Communities In Coastal Areas Research Articles

NOAA to train thousands for jobs that will advance climate resilience

Disadvantaged communities in coastal areas will participate in the new initiative.

Assessing coastal population capacity in Tsunami-prone areas: A grid-based approach.

The research results show that using grid cells to analyse areas affected by the tsunami can provide excellent and informative results. Research findings at the research location regarding community preparedness in facing tsunamis show that communities at risk of being affected by the tsunami need to increase their capacity because the majority of communities in coastal areas, especially in the Sidorejo sub-village, have been identified as having low capacity according to several livelihood asset parameters such as financial capital in income. By increasing individual capacity, it is hoped that society will be able to avoid the threat of tsunami waves better.

A new framework on climate-induced food-security risk for small-scale fishing communities in Tanzania

Food insecurity is a pressing issue facing our world, particularly affecting coastal communities who rely on marine resources. The problem is further compounded by the rapidly changing climate, a deteriorating environment and growing human populations. It is essential to evaluate this issue accurately to reduce risk and improve the situation of coastal communities, especially in countries with less socioeconomic development. To this end, we develop a food security social-ecological risk assessment framework for developing communities in coastal areas of the Western Indian Ocean facing a changing environment. The framework integrates local ecological knowledge, expert scientific opinion, survey data, and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a observation. We conducted a local-scale case study in four regions in Tanzania; Mafia, Pemba, Tanga, and Unguja, revealing that they face moderate to high risk levels of food insecurity. The highest risk was observed in the island communities of Pemba and Unguja, while the communities of Mafia and Tanga had the lowest risk due to lower exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Our results show that recognizing the key differences across risk components is crucial in identifying effective intervention strategies for local practitioners. This study highlights the need for detailed assessments to provide accurate information on local-scale food security dynamics, specifically when assessing impacts induced by environmental and climatic changes.

Analisis Jejaring Kebijakan dalam Program Sertifikasi Permukiman di Atas Air di Kelurahan Kawal Kecamatan Gunung Kijang Kabupaten Bintan

The certification program for settlements on the water is carried out as a form of ensuring legal protection for community settlements on the water. So far, it has been difficult for the community to get a certificate because they are above the sea, not on land like people who generally live on land. The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the policy networks involved in the implementation of the overwater settlement certification program in Kawal Village, Gunung Kijang District, Bintan Regency. The theory used is Van Waarden's theory (1992) with indicators of actors, functions, structures, institutions, rules of action, power relations, and actor strategies. The results of this study show that the policy network involved in the implementation of the overwater settlement certification program consists of the Central Government, Provincial Government, District Government, and Village Government. The mechanism for implementing the overwater settlement certification program in Bintan Regency, especially in Kawal Village, is based on the Decree of the Director General of Marine Spatial Management Number 15 of 2023 concerning Guidelines for Facilitating Approval of Conformity of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities for Local Communities in Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The implementation of this program certainly has obstacles in the field, namely related to coordination between agencies, especially at the regional level, on the implementation of socialization, facilities and access when going to the field. Researchers suggest the need to empower policy networks outside the government and the private sector.

Evaluation of Complementary Cupping Therapy in the Management of Hypertension and Triglyceride Levels in Coastal Fishermen Communities

Background: Fishermen are community groups requiring special attention. The characteristics of a stressful job, unhealthy diet, and environmental and weather conditions are risk factors for hypertension and increased triglycerides. Wet cupping therapy is expected to improve imbalance in triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and pulse rate in fishermen living in coastal areas. Methods: Sixty people from fishing communities participated in this study through random sampling by creating a serial number list. The hypertensive group (n= 30) received cupping therapy combined with Al-Quran therapy, whereas the normotensive group (n= 30) only received cupping therapy. Blood pressure, pulse, and triglyceride levels were measured in both groups before and one week after cupping therapy. Results: In the hypertension group who were administered cupping therapy combined with Al-Quran therapy, there were changes in blood pressure, mean systolic blood pressure value (from 155.4 ± 21.8 to 141.3 ± 19.9), diastolic blood pressure (from 92.9 ± 10.6 to 85.3 ± 11.3), and triglyceride levels (from 259.4 ± 154.6 to 173 ± 74.5), which showed a statistically significant decrease in P value <0.05, while the normotensive group was statistically significant, but there was an increase within normal limits in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, as well as a decrease in triglyceride levels. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that wet cupping combined with Al-Quran therapy is a promising complementary therapy for controlling blood pressure and triglyceride levels in hypertensive patients. Therefore, it could be an alternative therapy for fishing communities in coastal areas.

