Community-based Disaster Risk Management Research Articles

Disaster Resilient Village Program: Manifestation of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management and Reduction Policy

The potential and risk of disasters in Indonesia over the last two decades have become a major challenge for this country. Dynamic natural activities, global climate change, and rapid urbanization have increased vulnerability to various types of natural and man-made disasters. Although this risk cannot be completely avoided, mitigation efforts, risk management and community empowerment have been carried out to reduce its impact. The Disaster Resilient Village Program is one of the Indonesian government's important efforts to reduce disaster risk and increase community resilience. Although there are still challenges and obstacles that must be overcome, this program has provided significant benefits in preparing communities to face the threat of disaster.

Integration of Local Capacity Building in Countering False Information about Disaster Into Community-based Disaster Risk Management

Efforts to prevent the spread of disaster false information through social media are significant to anticipate by stakeholders, especially in communities. The current climate change condition causes many disasters, so this effort is essential so that holistic disaster management can be carried out. Although social media can support the acceleration of information about disasters, spreading false information will cause anxiety, fear, and wrong decision-making to prepare and be resilient to disasters. This study aims to describe the integration of local capacity building in dealing with false information about disasters into community-based disaster risk management. The research uses a qualitative approach by conducting secondary data analysis and an integrative literature review. The findings from this study are the importance of increasing capacity building in the selection and preventing the spread of false information about disasters with local reinforcement. One way for capacity building that can be done is through digital literacy education. In the disaster preparation and mitigation phase, digital literacy in the community is a priority in preparing to deal with disaster risk. The contribution of this study can be an alternative for holistic disaster management efforts and disaster communication evaluation for coordination and partnership with other stakeholders.

Influencing factors on building and improving social trust in emergency and disaster relief efforts: a systematic review

Purpose This study aims to review the results of relevant studies to shed light on social trust-building in different contexts and the factors that affect it in disaster risk management. Design/methodology/approach This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses model. The study keywords were searched for in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases on August 2021. The inclusion criteria were English-written articles published in social trust and disaster relief efforts. Exclusion criteria were lack of access to the full text and article types such as nonoriginal articles. Findings Out of 1,359 articles found, 17 articles were included in the final analysis using four general categories: six articles on the role of local government in trust-building (local governments), five articles on the role of social media in trust-building (social media), four articles on the role of social capital in trust-building (social capital) and two articles on the importance of community participation in trust-building (community participation). Originality/value Understanding the role of social trust and the factors which influence it will help the development of community-based disaster risk management. Therefore, disaster management organizations and other relief agencies should take the findings of this study into account, as they can help guide policymaking and the adoption of strategies to improve public trust and participation in comprehensive disaster risk management. Further studies recommended understanding people’s experiences and perceptions of social trust, relief and disaster preparedness.

Preface

The 5th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation, ICEEDM 2022, was held on 28th-29th September 2022. The 5th ICEEDM in Gadjah Mada University was profoundly enjoying the collaboration with the joint-organizing committee with the Indonesian Earthquake Engineering Association (AARGI), International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE), Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering (JAEE), Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesian Islamic University, and Atmajaya University. The conference was supported by a scientific committee from four countries and twelve keynote speakers from five countries, i.e., Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA.The 5th ICEEDM 2022 was held to provide an opportunity to share experiences and disseminate the latest research and development results related to earthquake engineering, which will be very useful for increasing knowledge and disaster mitigation policies. It is hoped that this conference will benefit all parties to minimize the risk of earthquake hazards in Indonesia and worldwide.The 5th ICEEDM 2022 proceeding contains papers written by academics, professionals, researchers, and students from Indonesia and Japan. Various research works related to the conference theme were presented during the conference. A total of 41 full papers accepted upon review for the proceeding publication are categorized into the following topics: A. Structural Engineering, including; Structural Earthquake Engineering, Structural Dynamics, Performance-Based Design and Evaluation, Structural Assessment and Retrofit, Seismic Devices and Applications, Non-engineered Buildings, Experimental & Numerical Modelling B. Geotechnical Engineering, including; Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Soil-Structure Interaction C. Seismological Engineering, including; Seismic Micro-zonation, Case Histories in Recent Earthquakes, D. Disaster Mitigation, including; Seismic Hazard and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation, Early Warning System, Post Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction, Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction & Management

