Communities In Egypt Research Articles

الدلالات الرمزیة والدینیة للعناصر الزخرفیة بالمعابد الیهودیة فی مصر

The research talks about symbolic and religious signs of the decorative elements of the most important Jewish synagogues. It was so important first to recognize the different Jewish communities in Egypt which are the Rabbis people and the Kaaites, also the Jewish religious books and the sources of sharia, as an important approach to study the Jewish synagogue and its essential architectural elements as the platform women’s balcony and Solomon temple. Besides the temple has a lot of decorative units of religious signs like candlestick whether septuplets or of nine and branches the star of David which bear a political sign. The Jewish synagogue also has decorations like Floral, Geometrical, Calligraphy ones. The article sheds light on some important symbols like the sun, the lion, the snake and also colors like red. Finally, the research presents the most important results which assert the importance of the Jewish synagogues as a crucial element to be used in tourism through good marketing programs. Also the research clarifies how the architecture, decorations, Christian and Islamic arts affected the synagogue itself

Proposed Vernacular-Ecotourism Guidelines as A tool to Preserve Vernacular Architecture in Nubia, Egypt.

Nature and culture have always offered a variety of resources for tourism in different areas. Furthermore, the fact that these assets are key for choice makers whatsoever, levels on aggravate suitable arrangements for the enhancing of ecotourism. As per the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism has been estimated to account between 10% to 15% of all international travel expenditures, it seems to be even faster than the tourism industry, as it represents 20% of the world travel market. Research assumes that despite large portions of vernacular dwells exist in Egypt, (but desired) to package vernacular architecture traditions and quantitative design knowledge to modern building designers. The aim of this study is to develop and preserve the identity of vernacular architecture in ecotourism sectors in Nubia, Egypt so that they could develop the economy and urban texture as well, and to outline the role of natural and cultural Egyptian rural communities to protect and preserve their heritage and their ecotourism resources as well. This study will assess and analyse six different international, national and local ecotourism rating manuals and certifications as well to seek the common ecotourism criteria to preserve vernacular architecture, then outline preservation vernacular-ecotourism Guidelines passed on ecotourism criteria and indicators, then validate it with efficient scale like Likert scale to be easy to use by decision makers. The research main findings based on the performance of selected vernacular-ecotourism case studies in Nubia, Egypt, were the criteria of vernacular ecotourism preservation. The research will accentuate that the Nubian building technology could be useful for redesign ecotourism resorts in rural community in Egypt. Sustainable architecture planning is a capable apparatus for making ecotourism offices that encourage aware and widening social exchanges.

A Presence without a Narrative: The Greeks in Egypt, 1961-1976

This paper examines the upward social mobility of the Greek community in Egypt from the implementation of Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Nationalization Laws of 1961 up until the introduction of the infitah policies of Anwar Sadat in 1976. Both Greek and Egyptian historiographies ceased to explore the activities of the Greek community that remained in Egypt following the massive departure of Greeks in 1961-1962. Instead, they focus mainly on the Greek benefactors and the important social and economic capital they provided when the community was at its demographic peak. Additionally, they focus on Nasser’s policies, in particular the growth of Arab national-ism and the implementation of the Nationalization Laws. This focus overlooks the actual social mobility experienced by the lower and middle-class Greeks who remained in Egypt and evolved socially. What’s more this social mobility calls into question the construction of a homogeneous social and economic post-colonial Egyptian state.

AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE AND ABILITY TO ADAPT FOR THE RANDOM COMMUNITIES THREATENED EGYPT

Environmental risks is no longer considered as a dangerous which threatens the future, but became a reality that threatens the current generations' life and imposes itself in all international and regional levels especially national levels. Risks means the possibility of any happening leads to material or moral losses related to some Variables cause these happenings. Therefore, it is necessary to realize these risks by the community in addition to face and adapt with them. This research focuses on realizing the environmental risks related to life quality and adaptability of threatened communities' members for different segments of society in one of the threatened communities in Egypt. This study formed of a sample of (466) of Bangar Alsukar and El Hamam citizens from (36) village from Ras Muthalath between three governorates that Beheira, Alexandria and Matrouh With a population of approximately 60,000 people. These three governorates' economy depends on Agricultural activities in first place, and this area is considered as a good example to show the problems which happen because of Climate change and also considered as one of the threatened communities in Egypt. The researcher used realizing the environmental risks related to life quality and adaptability questionnaire. The results show differences of the sample members' responses. After realizing the environmental risks related to who live in the central village and who live in the normal village the responses choose who live in the normal village, but after realizing life quality the responses choose who live in the central village, and after realizing adaptability the responses choose who live in the central village, and the responses of sample members related to the segment of society (governmental and private sector workers- peasants and farmers) were so different after realizing the environmental risks in central and normal village.

Pedasa Athena Kutsal Alanı Arkaik Dönem Fayans Adak Sunuları

The archaeological and epigraphical evidence obtained from surveys and excavations conducted in Pedasa, one of the Lelegian settlements located in the Halicarnassian Peninsula, revealed that the only sanctuary of the city was dedicated to the goddess Athena for the time being. The faience objects which form one of the remarkable groups among the imported votive offerings and ritual equipment belonging to 7th and 6th centuries BC shed light on the interregional and overseas connections of the sanctuary. The artefacts consisting of certain vases, amulets and beads are among the so-called “East Greek production” or “Greco Egyptian” and were produced by the middle of the 7th century and throughout the 6th century BC under the strong impacts of the Egyptian art. The double vases with kneeling figure within the Leopard Spot Group, Egyptianising style pyxis, New Year flasks, amulets and disc shaped beads were votive offerings, whose similar examples were documented in the contemporary sanctuaries and grave contexts in the Aegean and Mediterranean world. The shallow bowls with spool lug, most probably were one of the ritual tablewares used for certain ceremonies, are noteworthy by their form and distribution pattern. Apart from the example published from Timpone della Motta in Italy, these bowls have been documented in Athena Sanctuary in Pedasa, Aphrodite Temple in Miletus and Artemis Temple in Ephesus. Their paste and glaze features, different from the other Archaic Greek faience, imply unknow faience production center in Ionia, which has already been affirmed and has not been localized yet. Due to the distribution pattern, Ephesus was mentioned as a possible production center, but Miletus should be considered among the strongest candidates. The amulets, commonly believed to protect woman and child, represent the personal religious beliefs of the owners. The worshippers who dedicated these amulets were most likely the Carians who lived in the Nile Delta and were influenced by the Egyptian religious practices or their Egyptian originated wiwes or attendants. As it is well known, Carians together with Ionians served in the Psammetichus I’s (664-610 BC) troops in Nile Delta and the grave stelai, Carian inscriptions and masonry markings attested the Carian descending community in Egypt from the second half of the 7th century BC until the late 6th century BC.

Development of the Structural Uses of Date Palm Rachis for Cheap Wide Span Construction for Rural Communities in the Middle East

Date palm rachis is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes in Egypt that is being used traditionally in making furniture and sheathing by rural communities in Egypt. This familiarity attracted previous researchers to develop the use of date palm rachis for cheap construction in order to introduce palm rachis as a local building material which contributes to empowering rural communities in Egypt. Most of the wide-span date palm rachis based previous studies lacked simplicity and flexibility that is required to encourage communities to exploit the structural abilities of palm rachis. This paper aims to exploit the philosophy and potentials of palm rachis by combining traditional concepts with modern techniques in order to increase the available covered spans, which would promote the potentials of Date Palm Rachis. This aim is served by introducing a new concept of using palm rachis for simple wide span construction utilizing arched truss Form-Active structural systems. This primary design is built in an experimental scaled model to investigate the durability and details of the suggested system. The findings encourage researchers and local builders to investigate the potentials of date palm rachis as a cheap and local building material for rural communities in Egypt.

