Community Attachment Research Articles

Neighborhood determinants of mood and anxiety disorders among men who have sex with men in New York City.

We examined the relationship between economic, physical, and social characteristics of neighborhoods, where men who have sex with men (MSM) lived and socialized, and symptom scores of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Participants came from a cross-sectional study of a population-based sample of New York City MSM recruited in 2010-2012 (n = 1126). Archival and survey-based data were obtained on neighborhoods, where the men lived and where they socialized most often. MSM who socialized in neighborhoods with more economic deprivation and greater general neighborhood attachment experienced higher GAD symptoms. The relationship between general attachment to neighborhoods where MSM socialized and mental health depended on the level of gay community attachment: in neighborhoods characterized by greater gay community attachment, general neighborhood attachment was negatively associated with GAD symptoms, while in low gay community attachment neighborhoods, general neighborhood attachment had a positive association with GAD symptoms. This study illustrates the downsides of having deep ties to social neighborhoods when they occur in the absence of broader access to ties with the community of one's sexual identity. Interventions that help MSM cross the spatial boundaries of their social neighborhoods and promote integration of MSM into the broader gay community may contribute to the reduction of elevated rates of depression and anxiety in this population.

지역 애착심과 사회교환이론을 적용한 농촌관광연구

The purpose of this study is to focus on agricultural tourism from the perspective of social exchange theory. Amongst the many stakeholders, residents are the group that is affected most directly and indirectly by tourism development. Therefore, understanding how their perceptions are construed is a crucial topic. Although interest in agritourism has increased, the scale of rural community has decreased gradually so research in this area is still lacking. The study data included a research population from a small-scale farming and fishing village located on Jeju Island. Using Spearman’s Rank Order correlation analysis, it is clear that benefits of tourism development have a positive relationship with tourism development. Economic and environmental impacts are significant, but not statistically significant to cause sociocultural impacts. The hypothesis that examining the cost of tourism development would be negatively related to tourism development was rejected. The third hypothesis that purports the positive relationship between community attachment and tourism development was statistically significant. Finally, the relationship between community attachment and the impact of tourism development showed a significantly positive effect and no significant negative impact.

지역사회애착이 지역사회만족에 미치는 영향 : 소득수준 차이를 중심으로

지역사회애착이 지역사회만족에 미치는 영향 : 소득수준 차이를 중심으로

Tourism in Hoi An, Vietnam: impacts, perceived benefits, community attachment and support for tourism development

AbstractTourism has impacts and these impacts affect people. This study aimed to identify how residents in Hoi An, Vietnam (a world heritage site), perceive the impacts and benefits obtained from tourism and the relationship between community attachment and support for tourism. The study employed a survey of local residents in Hoi An. The results indicate that residents largely see the impacts of tourism as positive economically and socioculturally but not environmentally. Also residents who have a stronger attachment to their community had a positive inclination towards tourism and its development. Having a better understanding of residents’ perceptions about tourism impacts, benefits, community attachment and support for tourism could assist tourism planners not only in Hoi An but also in other heritage sites. Positive economic and sociocultural impact should be emphasized to local residents. It is found that greater attention should be given to negative sociocultural and environmental impacts in order ...

Attached or Entrenched? Community Attachment and Place Construction in Southwest Houston, an American Banlieue

ABSTRACTCommunity attachment and the cultural contexts of poor urban neighborhoods are both subjects of long traditions of scholarship. Few studies, however, have extended these traditions into increasingly marginalized areas located beyond historically poor ghetto or barrio communities. This article is addressed to the sentiments of attachment and constructions of place among low-income young men in suburban-styled, post–World War II communities on the outer fringes of Houston. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, I show that although the young men are widely appreciative of the area’s diversity and uniqueness relative to other low-income communities, their brief and superficial exposures to heterogeneity impel them to construct place and express attachments around a complex set of geographic, class, and ethnoracial distinctions. Sensing that such negotiations of the socio-spatial environment might be perceived as fickle, ill informed, and destructive, I discuss implications in relation to cultural heterogeneity and broader concerns about evolving metropolitan poverty contexts.