Community-Based Disaster Risk Management: A Good Practice of Rural Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to clarify the functionality of disaster risk management at community level focusing on a disaster-prone haor region of Bangladesh. We conducted this study in a rural haor area of Bangladesh having a fragile ecosystem. The data were collected through focus group discussion (FGD) with union council members of Itna union, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh to reach the purpose of this study. The results clarified that the although the union council members are aware of the institutional responsibility in relation to the disaster risk management at community level, but their functionality is still weak. Therefore, our policy implications drawn from the research suggest that more attention should be paid to the capacity development of union council members through the development of human capital in the region.

Empowering women for disaster risk reduction: a case study of geologically based disaster at Yan, Kedah, Malaysia

The effects of disaster impact all levels of society equally. However, both men and women response to disaster differently. It is critical to acknowledge that both genders have different roles, responsibilities, access, and control over resources as well as how they are affected by crisis and disaster. This paper seeks to build an initial understanding on the importance of gender perspective through review of literature and single case study of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) program conducted at Yan, Kedah. Data was collected through survey questionnaires and focus group discussion with women that had experienced the geological disaster that occurred on the 18th of August 2021. The findings revealed that even though women and girls are more vulnerable to disasters and climate change, they also contribute vital information, skills, resources, and experiences to disaster risk reduction. These abilities are underutilised and are mostly missing from the creation of resilience strategies and decision-making processes for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and recovery process of the disaster cycle. It is the responsibility of the national governments not only to identify these vulnerabilities but also to build the resilience of women and children to lessen disaster impact in the future.

The Emerging Widespread Debris Flow Disasters in Tropical Terrain of Peninsular Malaysia: Understanding the Risk and Policy Intervention

Several widespread debris flow disasters stroke Peninsular Malaysia in between 2021 and 2022, scattered across the country. It was the first time for this hazard being nationally recognised as a type of geological disaster in the country. Debris flow disaster is not a new phenomenon. It had been recorded since 1995, however, in the past they were isolated incidents and did not attract much attention. The recent widespread debris flow disasters started in Gunung Jerai, Kedah on 18 August 2021; followed by similar incidents but in 3 different states concurrently in (1) Bentong, Pahang, (2) Hulu Langat, Selangor, and (3) Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan on 18 December 2021; Kenyir, Terengganu on 27 February 2022; and finally at Gunung Inas, Kedah on 4 July 2022. These disasters sparked numerous technical and social issues where heated debates on whether they were purely due to natural processes or caused anthropogenic activities. Previously, debris flow phenomena in Malaysia were so rare, that the term ‘debris flow’ was not familiar to the lay public. The term of “debris flow” was often disregard or used interchangeable with ‘water surge’ phenomena by the media and public, especially for sudden sediment water surge from hilly upstream after intense rainfall at hillside river catchment areas, normally occurs during the monsoon season. The ordinary water surge has significantly lesser level of destruction and momentum as compared to a debris flow with higher debris-type sediments. This paper discusses the emerging issues of debris flow in Malaysia and some initiatives being carried out in in facing the geohazard. The Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia and a team of local geohazard experts have taken the lead to carry out studies to understand the sudden emergence of widespread and cascading debris flow events in Malaysia. As a result, proposal on policy intervention was put forward to the relevant government ministries; post-disaster programme has been continuously carried out to educate the communities on the geological disaster risks through community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM).