ICTs as the Bullring: A Case Study of the Rainbow Flag Incident in Cairo

In this paper I am studying an incident that started with a concert in one of Cairo’s upper middle class districts, and ended up with a crackdown on the LGBTIQA++ Community in Egypt. In that incident Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) played a main role of contesting positions and representations of state and LGBTIQA++ persons in Egypt. Through the following lines, I am trying to unfold the intricacies of ICTs usage among both the state apparatuses and representatives of their discourse online on the one hand, and the LGBTIQA++ people and allies narratives. And how is it that this very same space acted as a presence- and forced absence- for both. My study is based on personal interviews with members who were directly involved in these events.

How to achieve liveable urban communities in Egypt

The deterioration of urban development that Egypt has experienced in the last few decades is an obvious outcome of previous corrupt policies and unilateral decisions. Urban management is a multidisciplinary approach that aims to supercede urban growth through the cooperation of different groups in the process. It is a system that links urban growth with policies and procedures and connects decision makers and professionals with communities. One major challenge is Egypt’s increasing population which is expected to nearly double over the next 40 years. It is, therefore, an absolute must to begin revising urban growth policies and plans. New theories of urban management must be carefully examined and studied, and solutions must be developed sooner rather than later to help spare Egyptian urban communities from imminent disaster. Moreover, to make these communities liveable and sustainable, comprehensive management of their systems is essential. This paper argues that liveable mechanisms within urban management in Egypt would offer suitable solutions for their problems. The paper also aims to identify liveable urban community principles and to demonstrate how the concepts of liveability can enhance the quality of a city. Moreover, this paper will propose a tool for assessing urban growth and management in Egyptian cities and offer recommendations for further improvements to be incorporated into processes to achieve liveable communities. These proposals may pave the way for defining policies to help achieve liveability and to improve the quality of urban cities in Egypt.

Optimization and energy management of hybrid standalone energy system: a case study

Electric power shortage is a serious problem in remote rural communities in Egypt. Over the past few years, electrification of remote communities including efficient on-site energy resources utilization has achieved high progress. Remote communities usually depend on diesel generator (DG) networks to supply the community with reliable energy and fresh water. The main objective of this paper is to design an optimal economic power supply from a hybrid standalone energy system (HSES). The system is intended to cover the energy required for a desalination unit (DU) installed in a farm in Noubarya, Egypt. The proposed system consists of PV panels, wind turbines (WT), batteries, and DG. DU load is about 105.6 kWh/day rated power with 6.6 kW peak load operating 16 h a day. The objective of system optimization is to reach the suitable size of each component and the control strategy that provide reliable, efficient, and cost effective system using net present cost (NPC) as a criterion. The harmonization of different energy sources, energy storage and load requirements is a challenging task. Thus, the performance of various possible configurations is investigated, using iHOGA software that is based on genetic algorithm (GA). In this study the achieved optimum configuration is further improved by adapting the daily load pattern to the periods of high renewable generated energy to increase direct energy utilization rather than charging batteries. This will result in effective minimization of battery bank size.

إدارة أراضي الامتداد بالتجمعات العمرانية في مصر Management of extension lands in urban communities in Egypt