Special Days of Worship and National Religion in the Australian Colonies, 1790–c. 1914

ABSTRACTThroughout the period between 1790 and 1914 the governments of the Australian colonies asked their populations to suspend work and amusements and join in collective acts of prayer. Australia’s special days of prayer have much historical significance and deserve more scholarly attention. They had an enduring popularity, and they were rare moments when a multi-faith and multi-ethnic community joined together to worship for a common cause. This article builds on recent work on state prayers in Britain by considering what the colonial tradition of special worship can tell us about community attachments in nineteenth-century Australia. ‘Fast days’ and ‘days of thanksgiving’ had both an imperial and a regional character. A small number of the Australian days were for imperial events (notably wars and royal occasions) that were observed on an empire-wide scale. The great majority, such as the numerous days of fasting and humiliation that were called during periods of drought, were for regional happenings and were appointed by colonial authorities. The article argues that the different types of prayer day map on to the various ways that contemporaries envisaged ‘Greater Britain’ and the ‘British world’. Prayer days for royal events helped the empire’s inhabitants to regard themselves as imperial Britons. Meanwhile, days appointed locally by colonial governments point to the strength of regional attachments. Colonists developed a sense that providence treated them differently from British communities elsewhere, and this sense of ‘national providence’ could underpin a sense of colonial difference—even a colonial nationalism. Days of prayer suggested that Greater Britain was a composite of separate communities and nationalities, but the regional feelings they encouraged could still sit comfortably with attachments to an imperial community defined by commonalities of race, religion and interest.

Locally Sourced Restaurant: Consumers Willingness to Pay

ABSTRACTThis study tested (1) the theory of planned behavior to identify factors influencing customers’ willingness to pay more when visiting a locally sourced restaurant, and (2) assesses the effect of health consciousness and community attachment on willingness to pay more through attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in visiting a locally sourced restaurant. A total of 423 responses were analyzed using a two-step approach of structural equation modeling. The findings indicated that health consciousness and community attachment positively influences attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in visiting a locally sourced restaurant, which ultimately influence willingness to pay more.

Social Sustainability: A New Conceptual Framework

There is a lack of theoretical and empirical studies regarding social sustainability. The literature reveals that the “social” was integrated late into debates on sustainable development. This paper aims to fill this gap and proposes a new conceptual framework of social sustainability. We suggest that risk is a constitutive concept of sustainability and that the contemporary conditions of risk resulting primarily from climate change and its ensuing uncertainties pose serious social, spatial, structural, and physical threats to contemporary human societies and their living spaces. Within the framework of sustainability, we propose that social sustainability strives to confront risk while addressing social concerns. Although we agree that without socially oriented practices, efforts to achieve sustainability will be undermined, as too many gaps exist in practice and theory. Thus, we propose a comprehensive Conceptual Framework of Social Sustainability, which is composed of four interrelated concepts of socially oriented practices, where each concept has a distinctive function in the framework and incorporates major social aspects. The concept of Equity encompasses three dimensions: recognition, which “revalues unjustly devalued identities”, redistribution, which suggests that the remedy for injustice is some form of economic restructuring, and parity of participation, which promotes substantive public involvement in the production of space. These efforts may, in turn, reduce alienation and enhance civility and a sense of community and place attachment. The concept of Safety is the ontological foundation of sustainability in general and social sustainability in particular. The concept refers to the right to not only be safe but adopt all measures of adaptation and security to prevent future casualties and physical harm. The concept of Eco-prosumption refers to modes of producing and gaining values in socially and environmentally responsible ways. The concept of Urban Forms represents the physical dimensions of socially desired urban and community physical forms. Eventually, a desired physical form should promote a sense of community, safety, health, and place attachment, among other environmental objectives.

A study on the relationship between participation in life sports of people with physical disabilities on community attachment

A study on the relationship between participation in life sports of people with physical disabilities on community attachment

Rural recruitment and retention of health workers across cadres and types of contract in north-east India: A qualitative study.

Background Like many other low- and middle-income countries, India faces challenges of recruiting and retaining health workers in rural areas. Efforts have been made to address this through contractual appointment of health workers in rural areas. While this has helped to temporarily bridge the gaps in human resources, the overall impact on the experience of rural services across cadres has yet to be understood. This study sought to identify motivations for, and the challenges of, rural recruitment and retention of nurses, doctors and specialists across types of contract in rural and remote areas in India's largely rural north-eastern states of Meghalaya and Nagaland. Methods A qualitative study was undertaken, in which 71 semi-structured interviews were carried out with doctors (n = 32), nurses (n = 28) and specialists (n = 11). In addition, unstructured key informant interviews (n = 11) were undertaken, along with observations at health facilities and review of state policies. Data were analysed using Ritchie and Spencer's framework method and the World Health Organization's 2010 framework of factors affecting decisions to relocate to, stay in or leave rural areas. Results It was found that rural background and community attachment were strongly associated with health workers' decision to join rural service, regardless of cadre or contract. However, this aspiration was challenged by health-systems factors of poor working and living conditions; low salary and incentives; and lack of professional growth and recognition. Contractual health workers faced unique challenges (lack of pay parity, job insecurity), as did those with permanent positions (irrational postings and political interference). Conclusion This study establishes that the crisis in recruiting and retaining health workers in rural areas will persist until and unless health systems address the core basic requirements of health workers in rural areas, which are related to health-sector policies. Concerted attention and long-term political commitment to overcome system-level barriers and governance may yield sustainable gains in rural recruitment and retention across cadres and contract types.