PENANGANAN BENCCANA BERBASIS KOMUNITAS MELALUI PROGRAM DESA TANGGUH BENCANA DI DESA GARON KECAMATAN BALEREJO KABUPATEN MADIUN

Disaster situations require new strategies that are relevant to the problem context. The Disaster Resilient Village Program (Destana) is a disaster management effort that uses a Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (PRBBK) strategy. This research aims to look at implementing the Destana program in Garon Village, Balerejo District, Madiun Regency. This research method uses descriptive qualitative, data mining techniques using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The research results show that the implementation of the Destana program in Garon Village has not demonstrated a Community-Based Disaster Management approach, considering that there is no active participation from the community in the entire disaster management series. Community capacity in disaster management is also still not visible because there is no community organization, in this case, the community is still used as an object. The preparedness of the Garon Village community is still low in facing flood disasters, due to the lack of active community participation in the program. Thus, program managers need evaluation so that the approach used can be implemented substantively, and community capacity can be increased in dealing with disaster situations.

Introduction of integrated decision support system for flood disaster management

Heavy precipitation events and fluvial flood can cause serious damage to property and fatality, and thus flood disaster management is essential to lower the risk, to prevent and to mitigate the crisis. Effective and efficient flood disaster management requires on-site information, forecast and appropriate corresponding response strategies and measures. Therefore, a concept of integrated decision support system (DSS) for flood disaster management is proposed and discussed in this paper. The DSS integrates observation, rainfall forecast, fast flood simulation, historical events and crisis scenarios, and response strategies and measures, by means of information and communication technology (ICT) and internet of things (IoT). The DSS can provide relevant information and offer suggestions of action before and during the crisis. The DSS can also be utilised for disaster drill, education, and demonstration with the help of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) or Metaverse technology. The aims of this DSS are to improve existing response strategies and emergency services, to enhance the community-based disaster risk management, and to raise public crisis awareness.

A Review of Critical Disaster Studies

A Review of <i>Critical Disaster Studies</i>

Harnessing indigenous knowledge in disaster risk management in Aotearoa New Zealand

Purpose. This paper will provide an insight into understanding of risks and cultural heritage by local and indigenous communities, as well as their knowledge, values and practices informing the perception of disaster risk management. The aim is to contribute to the implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM), which leads to a locally appropriate and locally "owned" strategy for disaster risk management. Approach. The paper presents experiences in disaster response by local communities in New Zealand Aotearoa and consequent shift in the perspective towards disaster risk management which needs to be reflected in cultural heritage field. Disaster risk management plans can be understood as series of written policies and procedures that prevent or minimize damage resulting from disasters, tailored to a museum’s, library’s, archives or community’s specific circumstances and facilities. Having a disaster management plan is not an end result, in itself. The process of creating, implementing, and updating a plan can be far more important and beneficial to an institution or community. Value. At-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capabilities. This means people are at the heart of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk management activities. This aligns with a paradigm shift in disaster management from having management agencies as the primary actors, towards wider and deeper stakeholder involvement, especially in the private sector with local level actors.

Gender matters: The role of women in community-based disaster risk management in Taiwan

Women are typically portrayed as being helpless victims of natural disasters, along with the elderly, children and the disabled. Recent disaster research has increasingly focused on reducing women's vulnerability to disaster by empowering them directly or indirectly through implementing institutional changes in disaster management. This extends to community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM). The social and political status of women in Taiwan is among the highest in Asia, and Taiwan is also well-known for its disaster management performance and successful CBDRM experience. However, to date, Taiwan's CBDRM experience has not been examined from a gender perspective. What role do Taiwanese women play in CBDRM? Is it the same as men, and there is no need to investigate further? Based on the authors' years of experience in CBDRM, combined with key informant interviews, this paper takes the examines disaster resistant communities (DRCs) promoted by Taipei City and New Taipei City and finds the following: (1) superficial and stereotyped institutional design; (2) female self-deprecation; (3) women's disproportional responsibility or domestic labor affects their participation in CBDRM; (4) women's abilities are recognized and respected; (5) the personal traits of local administrators and their supporters determine the DRC's gender awareness; and (6) gender issues in CBDRM are a microcosm of those in society as a whole. Thus, Taiwan must develop a gender-sensitive DRC implementation model to increase the participation of women and ensure their rights throughout the whole disaster cycle. Women's empowerment should also be strengthened, and connecting serving female sub-district chiefs can effectively encourage other women to run in local elections and contribute to DRC development.