إن عملية هي العنصر الحاکم في عملية التنمية العمرانية (والإقتصادية)، وتعتمد الکثير من الخطط التنموية الفعالة علي عنصر المکان، الذي يتمثل في الأراضي، التي تسمح بإقامة مشروعات على الاراضى المتاحة للتنمية، حيث تهدف هذه المشروعات والبرامج إلي تنمية البيئة الاقتصادية الاجتماعية للسکان، وتحسين البيئة العمرانية، مما يعمل علي تحسين مستوي جودة الحياة، وهو الأمر الذي يحقق الهدف من التنمية للأفراد، کما يساهم فى تقليل التفاوتات الإقليمية بين التجمعات الحضرية والاقاليم الاکثر نموا مثل القاهرة والأسکندرية، والتجمعات والاقاليم الأقل نموا مثل بقية المعمور المصري، خاصة الصعيد، الا ان الوضع الحالى يظهر نتائج سلبية يعکسها استمرار الإمتداد السکانى والاقتصادى والعمرانى العشوائى على الاراضى المتاحة للتنمية بتلک التجمعات على الرغم من وجود مخططات عمرانية لها، وذلک بسبب العديد من المعوقات والتحديات التى تواجه عملية إدارة الأراضى بصفة عامة، ومن هذه المعوقات غياب سياسات التعامل مع الأراضي، وعدم توافر الکوادر الفنية القادرة علي فهم وتشغيل عملية إدارة التنمية بمفهومها العام وإدارة الأراضي بصفة خاصة، وعدم وضوح الجوانب التشريعية المنظمة لها، وعدم وجود معلومات عن تلک الأراضي، اما عن التحديات فتظهر في تعدد أشکال حيازات وولايات إدارة الاراضى (محليات، جهات عامة، أفراد، شرکات، ...) وعدم التنسيق بينها مما يؤدى الى سوء تنمية الأراضي وظهور عشوائيات التعامل مع الاراضي. ويهدف البحث إلي رصد وتحليل المشاکل التى تواجه إدارة الأراضي بمصر واقتراح الآليات اللازمة للتعامل معها، وتتناول المنهجية البحث من خلال أربعة جوانب، الجانب الاول يتناول رصد الموقف الحالي للأراضى، أما الجانب الثاني فيستعرض تجارب التعامل مع الاراضي، وبالنسبة للجانب الثالث فهو يعمل على مراجعة لمنظومة ادارة الاراضى واستخلاص نتائج الدراسة، أما الجانب الرابع فهو يقدم توصيات الدراسة واقتراح آليات التعامل مع الارضي بما يحقق اهداف التنمية. وتتمثل إشکالية البحث في عدم وجود آلية أو توجه يحدد السياسات والممارسات اللازمة لتحقيق اهداف إدارة أراضى الإمتداد لتفى بمتطلبات التنمية المرجوة. The land management process is the main element in the urban development process. Many effective development plans depend on the land location, which allows the establishment of new projects that depends on the land available for development. These projects and programs aim to develop the socio-economic environment of the population and the improvement of the urban environment, which improves the quality of life, achieves the goal of development for individuals. The current situation shows negative results reflected by the continued demographic, economic and urban expansion of the land available for development, despite the existence of urban plans, due to the obstacles and challenges faced by the management process in general, these obstacles include the absence of policies dealing with land, lack of technical personnel capable of understanding and operating the process of development management generally and land management particularly , unclarity in legislative regulations and the lack of information available on these lands. The research concludes that there is no mechanism, vision, resources or orientation that sets out the policies and practices necessary to achieve land management objectives to meet the requirements of development.

Date Palm Rachis as a Local and Renewable Structural Material for Rural Communities in Egypt

Date Palm Rachis has been widely used in sheathing of houses in the rural communities in Egypt and the Middle East, as a local and cheap material that naturally resists direct solar radiation and humidity. Lately, researchers around the world began to build complete structures using Date Palm Rachis to take advantage of its abundance and natural resistance. However, due to the lack of the required mechanical properties for structural analytical modeling, mock ups are used to assess the structural properties of Date Palm Rachis. This tool of assessment is insufficient in the consideration of wind or temporary and unforeseen loads. This paper introduces the closest estimations of the complicated mechanical properties required for structural analytical modeling, according to the available equipment and the variable nature of Date Palm Rachis. The results showed that Date Palm Rachis is a promising structural material with structural properties that are competitive to that of imported timbers in Egypt. This paper invites researches and builders to exploit the potentials of Palm Rachis as a structural material for rural communities.