The lived experiences of providing nursing care in coastal areas: A qualitative study.

To explore nurses' experiences in providing care in coastal areas. The phenomenological study was conducted from July to September 2020 in two coastal areas located in the Riau province of Indonesia, and comprised nurses working in public health centers, hospitals and district health offices. Data was collected using in-depth interviews. Data was subjected to thematic analysis. Of the 13 nurses, 10(77%) were females and 3(23%) were males. The overall age range was 24-44 years. Four themes that emerged were health problems in coastal areas, obstacles in nursing care delivery, irrelevant duty, and procedures in delivering nursing care. There were a total of 10 sub-themes as well. Despite the challenged faced by the nurses, communities in coastal areas deserve to get due healthcare services.

Sosialisasi Hukum Tentang Pengaturan Kewenangan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir

Introduction: Coastal areas are areas where land and sea meet, towards land, coastal areas include parts of land, both dry and submerged in water, which are still influenced by sea properties such as tides, sea breezes and the expansion of salt water towards the sea, including parts of the sea that it is still influenced by natural processes that occur on land such as sedimentation and fresh water flows. Management of coastal areas and small islands is carried out through coordinating planning, utilization, supervision and control of coastal and small island resources carried out by the government and regional governments, between land and marine ecosystem sectors, as well as between science and management to improve people's welfare. In this regard, the authority to manage coastal areas is regulated in several statutory regulations which can cause problems regarding which institution has the authority to manage coastal areas, especially in Ambon Bay.Purposes of Devotion: The aim of this community service activity (PKM) is to ensure that the Ambon Bay coastal community, especially the community in Wayame Village, understands the authority of institutions in regulating coastal area management and also to obtain suggestions and input from coastal communities directly which can become study material for the Government. Method of Devotion: Activities are carried out in the form of outreach to the community with the stages of implementing community service in outline starting from: (1) Preliminary Data Collection; (2) Community Service Activities take the form of socialization; (3) Evaluation of Community Service activities.Results of the Devotion: The lack of public understanding regarding the role and function of institutional management of the Ambon Bay coastal area means that it needs to be reviewed so that its duties and roles in carrying out, improving the social and economic life of the community, especially those who live around the Ambon Bay coastal area, can increase. To improve the standard of living of coastal communities, an empowerment program can be launched for fishermen who are the main source of livelihood for communities in coastal areas. Empowerment is carried out through developing alternative livelihoods, increasing access to capital for fishermen, increasing access to technology, both fishing/cultivation technology and processing of fishery products, facilitating fishermen to obtain a decent market.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterioplankton communities in the estuaries of two differently contaminated coastal areas: Composition, driving factors and ecological process

Seasonal variations of environmental parameters usually lead to considerable changes in microbial communities. Nevertheless, the specific response patterns of these communities in coastal areas subjected to different levels of contamination remain unclear. Our results revealed notable fluctuations in the bacterioplankton community both seasonally and spatially, with seasonal variations being particularly significant. The diversity and composition of bacterioplankton communities in the estuaries varied significantly across seasons and between seas. Some bacterial phyla that were highly abundant in the dry season (e.g., Patescibacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota) were almost absent in the wet season. Furthermore, the network analysis revealed that the bacterioplankton networks were more complex during the wet season than in the dry season. In the wet season, the estuarine bacterioplankton network in the Yellow Sea region was more complex and stable, while the opposite was true in the dry season. According to the neutral community model, stochastic processes played a more significant role in the formation of bacterioplankton communities during the wet season than during the dry season. Estuarine bacterioplankton communities in the Yellow Sea region were more affected by stochastic processes compared to those in the Bohai Sea. In summary, in the estuaries of two differently contaminated coastal areas, the seasonal increase in nutrient levels enhanced the deterministic processes and network complexity of the bacterioplankton communities.