Factors of Community Capacity Influencing Rural Community Satisfaction -Moderating Effects of Community Attachment-

Factors of Community Capacity Influencing Rural Community Satisfaction -Moderating Effects of Community Attachment-

Residents’ perception and attitude toward the impacts of hosting conventions : Focused on community attachment and the sense of community of residents

본 연구에서는 컨벤션 개최로 인한 지각된 편익 · 비용, 지역사회 애착도 및 공동체의식이 지역주민의 전반적인 태도 및 향후 행동의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 설문은 2013년 4월 15일부터 4월 30일까지 약 보름간 만 19세 이상의 대구지역주민을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 총 450부의 설문지를 배포 · 회수하였으며, 불성실하게 응답한 32부를 제외하고 최종적으로 418부를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석결과, 컨벤션의 개최로 인한 지각된 편익과 비용 요인은 지역주민의 태도형성에 직 · 간접적으로 영향을 미치며, 긍정적 영향에 대한 지각이 비용적 측면에서 보다 높게 나타날 경우 지역주민의 컨벤션 개최에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 형성하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한, 컨벤션의 개최가 지역사회에 미치는 긍정적인 영향이 높을수록 지역주민은 애착도와 공동체의식이 강화된다. 즉, 컨벤션의 개최는 지역에서의 생활에 대한 안정과 지역주민의 공동의 목적이나 이념을 위한 협동의식을 발휘하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 지역주민은 컨벤션의 개최로 인한 편익적 측면을 증대시키고, 비용적인 측면의 영향을 감소시키고자 노력하기 때문으로 이해되어진다.

Place, health, and community attachment: Is community capacity associated with self-rated health at the individual level?

Community-level interventions dominate contemporary public health responses to health inequalities as a lack of political will has discouraged action at a structural level. Health promoters commonly leverage community capacity to achieve programme goals, yet the health implications of low community capacity are unknown. In this study, we analyse perceptions of community capacity at the individual-level to explore how place-based understandings of identity and connectedness are associated with self-rated health. We examine associations between individual community capacity, self-rated health and income using a cross-sectional survey that was disseminated to 303 residents of four small (populations 1500–2000) New Zealand towns. Evidence indicating a relationship between individual community capacity and self-reported health was unconvincing once the effects of income were incorporated. That is, people who rated their community's capacity higher did not have better self-rated health. Much stronger evidence supported the relationship between income and both higher individual community capacity and higher self-rated health. We conclude that individual community capacity may mediate the positive association between income and health, however, overall we find no evidence suggesting that intervening to enhance individual community capacity is likely to improve health outcomes.

Place attachment and disasters: Knowns and unknowns.

When considering the factors important for disaster recovery, one must consider the attachment individuals have toward their living area. This article reviews and synthesizes the current literature on the determinants of place attachment in the context of postdisaster recovery. Although the majority of the reviewed articles focused on disaster recovery, there were some which had a broader scope and were included due to their importance. This research categorizes the determinants of place attachment into four categories: demographic, socioeconomic, spatial, and psychosocial. Age, ethnicity, and religion were grouped under the category of demographics. Job status, education, and property ownership were categorized under the socioeconomic category. Attachment to home, neighborhood, and city, together with attachment to rural and urban areas, were grouped under the spatial category. Finally, mental health status and community attachment were classified under the psychosocial heading. Based on the outcome of the aforementioned synthesis, this article develops a conceptual framework to guide future research.