Date Palm Rachis as a Local and Renewable Structural Material for Rural Communities in Egypt

Date Palm Rachis has been widely used in sheathing of houses in the rural communities in Egypt and the Middle East, as a local and cheap material that naturally resists direct solar radiation and humidity. Lately, researchers around the world began to build complete structures using Date Palm Rachis to take advantage of its abundance and natural resistance. However, due to the lack of the required mechanical properties for structural analytical modeling, mock ups are used to assess the structural properties of Date Palm Rachis. This tool of assessment is insufficient in the consideration of wind or temporary and unforeseen loads. This paper introduces the closest estimations of the complicated mechanical properties required for structural analytical modeling, according to the available equipment and the variable nature of Date Palm Rachis. The results showed that Date Palm Rachis is a promising structural material with structural properties that are competitive to that of imported timbers in Egypt. This paper invites researches and builders to exploit the potentials of Palm Rachis as a structural material for rural communities.

Date Palm Rachis as a Local and Renewable Structural Material for Rural Communities in Egypt

Date Palm Rachis as a Local and Renewable Structural Material for Rural Communities in Egypt

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Network for New Community in Egypt, Case Study New El-Farafra Oasis

Renewable energies play an indispensable role in remote areas where the electricity grid is not accessible. Photovoltaic energy (PV), wind energy and biomass energy have been included among the most of renewable energy sources. Hybrid systems are considered the most pragmatic solution for remote areas in off-grid. Combination between these energies to expedient the load requirements with reliable, economical and sustainable energy supply is considered as a critical concern. This paper reflects a techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy power network for new Community in Egypt, EL-Farafra Oasis as a case study. The hybrid system proposed in this paper includes three renewable energy sources, namely, PV systems, wind turbines and biomass generators. The estimated community loads are residential, commercial, small-scale industrial and agricultural. The whole combined system is optimized using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) simulation tools while ranking the system suitability. The results show that the best scenario for the combination is the PV / wind / Biomass / Battery system with the minimum cost of energy (COE) equal 0.293 $ / kW. The optimal hybrid system is 30.687 MW PV-array, 13.5 MW wind turbines, 46 MW biomass generator, generic 1 KW.hr lead-acid battery (117,089 strings) and system converter (32.911 MW) with a dispatch strategy of load following. The optimum design of the proposed system can supply the electric power required for community loads continuously, therefore the combined system proposed is a good Surrogate system that could be implemented in the newly proposed community.

Women’s awareness and perceptions about maternal mortality in rural communities in Assiut and Fayoum Governorates, Egypt

Background Awareness among women about maternal mortality is a very important step as a preventive measure to reduce its rate and to understand misconception of women’s knowledge about its issues. Aim This study aimed to assess the awareness and perceptions of women about maternal mortality issues in rural areas in both Assiut and Fayoum Governorates. Patients and methods A descriptive comparative research was conducted in this study. A total of 600 rural women were included and divided into two equal groups in Assiut and Fayoum Governorates (300 and 300, respectively). A structured interviewing questionnaire was designed by the researcher to assess the awareness and perceptions of these women who lived in rural communities about maternal mortality issues. Results There are no statistical significance differences between both groups regarding the levels of awareness about maternal mortality (P>0.05). More than two-thirds of rural women in both groups considered post-partum period as the commonest time for maternal deaths (71 and 67%, respectively). The rural women in both groups perceived lack of maternal health awareness as the main cause of maternal deaths (60 and 64% in Assiut and Fayoum Governorates, respectively). Age of women and their family size were considered as risk factors affecting the levels of awareness among these women. Conclusion There are no statistical significance differences between both groups in rural communities regarding the levels of awareness about maternal mortality. Recommendations Educational programs should be conducted about maternal health issues through Ministry of Health to raise the awareness of women about these issues especially in rural communities of Egypt.