Legal Reconstruction of Land Rights Allocation for Coastal Land Based on Justice Values

This research analyzes the weaknesses of the Land Rights Allocation for Coastal Communities and finds a legal reconstruction of the Land Rights Allocation for Coastal Communities based on justice values in Indonesia in a constructivism paradigm where the type of research method used is normative juridical and the specifications of this research have a prescriptive analytical nature with the approach used by the author being a statutory approach. The research results found that the Weaknesses can be seen from the fact that coastal communities have been given land rights for generations based on Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/BPN Regulation Number 17 of 2016. Regulations on granting land rights to coastal communities have been implemented, but are not yet optimal, and the legal certainty has not yet been explained in detail the definition of the people who can be given Land Rights Land (indigenous communities/local communities/traditional communities), no clear boundaries, and no hereditary criteria. From a legal conceptual perspective, there will be confusion if a land-over-water settlement is given a clear certificate of ownership issued by the Land Office but the object to which the Certificate of Ownership of Land is entitled is actually on water, there needs to be an appropriate policy formulation to address this issue. so that legal certainty for people living in settlements on water can be realized. Therefore, the Regulations related to granting land rights to communities in coastal areas need to be harmonized and reviewed regarding the substance of the purpose and function of the certificate itself so that it can guarantee legal certainty and legal protection for holders of land rights certificates to improve community welfare in a broad sense.

Peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pada Kawasan Pertembangan Emas di Sumbawa Barat

This research examines the role of coastal Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in community empowerment efforts in gold mining areas in West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Gold mining areas often face challenges related to environmental impacts, social problems and economic inequality. This research aims to understand how BUMDes on the coast contribute to community empowerment, with a focus on the initiatives and programs they have implemented. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative descriptive research. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. Data was obtained by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis procedures use Data Reduction, Data Display and Drawing Conclusions and Verification. The research results show that BUMDes have a significant role in empowering communities in gold mining areas. They act as managers of local natural resources, such as water and agricultural land, which have a direct impact on the welfare of coastal communities. BUMDes also plays a role in managing mining company funds which are given as a form of compensation to local communities. The results of this research show that BUMDes have great potential to play a more strategic role in mitigating the negative impacts of gold mining and improving the quality of life of communities in coastal areas. However, challenges such as licensing, efficient management and supervision need to be overcome to ensure that BUMDes can operate successfully and provide maximum benefits for coastal communities in West Sumbawa. This research can provide useful insights for stakeholders, local governments and BUMDes in efforts to empower communities in gold mining areas.

Strategy for Improving Environmental Quality through Waste Management in the Bajoe Coastal Area Community, Bone Regency

This study aims to discuss the evaluation of waste management in the coastal area of Bajoe, Kab. Bone. The approach used is a qualitative and quantitative approach from a methodological aspect, and an environmental, economic, religious approach from a scientific aspect. The research design used is an evaluative research design. The required data were collected by observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data that has been collected was analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that First, the results of the assessment of waste observers really want to make a change to the people in the Bajoe coastal area by providing assistance in waste management. The Bajo people are said to have minimal attention to waste management even if they are given counseling on waste management. Second, the participation of the Bajoe coastal community in waste management based on Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM) theory. Third, the making of the module through the input-process-output stage through several stages in terms of revising the adjustment of environmental conditions in the Bajoe coastal area which must be harmonized because during the observation and distribution of questionnaires the researcher only focused on identifying types of waste and knowing how they manage waste. The module development stages consist of module creation, FGD Review Module and Module Implementation.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Terhadap Pencegahan Limbah Sampah Pelantar Kota Tanjungpinang

This research aims to evaluate the Tanjungpinang City Environmental Service's policy towards preventing Tanjungpinang City Landfill Waste. Tanjungpinang City is the capital of the Riau Islands province which will be used as a tourist city in the Riau Islands. However, to make this happen, one of the tasks of the Tanjung Pinang city government is to solve the waste problem in the city of Tanjung Pinang, especially the old city of Tanjung Pinang, which is a slum area that has the largest area among other slum settlements in Tanjung Pinang. The research method uses a descriptive approach which is a method that used to describe a phenomenon or event by relying on data and facts found in the field. The purpose of qualitative research with a descriptive approach is to explain and describe phenomena and their characteristics, as well as having a greater tendency towards how it is implemented or the reasons why something happens. The results of the research show that evaluation is very important so that steps are taken so that the policies made are not arbitrary. -To do this, there must be an appropriate regulatory basis in order to get maximum results because sea cleanliness is the main milestone in the Riau Archipelago, where almost 100% of the Riau Archipelago is sea and is a maritime area, therefore the importance of awareness by both the public and the government so that the economy which is based on the needs of communities in coastal areas and small islands as an effort to empower communities to increase community participation and capacity in coastal and small island management, especially in the field of dealing with coastal and marine waste pollution.