An Augmented Norm Activation Model: The Case of Residential Outdoor Water Use

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the factors that influence voluntary conservation is critical for developing effective residential water conservation policy. Previous work drawing on Schwartz’s Norm Activation Model (NAM) has been useful to understand some of these factors. However, one’s relationship with the broader community impacted by consumptive decisions has often been overlooked. Similarly, scholars have emphasized the importance of contextual factors not captured in the NAM. In this study we hypothesize and test an augmented NAM that incorporates community attachment, along with contextual variables (sociodemographic and household infrastructure), to understand the factors that lead to the development of moral obligations to conserve water and their relationship with residential outdoor water use. Results indicate personal norms, defined as a moral obligation to conserve water, are negatively related to outdoor water use, and that community attachment is a predictor of personal norms. Contextual factors are found to have an influence on outdoor water use.

Swept Out: Measuring Rurality and Migration Intentions on the Upper Great Plains

AbstractRural America has long been conceptualized as a place of out‐migration, a process that is the subject of many popular sociological works and remains a dominating narrative that describes rural life in the United States today. Population trends demonstrate this migration pattern for nearly the past century; however, emerging data paint a complex picture of migration behavior and intentions in rural areas. In this article, we utilize several measures of rurality to analyze the results of a 2012 mail survey (n = 2487) that describe the migration intentions of both rural and urban South Dakotans. Our findings show that urban residents are more likely to have intentions to migrate than rural residents, and that drivers of migration intentions appear similar in both urban and rural contexts. The survey also sheds light on the influence of community attachment, community satisfaction, quality of life, and other community strengths and weaknesses that rural and urban residents perceive in their communities. Supporting recent research on rural migration intentions, these results do not suggest high rates of out‐migration in rural areas. We discuss rural America's recent identity as a place of out‐migration, share our survey results, and discuss implications for future rural migration research.

Residents’ support for festivals: integration of emotional solidarity

ABSTRACTThis study develops a conceptual model by integrating social exchange theory (SET), emotional solidarity theory, and community attachment. Empirically, the study tests the adequacy of the model in predicting residents’ perceptions of and their support for festival development in Macao. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling are used for data analysis. Results indicate that residents’ perceived positive festival impacts are influenced by emotional solidarity and community attachment; and their support for festival development can be influenced by their emotional solidarity, community attachment, and perceived festival impacts, both positive and negative. However, the relationship between emotional solidarity and perceived negative impacts is found to be not significant. While the results extend support for SET, as well as theory of emotional solidarity, the findings also show that community attachment is one important determinant of residents’ perceptions of and their support for festival development. The findings also shed light on practical implications for festival planers and organizers.

The effects of community factors on residents’ perceptions toward World Heritage Site inscription and sustainable tourism development

Using partial least squares-structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from 410 questionnaires completed by a sample of residents from the vicinity of the George Town World Heritage Site (WHS), Malaysia, to investigate the effects of community factors on residents’ perceptions and support for WHS conservation and tourism development. To conceptualize these relationships, we developed a framework based on social exchange theory (SET) and previous empirical evidence. While community attachment, cultural attitudes, community involvement, and community gain had positive effects on residents’ perceptions, the effects of community members’ gain and status consistency were particularly strong. Our results suggest that perceptions strongly influence support for WHS conservation and tourism development. Having examined a number of new resident perception factors, this study makes a significant theoretical and methodological contribution to the tourism and resident perception literature. Furthermore, this study has practical implications for future sustainable community development in the George Town WHS.

Friends and Family: The Role of Relationships in Community and Workplace Attachment

Purpose Most work–life research focuses on the spillover of the nuclear family to the workplace, offering little insight into how other family relationships and friendships can spill over to affect employees’ organizational attachment. Past research has also overlooked the role of relationship quality and the mechanisms underlying these life-to-work spillover effects. Addressing these shortcomings, we integrate the systemic model of community attachment with job embeddedness theory to develop a model of community relational embeddedness and then use this model to examine how nonwork relationships connect people to their workplaces.

The Long-Term Effects of a Coal Waste Disaster on Social Trust in Eastern Kentucky Updated

Abstract This research note follows up a study of the immediate impact of an October 2000 coal waste disaster on social trust, community attachment, and risk perception in Martin County, Kentucky. This research study explores whether the negative social impacts of the October 2000 disaster in Martin County have persisted in the longer term. Specifically, it analyzes two waves of survey data Martin County (2001 and 2011) and Perry County, Kentucky (2001 and 2013), which served as the comparison or ‘control’ in the original study. This study finds that even though the disaster-stricken county’s trust levels have not rebounded to the level of the ‘control’ case, levels of trust in the directly impacted community have increased significantly over the ten-year time period. Trust levels in the non-impacted area have not increased, with the exception of trust in corporations, which increased in both communities.