issues related to ecotourism development via innovative waste management systems. To investigate the ecotourism phenomenon in this context, the research employs a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with several key informants who are currently residing in the village. This study demonstrates that the development of ecotourism through waste management has a positive impact on the village’s social, economic, and environmental life, reevaluating a sub-urban context within an area that is unfortunately known for being one of the most polluted in the world.

Sari Beach Ecotourism Development Strategy, Pakis Village, Banyuwangi District, Banyuwangi Regency Kabupaten

Sariah Beach is one of the ecotourism potentials located in the village of Pakis, Banyuwangi with the characteristics of black sand, true mangrove vegetation, and associations, pine trees. This study aims to determine the development of community-based ecotourism and natural resources. The research method uses descriptive quantitative Focus Group Discussion (FGD), to determine IFAS and EFAS. Data analysis using SWOT analysis. The results showed alternative ecotourism development strategies which included increasing knowledge and technology in resource-based communities, improving supporting facilities and infrastructure, managing mangrove-based ecotourism, avifauna diversity, and maintaining turtle conservation. Furthermore, the integration of interests involving stakeholders at Sari beach.Keywords: ecotourism, mangrove, development, Sariah Beach

Design thinking, Tourism and its application on Community based Ecotourism (CBE)

Design Thinking (DT) has been applied to the corporate world with elan, and organizations have made DT their mainstay. Tourism in its Sustainable avatar can be seen in Community Based Ecotourism (CBE) which has brought to the forefront the Community who live in the forest fringes to adopt to business opportunities with support from the Government, primarily the Forest Departments (FD) across various states in India, and helped in the creation of special purpose vehicles (SPV) which have provided for livelihood options, income generating opportunities at the same point in time to preserve and conserve the ecology, environment, the flora and fauna, which is the mandate of the FD. The researcher paper talks about the efforts of applying DT to community-based business activities and with a population which may not be able to appreciate the larger nuances of business, as we seen in the modern contemporary term. The adoption of DT to businesses and organization, was easily juxtaposed on account of the understanding the associates/employees already had about DT. But when it came to the community helping them to understand the facets was tough, but once they understand that this is for their betterment, they have never looked back. We realized that the experiences provided by the communities were not short of the corporate world and look forward to implement this further as best practices.

Forest-Based Ecotourism in Sri Lanka: A Review on State of Governance, Livelihoods, and Forest Conservation Outcomes

ABSTRACT Forest-based ecotourism in global perspective is managed by various stakeholders while promoting sustainable forest management. This review article attempts to identify forest-based ecotourism destinations in Sri Lanka, analyze the experiences of good governance, and evaluate local livelihoods and forest conservation outcomes. Within the diverse landscapes, national park and sanctuaries, rain forest trails, conservation forest trials, wetland sanctuaries, and indigenous operated ecotourism ventures are identified as the appropriate destinations. The experiences of good governance are discussed in terms of structure and integration, involvement and management, accountability practices, and culture of transparency. The enrichment of the local livelihoods is evaluated based on natural, physical, social, financial, and human capital development. The natural resource conservation activities prevention of deforestation and forest degradation, preservation of biological diversity, improvement of long-term production capacity of ecosystems, and wise management of natural resources are elaborated through local community outcomes, visitor outcomes, natural biophysical environment outcomes, wildlife outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Resource exploitation, gene piracy, wildlife crimes, and trade of protected flora and fauna have been examined as the bad side of the ecotourism. The policies suggested for sustainable development are conceptualization of ecotourism, community-based ecotourism, scientific and systematic process, and appropriate code of ethics and conduct.

EVALUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT STATUS IN THE AKSU-JABAGLY NATURE RESERVE, KAZAKHSTAN

Many stakeholders believe that developing community-based ecotourism (CBET) in vulnerable nature reserves is an effective method of ensuring greater conservation of natural and cultural resources, empowering host communities, and improving their socio-economic well-being. This paper assesses the current status of the CBET development in the Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve (NR), located in the south part of Kazakhstan. In order to understand ecotourism development status, 222 representative households from two neighboring communities of Aksu-Jabagly NR were surveyed with 5-point Likert scale questions. At the same time, two tourism relevant experts were interviewed. The results of examining the three indicators (community tourism relevance, community participation rank, and community empowerment), showed that the neighboring community relevance with the tourism in AksuJabagly NR was low, the community residents' participation rank in tourism was also at the lower level, and the community’s empowerment status is not ideal. As a result, we initially asserted that the status of CBET development in Aksu-Jabagly NR is not well, in particular, the positive economic and social impact of tourism development is not so obvious.

PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA TARIK WISATA DI PEMANDIAN KOLAM PENAWAR ATAS KETAPANG BANYUWANGI

This research was conducted in Kolam Penawar Atas, Dusun Pancoran, Ketapang, Banyuwangi and aims to identify the supporting and inhibitory factors as well as design strategies in community-based ecotourism development. This study is descriptive and qualitative research. The data collection was conducted by interview, observation, and documentation method. The informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis is using triangulation techniques and SWOT analysis. The results showed that: (1) Supporting factors in development of community-based ecotourism in Kolam Penawar Atas include: natural potential and cultural attractions, Support from Local Government, Community Expectations. While the inhibitory factors are: Community Knowledge, Low Community Participation, Land Ownership (2) Strategies that can be implemented based on SWOT analysis include: S-O strategy: utilizing natural and cultural potential as a tourist attraction and empowering the surrounding community for ecotourism development; W-O strategy: establish pokdarwis to manage tourist attractions, establish cooperation with investor to invest, establish cooperation with the government to conduct promotion activities, and cooperate with travel agent; S-T strategy: create photo spot attraction, innovation to manage the attractions to deal with competition, and develop tourism with the ecotourism-environmentally friendly friendly concept tourism; W-T strategy: provide education or training on tourism to the community, approach and coordinate with the community regarding the system of tourism management and revenue sharing, build and maintain tourist facilities and infrastructure, and optimize promotion activities through social media.

Community-Based Ecotourism and Primate Watching as a Conservation Tool in the Amazon Rainforest

Community-Based Ecotourism and Primate Watching as a Conservation Tool in the Amazon Rainforest

The role of eco-tourism in ecological conservation in giant panda nature reserve

Eco-tourism is rapidly developing in giant panda nature reserves in China, and is considered a popular tool for biodiversity conservation and the welfare of local communities. However, there is lack of empirical evidence on whether eco-tourism promotes the conservation behavior of local communities members, who live around nature reserves. To this end, this study constructed a framework to measure households' forest conservation activities, and conducted a questionnaire survey in 12 giant panda nature reserves in Sichuan Province, China. A total of 686 valid samples were obtained. A logit model was used to confirm whether income from community-based ecotourism (CBET) could enhance households' conservation behavior. The results show that households prefer three types of conservation practices, and CBET could significantly improve the income of households engaged in it. Income from CBET has motivated local households to participate in conservation activities; however, but the effects are different. In all three conservation activities, income from CBET has shown significant effects on promoting forest maintenance and protection activities, but not on reforestation ones. The results of this research could help us better understand the relationship between CBET and local households’ conservation behavior. It also provides information for policymakers seeking for the best way to balance conservation and development.

Pengembangan Ekowisata Pulau Tunda Berbasis Komunitas dalam Era Industri 4.0

The development agenda that designed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030 is a challenge for all global stakeholders. This article aims: 1) To identify ecotourism that is develop based on the social capital and local wisdom of community in Tunda Island, 2) To identify the development of community-based ecotourism in the industrial era 4.0 through digital technology, 3) To analyse of benefits of digital technology for ecotourism development. The method used through field study with descriptive qualitative research type. The results of the study show that are: 1) ecotourism that has been developed by the community focuses on social capital and local wisdom of the community, 2) Digital technology application on the implementation of ecotourism development conducted through the provision of websites and social media by community of Tunda island, and 3) Benefit of digital technology has an impact for socio-economic of community and acessability dealing with ecotourism management. Furthermore, enhaching human capacity needed for community to improve Tourism Group (Pokdarwis) as a social institution that has a role in developing ecotourism in Tunda Island.

Community-Based Ecotourism and Its Impact on the Social and Economic Conditions: A Case Study in Blekok, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia

This study aims to analyse the impact of the implementation of community-based ecotourism on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok. Primary data were obtained from 79 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The research method used a descriptive quantitative method. The data used were the characteristics of the people of Kampung Blekok, data on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok before and after the inauguration of the Kampung Blekok Ecotourism. The results show that the group of low and high income showed the decrease of percentage (11.39 and 8.87%, respectively), otherwise the middle and very high-income group presented an increase percentage (8.85 and 11.39%, consecutively). It means people who gained low and high income are reduced and middle and very high-income group are increased. It can conclude that ecotourism activities could affect the social economic of people in kampung Blekok.

Community-Based Tourism in Protected Areas: Elaborating A Model from A South African Perspective

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) shares many of the values and challenges of community-based tourism (CBT) but must also consider the interaction of local communities and the environment, often in areas of controlled or restricted use. Although CBT and CBET have been part of South Africa’s economic strategy, governance, and social structures and hierarchies may constrain opportunities for entry. This article reviews the relevant literature with specific reference to South African CBT and CBET enterprises and uses the iSimangaliso Wetland Park as a case study to build a general framework for CBT around conservation areas. In particular, the framework describes a pathway for CBET ventures to move from an internal partnership model to an external model and ultimately complete self-sufficiency and independence if desired. We show that despite numerous challenges, CBET can be viable in conservation areas, provided all parties involved in the venture make a concerted effort to ensure that the main objectives of poverty alleviation and improved environmental management are met.

Pengemasan Atraksi Wisata Susur Sungai Klegung dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Potensi Wisata

Community-based ecotourism development is an opportunity to develop tourism attractions that are almost unknown to tourists in general and will reduce the social-cultural impact for the community. The potential of the Klegung river that forms the river flow and the natural wealth of its riverside ecosystem makes the community take the initiative to open tourism destinations to provide benefits both economically and for the sustainability of existing water resources. The research that has been conducted using a qualitative descriptive method aims to analyze the potential of human resources, culture, flora and fauna, and attractions in accordance with the characteristics of Padukuhan Klegung. Having known the potential, then made attractive and appropriate attraction packages. keywords are required for computerization. Research and abstract title search made easy with these keywords