Modelling of drifting object dispersion in linear wave-induced flow

The dispersal of drifting objects like plant propagule under wave action can provide important information for the restoration of the plant community in coastal areas. An improved motion equation of the drift under wave action is established by coordinate transformation under the premise that the buoyancy is always perpendicular to the free surface, considering the variation of submerged height and the pressure gradient. Its numerical solution obtained by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method was compared with the experimental results in the literature, and the rationality of the improved motion equation is then verified. Then the perturbation method and Lagrange tracking principle were used to obtain the average longitudinal drift velocity expressed by Stokes drift velocity. The effect of different forces in the motion equations to the longitudinal diffusive motion was analyzed. Finally, the hydrodynamic coefficients affecting the prediction were analyzed, and the results show that the effects of the added mass coefficient and the drag coefficient are mainly reflected in the region with higher wave heights. The findings may provide certain scientific guidance for the restoration of coastal vegetation ecology through natural colonization.

Middle-class risk perception of disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, Philippines

The United Nations estimate that by 2030 about half of the world’s population would be comprised of the middle-class, who mostly live in the increasing number of megacities around the world. Southeast Asian megacities, such as Metropolitan Manila, have long been troubled by rapid urbanization, increasing disaster risk, and the looming impacts of climate change. As a response, there is a growing focus on disaster and climate resilient policies in megacities, most of which have only centered on how future disasters and climate uncertainty would impact vulnerable communities. This has resulted in policies that cater towards relocation of the poor to combat disasters and climate change. This exploratory study attempts to elucidate how the middle-class views disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Using an online questionnaire survey of 425 middle-class respondents, the study shows that middle-class perception of risk potentially amplifies vulnerability and reduces the resilience of the poor. While knowledge about the risks is high, the capacity of the middle class to act is low, especially compared to vulnerable communities. Also, climate change and disasters are viewed primarily as environmental issues, which is compounded by inadequate defenses. Land reclamation, along with coastal informal settlements, are viewed as an intrusion into the environment. This study finds that the middle-class’s perception of risk may marginalize the poor by favoring eviction of vulnerable communities in coastal areas, including those targeted for land reclamation, under the pretext of controlling the city’s population growth and environmental impact.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Proses Pengomposan Secara Aerob Di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Ternate

The large volume of waste transported to TPA, requires a solution from every level of society. Ternate is a coastal city that is famous for its natural resources like fresh fish, one of which is skipjack tuna. During the process, the gills are thrown to the side of the house, water ditch, and the sea, and can pollute the environment. Fish waste (gills and rotten fish) contains nitrogen and protein elements and can be used for composting. The activity aims to make compost with the addition of Cakalang fish gills through an aerobic composting process for people living in coastal areas in Ternate City. The method is the mentoring model, namely assistance related to making compost with the addition of Cakalang fish gills through an aerobic composting process for communities in coastal areas. The targets in this activity are women, farmer groups who live in coastal areas in Togafo Village, Ternate City. The results shows that the participants were active in every activity session, both during lectures involving material, especially during demonstrations involving participants in the manufacture and use of compost. Participants said that this service activity was useful for them in processing household waste.

The Impact of Flood Disaster Risk on the Welfare of the Coastal Communities of Semarang City

Poor communities in coastal areas of Semarang City experience flooding as much as 1-7 times a month with a height of up to 30 cm and duration of inundation under 6 hours. In general, disaster risk is understood as the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets that can occur to a system, society, or community over a period. The research approach was conducted using a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). The qualitative approach is open-ended, descriptive, and non-directional; while for quantitative it is directional, there is a theoretical perspective, and looking for relationships between variables. Damage caused by floods to poor community groups in the coastal area of Semarang City in the form of damage to residential houses and also damage loss of other properties such as electronic goods, household appliances, furniture and vehicles. In addition, another risk is the loss of income and employment due to the flood disaster. With these conditions, the poor in the coastal areas of Semarang City are shackled in a cycle of poverty. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out adaptation and disaster mitigation more intensively to minimize the economic impact and overcome poverty caused by flooding in poor communities in the coastal areas of Semarang City.