ICT application in CBDRM in Karangtengah village Bantul Regency

This research was conducted in Karangtengah Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The landslide incident that occurred in the Karangtengah Village area on November 28, 2017 then prompted several groups to take the initiative to install an early warning system and several other supporting tools at the scene. This study aims to identify what Information and Communication Technology tools already exist in the Karangtengah Village area that can support landslide hazard monitoring activities, and see how residents manage these tools. This research was conducted with a qualitative method using a Participatory Rural Appraisal tool. The results of this study show that the presence of Information and Communication Technology tools requires the community to have the capacity to synergize with existing tools and manage them independently so that there is no failure of the role of Information and Communication Technology in supporting the work of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in Karangtengah Village. Access to data generated by existing Information and Communication Technology tools will also be useful for residents to monitor phenomena or conditions around them.

Community-driven disaster risk reduction: a case study of flood risk management in Brandon, MB, Canada

ABSTRACT Recurrent disaster experiences can motivate communities to initiate risk management as part of their resilience mechanism if there is appropriate support to assist their shared commitment and goals. This scenario was evident in the City of Brandon's (Manitoba, Canada) response to the 1-in-300-year high-water event during the spring of 2011. This study examined how this small prairie city/community achieved the creation and preservation of locally driven flood risk management practice, and the critical role of the Brandon Emergency Support Team (BEST), a community-based disaster risk management organization, in facilitating enhanced risk awareness towards protecting the city from flooding.

Prerequisites for Community-based Disaster Risk Management in Iran

INTRODUCTION: Natural disasters disrupt people's lives, bringing about serious economic and social losses. Disaster risk management is a set of measures, including planning, decision-making, accountability, and operational activities at all levels. Moreover, it is of considerable significance to take advantage of social capacities and community participation before, during, and after disasters. The present study aimed to explain the prerequisites of community-based disaster risk management in Iran in 2020. METHODS: This data-driven qualitative study was conducted using Strauss and Corbin's systematic approach. The statistical population included all disaster management experts and non-governmental organizations in universities, the National Disaster Management Organization, the provincial disaster management departments, and senior managers of the Red Crescent Society. Out of this population, 22 subjects were purposefully selected via snowball sampling taking into account the geographical, climatic, cultural, social, and religious diversity of different regions of the country. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. FINDINGS: Based on the obtained results, the prerequisites of community-based disaster risk management include: "legal obligation", "public sensitization", "strategic planning", "public participation", "social capacity building", " building cohesion and empathy ", "action (prevention, preparedness, needs assessment, planning, and response", "formation and development of expert teams", "logistics forecasting and equipment", "preparation", and attention to geographical conditions"." CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, the required measures for the successful implementation of community-based disaster risk management can be assigned to two categories: The first one encompasses the measures that require structural changes and law reform and are taken at the national level and National Disaster Management Organization of the country. The second type of measure must be implemented at the local and operational management levels

Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in Flood and Landslide-Prone Areas: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Residents in Bukidnon

Appropriate implementation of community-based disaster risk management is desirable as flooding and landslide in Bukidnon is becoming more hazardous intensified by climate change, poor drainage, and expanding agricultural industries. The lived experiences of the residents in flood and landslide-prone areas in the province during the year 2017-2018 provides the empirical basis for strategies to enhance the implementation of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM). The study utilized an interpretive phenomenological research method. The instruments used in the study were the motive questions for the focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII) guide questions. There were one hundred fifty (150) participants coming from the six (6) barangays of the (5) five municipalities identified as prone to flooding and landslide. Findings showed that the existing risk management practiced by the residents and the local government unit (LGU) is the top-bottom approach. The coping strategies used were risk communication and relief assistance from LGU. A comparison of the existing approach to the Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) approach revealed that in CBDRM, a community can be organized to experience a ‘real community’ participation to avoid and reduce the damage caused by flooding and landslide. The involvement of vulnerable people with the determination of roles and responsibilities before, during, and after flooding and landslides would make them realize the significance of their active participation for resiliency. Thus, a CBDRM model was developed so that at-risk communities can actively engage in the identification, planning, analysis, monitoring, and evaluation of disaster risks to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities. An extension activity is proposed to implement the CBDRM model.