The Arab Uprisings and the Politics of Contention Beyond Borders: The Case of Egyptian Communities in the United States

The article draws on the case of the Egyptian uprising between 25 January and 11 February 2011, and maps the transnational practices in which Egyptians in the United States engaged to sustain political ties with Egypt during this period and its direct aftermath. Tracking the involvement of US-based Egyptians through the lens of digital, civic, and epistemic fields, it relates how US-based Egyptians wove a transnational field of contention to boost the uprising’s momentum and renegotiate understandings of political participation. While transnational engagement is credited for refashioning the politics of participation and expanding it beyond territorial sites of governance, it has not had concrete implications for Egypt’s political transition. Transnational non-state activism lost much of its appeal in the US-Egyptian transnational space with the return of the so-called “deep state” after 2013 and the fear of repression. By relating activist strategies to shifting political opportunities, the article provides a broader understanding of the complex interrelationships between emigration and political dynamics within the Arab state. Cover Image: Drummer Evokes the Joyous, Hopeful Mood of the 2011 Uprising. Image by Hamada Elrasam for Voice of America, https://tinyurl.com/y8v49z5c.

Diaspora policy in weakly governed arenas and the benefits of multipolar engagement: lessons from the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt

ABSTRACTMuch of the literature on diaspora policy frameworks assumes states are monolithic, with exclusively centralised decision-making and political and administrative capacity spread across decentralised units. Yet, decentralised units of government do engage directly with diasporas; and many countries seeking to engage their diasporas suffer from limited capacity and reach to jurisdictions far from their capitals. In weak governing structures, diaspora policy is likely to be less formal, and ad hoc. The Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt is the de facto public service provider to Coptic communities in Egypt. Like the Egyptian state, it suffers from limited control of its decentralised dioceses. The Church's implicit and decentralised diaspora policy demonstrates the complexity and benefits of multipolar diaspora engagement. It offers a menu of options that may maximise the deepening of diaspora identity and the material contributions diasporas make in the country of origin, and the sustenance of both. The analysis supports a political economy, and especially governmentality, explanation for differences in diaspora policy.

'Critical Study on Gated Communities in Egypt' Roles of Main Participants to Perform Design Determinants

This study aims to observe and analyze the effective roles for key participants to produce efficiency, development and integrated luxury housing in Egypt. According to analytical researches, there are (3) three main parties; Developer (Owner), User and Architect. In addition, this study explains the relations among them all. The problem of the research discusses how huge investments for such type of housing can be managed carefully to protect the national revenue through cooperation among the partners. They all target to achieve the best architectural product at this type of housing. The user asks for the maximum satisfaction and having top standard of welfare. Developer wants to achieve many profits to accelerate continual turnover successfully. Architect plays the connecting link for these mutual goals, targets and objectives. These integrated matrixes among those parties are highly precious to study. Three hypotheses are assumed to be checked to cover the greatest role in producing luxury housing. The applied part of the research tested these hypotheses. Hence, finding a new scientific method for cooperation among the main parties is highly important to achieve.

الطائفية والهوية: صراعات المسيحية الشرقية في مصر في العصر العثماني

Eastern Christianity has been starkly influenced by the Ottoman rule. With the dominant power of the Greek Patriarch over the Chalcedonian communities in the Arab world, these communities have been reconstructed, and many struggles and conflicts erupted.This paper tackles an aspect of these struggles among Christian communities in Egypt during the 17th century, as represented in a conflict between the monks of Saint Catherine Monastery in Sinai and the Melkite patriarch of Egypt. It examines how the local powers intervened in this conflict, and how the whole narrative has been formulated in legal and sharia texts.

TALENT MANAGEMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TOWARDS HERITAGE COMMUNITIES DEVELOPMENT

Heritage communities in Egypt have continuously developed to sustain a history of millenniums. Developments have been focused on sustaining the physical heritage such as buildings and cities, yet ignoring the intangible heritage such as stories, memories and traditions of people. The results are deterioration of the developed physical heritage as a natural response of ignorance. Architectural Design Firms (ADFs) are responsible for developing innovative solutions that translate intangible heritage into sustainable projects. Such solutions require talented architects who are in need of being treated in a talented manner. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the role of Talent Management (TM) as a novel approach for developing innovative solutions for Egyptian heritage communities’ development. In order to achieve this aim, a qualitative approach based on (1) literature review is used to investigate heritage development, creative industries, ADFs, motivation and TM and (2) a case study is collected and analysed to study the relationship between TM and intangible heritage preservation.