Ibuprofen and diclofenac in the marine environment - a critical review of their occurrence and potential risk for invertebrate species

The presence of the two main non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), in marine and estuarine systems has been reported. Although the available information about the toxicity of these compounds in aquatic organisms has increased in recent years, the database about marine organisms, specifically invertebrates, is limited. Consequently, the assessment of potential risks posed by these compounds to aquatic species should be improved, given their relevance for aquatic life and the trophic chain. To fill this gap, we analyze the potential risk of IBU and DCF in marine invertebrates. To assess the risk, the database was built with available information from the scientific literature about the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of both compounds in the estuaries and marine environments. Risk assessment of both compounds in these environments is scarce and based essentially on their acute toxicity. Data compiled in this review, including environmental concentrations and toxicity thresholds, were used to calculate risk quotients and classify the risk for invertebrate communities in coastal areas with different contamination levels. The results indicated a higher risk for DCF than IBU. Additionally, the simultaneous presence of the two NSAIDs in the aquatic environment increases the risk for exposed organisms. The use of classical methods (e.g., biochemical markers, gene expression), new approaches (e.g., adverse outcome pathway, AOP), and omic techniques has contributed to understanding the underlying toxicity mechanisms and improving the risk assessment. However, in a global change scenario involving multiple drivers and pressures such as ocean acidification, heat waves, climate change, etc., the risk assessment for these emerging pollutants needs improvement. This can be achieved by increasing our knowledge about the metabolic pathway and biotransformation routes of these compounds in marine species and understanding how these changes can affect the bioaccumulation, toxicity, fate, and behavior of both NSAIDs.

Sustainable and inclusive development of finfish mariculture in Cambodia: Perceived barriers to engagement and expansion

Finfish mariculture, dominated by production of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), is of high economic importance in Cambodia and is providing substantial benefits to engaged communities in coastal areas. Using semi-structured face-to-face interviews, we explore perceived barriers to engagement in the industry in three coastal districts of Cambodia where such farming is undertaken. We explore obstacles faced by current finfish mariculture value chain actors, eliciting perceptions of 56 female and male current participants. We also elicit perceptions of the industry entry restrictions by interviewing 62 men and women in the same communities, but who are currently not engaged in finfish mariculture. Specifically including men, women, youths and religion in the study sample, we also tested for potential differences in perceptions of the barriers based on demographic characteristics. The most pertinent areas for strengthening the value chain were identified by participants as: Strengthening training and technical support services; Improving availability of good quality fingerlings; Promoting compounded feeds to replace ‘trash’ fish; and Supporting value chain inclusivity, development and diversification. The most common obstacles to entry into the industry were reported as lack of: Finance and financial support; Security of access to land and water; Technical support services and experience; and Time and available labour. Barriers and participant needs identified in this study indicate a set of emerging priorities for both the Cambodian Fisheries Administration and the international donor community.

Increasing Sustainable Post Pandemic Economic Activities in Coastal Fishing Ports

Sea transportation is an important means of supporting the economy and welfare distribution in remote areas in Indonesia, but, many areas do not yet have adequate sea transportation facilities. This is one of the economic development problems that needs to be considered. In order to support economic development in those areas, it is necessary to plan and develop port facilities as a support to sea transportation services. With the lack of port facilities infrastructure, it affects the flow of port traffic and becomes difficult to develop. The current Pandemic condition is a challenge considering that fishing activities are very disrupted, but it does not dampen the desire to be able to solve problems in developing coastal fishing ports which are the main source of people living in coastal areas. This research aims to develop a coastal fishing port into a modern port. In addition, this research was also carried out to support the improvement of the economic activities of fishing communities in coastal areas. The type of data used is qualitative data while the data collection method used are interview, observation and literature study. The results show that the economic activities of coastal communities in the pandemic era require management policy. It is needed by placing economic interests in proportion to environmental interests, both in the short and long term. Community development strategies can be carried out through two approaches, they are, structural and non-structural.

Leadership management of village heads based on soft skill development of coastal communities in Indonesia

This study aims to map the soft skills of the coastal area community’s potentials through leadership management of the village heads to be innovative to develop the village growth in the coastal area of northern Indonesia. The study relied on a survey with a mixed method. It involved villagers in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, as the population and 33 villagers (village heads, village officials, prominent figures, and villagers) as the sample. It was found that village heads’ leadership management in soft skill development of community potentials based on the village innovation system in the coastal area arrives at a good category. Further, this study found that the village heads’ leadership management in managing potential soft skills and characteristics of village communities in coastal areas based on village innovation systems in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, was in the good category with a percentage of 71.4%. This percentage is obtained through several indicators, i.e., (1) leadership management with 76.3% (good category); (2) village head strategy with 75.4%; and (3) innovation system with 66.2% (good category). It is expected that it can be further improved through other indicators apart from the grand design and the analysis of village heads’ leadership management model in managing soft skills of potentials and characteristics of the village community in the coastal area based on village innovation systems. Acknowledgment We would like to express our gratitude to the Head of the Faculty, the Dean of the Faculty of Education, Village Head, and District Head, Local and Provincial Government for the implementation of this study.