The recognition of the necessity of for community-based disaster risk management to reduce the risk of vulnerability to earthquake disaster (case study: YousefAbad neighborhood of Tehran)

بازشناسی ضرورت مدیریت اجتماع محور بحران جهت کاهش آسیب‌پذیری در بحران زلزله (مطالعه موردی: محله‌ی یوسف‌آباد شهر تهران)

Community resilience mechanism in an unexpected extreme weather event: An analysis of the Kerala floods of 2018, India

Community actions have a significant role in disaster response. This study analyses the socio-demographic and satisfaction variables within community resilience in the context of the Kerala floods of 2018 and elucidates its gaps from the perspective of a developing country. The data from the self-administered questionnaire survey among the fishermen who were prominent amongst the first responders during this flood were analyzed using SPSS. Global literature was also reviewed to examine the status of community resilience and its effectiveness in holistic disaster management. This is an issue which has rarely been addressed in past studies from India. The results indicate that the majority of the first responder-fishermen had a primary educational background. They have participated in the rescue mission as groups without much previous experience, but felt high levels of self-satisfaction afterwards. These first responders were well aware of coastal disasters, but had limited exposure to disaster preparedness and mock drills. Although hampered by limited physical and financial resources, they could effectively utilize their social capacities during the disaster. The importance of bottom up approach in disaster management, comprising ‘Community-Based Disaster Risk Management’ (CBDRM) which can transform vulnerable communities to resilient communities is underlined in this study. The importance of the resilience of the local population, especially the fishermen community in local disaster response is highlighted, and the shortcomings in the current practices are identified. An attempt is also made to recognize and promote further potential through training, awareness and proper early warning.

Health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) amidst civil unrest: Lessons learned from Nicaragua

ABSTRACT The community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) framework recognises the crucial role that small- and medium-sized NGOs play during adverse events, particularly in marginalised communities. Despite the global frequency of civil unrest, its effect on NGOs’ programmatic, administrative, and operational capabilities is poorly understood. To this end, we completed in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight key informants representing seven health NGOs in Nicaragua several months after widespread and persistent civil unrest erupted in April 2018. Data analysis revealed that all NGOs experienced notable disruptions in community education and health promotion, healthcare provision, fundraising, and strategic planning. Further, NGOs experienced several key challenges in responding to crises, including mobility within and between communities, diminishing financial resources, and safety concerns for staff and volunteers. Several NGOs anticipated long-term adverse impacts. In light of these challenges, we propose that health NGOs create a plan of action to mitigate adverse impacts of civil unrest and promote population health. Specifically, a plan of action should address institutional planning, communication strategies, and partnerships and coalitions. We also propose important ways in which future research could build on this preliminary study.

The challenges of impact evaluation: Attempting to measure the effectiveness of community-based disaster risk management

Although disaster risk management is becoming increasingly important in development cooperation, there is still a lack of robust evidence regarding its effectiveness. Few studies based on a counterfactual have been conducted in the fields of disaster management and disaster risk reduction. This article describes a methodological approach to enabling more rigorous evidence-based decision-making in community-based disaster risk mitigation, and notably for assessing the degree to which it increases preparedness for the adverse effects of hazards in vulnerable communities. The effects of actions designed to reduce disaster-induced loss, damage, injuries, fatalities and resource degradation were evaluated at a Swiss and Honduran Red Cross’ intervention area in Honduras. Our results show that the intervention has had a significant positive effect in three important areas of resilience: knowledge and preparedness (e.g., existence of an early warning system); social cohesion (e.g., community institutions); and management of natural assets (e.g., firewood consumption). Our findings indicate that the intervention program has enhanced the capacities of treated communities to prepare for future hazards and to respond in case of an emergency at both household and community levels.