Communist Agent Research Articles

Privatization of exploitation in Russia

As Hakamata [1] has pointed out, the current crisis in Russia cannot be understood or remedied by economic theories and methods because it stems from the ethos of reckless cheating by “entrepreneurs” and other businesspersons. Because of the rampant practice of cheating, firms as well as consumers cannot count on honesty in business activities. Maruyama discussed [9– 11] that the hidden purpose of the communist regime was exploitation of the poor under the pretext of protection of the poor, as will be explained below. During the communism era, the state government system exploited the poor and the powerless. The current postcommunist “entrepreneurship” is a privatized continuation of exploitation. During the tsar regime, many foreign intellectuals had been employed by the Russian nobility, and French was spoken among upper class Russians. The anti-tsar revolution was instigated by foreign intellectuals. Even Lenin was Jewish, as was officially recognized in the early 1990s. Communists, who included Russians as well as foreigners, organized illegal and often violent activities to overthrow the tsar regime and gain political power. They used the rhetoric of advocating the improvement of the life of the lower class. After the revolution, communists instituted a dictatorial system which was enforced by terror, secret arrests and executions. Their purpose was accumulation of wealth and power. While factory workers could be easily indoctrinated, farmers remained quite autonomous and resistant to communism. Communists purged and executed a great number of farmers. The following example illustrates their method. A farm boy needed a new shirt and went to a neighbor to work for a few hours in exchange for a new shirt. A communist agent, dressed in an expensive fur coat, arrived and demanded the boy to sign a statement that the neighbor had exploited him. The body first refused but was forced to sign. The farmer was arrested and executed. The agent confiscated the farmer’s possessions. It is often assumed that communist systems provide no motivation, incentives, rewards or opportunities for expertise. But this assumption is incorrect [10]. The communist systems were based on allocation [6,7]. For example, for a factory, the “profit” consisted of monetary and material allocations from the government. It was not necessary to make a profit on sales. Since the delivery of allocations could take several years, clever managers overrequested the allocations and accumulated excess inventory, and side-traded it with other factories in order to obtain urgently needed items. Expertise was necessary in the wheeling-dealing, and efficient managers gained material reward, social recognition and psychological pride. Furthermore, since all materials were considered as “state property” which belonged to “people”, individual workers in many of the communist countries felt no guilt in stealing officially stocked materials. In such systems, it was quite logical and “legitimate” to steal. Therefore the current rampant cheating in business adcivities is a logical extension of the communist ethos. Exploitation and cheating became privatized. China was an exception, where in the 1950s the communists subverted the traditional Chinese concept of humbling into confession of guilt [12]. In their brainwashing sessions [4], the Chinese competed in confessing sins: the more confessions one made, the more prestige one gained, and for that purpose, one invented fictitious sins that he/she did not commit. Until 1980 [2], any individual gain was considered to be a “crime against people”. In Russia in the 1990s, not only individual entrepreneurs but also semi-official organizations such as cooperatives as well as administrative collective entities such as “nomenklatura” which continued to exist after privatization were highly exploitative. For example, in order to enable individuals to purchase stocks of state-owned factories, “coupons” were issued to individuals, supposedly exchangeable with stocks. But cooperatives and “nomenklatura” deceived the inexperienced members by saying that if the members gave their “coupons” to the cooperative administrators who would act like stock exchange agents, the members

“Frenzy and Ferocity”: The Stalinist Judicial System in Poland, 1944–47, and the Search for Redress

InMay and June 1992, the Polish political elite, deeply divided and mired in fractional struggle, devoured itself in the lustracja, a resolution passed by the Polish parliament to root out alleged Communist agents and collaborators then in state service. This spectacle hastened the downfall of the Center-Right government of Prime Minister Jan Olszewski, whose parliamentary supponers organized this political witch hunt. Completely dominating the political arena in Poland, it overshadowed other resolutions aimed at, broadly speaking, historical justice. Legislation aimed at reducing the retirement pensions of persons who had been employed in repressive state institutions, upgrading the retirement benefits of victims of state repression, and revising the statute of limitations on crimes committed during the Stalinist period, that is, between 1944 and 1956, languished. The unifying theme in these projects was redress for wrongs committed during the process of sovietization after World War Two.

Choe — detained cartoonist: The Thieu government arrested the cartoonist as a ‘Communist agent’ in 1975; the Communist government considered him a ‘reactionary’ and have kept him in a re-education camp since 1976

Choe (real name Nguyen Hai Chi) was a leading political cartoonist in South Vietnam, whose work also appeared in Newsweek and the New York Times. He was arrested as a ‘Communist agent’ by the Thieu government during its last months in power. In April 1976, one year after the Vietnamese Communist take-over, Choe was arrested as a ‘reactionary and counter-revolutionary element’. He has since been held in a ‘re-education camp’ without charge or trial. In the following, Thuc-sinh (the pseudonym of a specialist in Vietnamese affairs) describes the circumstances of his arrests.

The Meo Hill Tribe Problem in North Thailand

Research Article| October 01 1973 The Meo Hill Tribe Problem in North Thailand Thomas A. Marks Thomas A. Marks Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1944) 13 (10): 929–944. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643003 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Thomas A. Marks; The Meo Hill Tribe Problem in North Thailand. Far Eastern Survey 17 May 1944; 13 (10): 929–944. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643003 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1973 Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

El "popuchik" español: Un episodio secreto en la vida de Ángel del Río, célebre catedrático cervantista, 1926-1927

Entre los líderes bolcheviques de las primeras décadas del régimen soviético, el término “popuchik”, el vocablo en ruso para “compañero de viaje” (o compañero de ruta), serviría para identificar a los simpatizantes burgueses del comunismo, aquellos a los que su trasfondo clasista impedía un compromiso ideológico genuino. Para la segunda mitad de los años treinta, muchos de los compañeros de viaje del bolchevismo, en su mayoría intelectuales y artistas occidentales de espíritu idealista, renunciarían a su pasado radical con el advenimiento del estalinismo. No obstante, su breve experiencia con el internacionalismo comunista y la red radical de la Internacional Comunista (Comintern) entre 1919 y 1943, dejaría una huella imperecedera en la cultura europea y americana del siglo pasado. Este artículo reseña un episodio desconocido en la vida del académico Ángel del Río, quien fuera secretamente “popuchik” del partido comunista español y el movimiento comunista internacional durante varios años de la década de 1920. En términos historiográficos, este trabajo no busca problematizar sobre los temas que aborda, al tratarse de una primicia histórica y un descubrimiento. El propósito del presente ensayo es dar a conocer los datos inéditos sobre la identidad secreta del célebre hispanista, recientemente recuperados gracias a las revelaciones del archivo personal de James N. Sager (alias Jaime Nevares), un organizador comunista en la región para la misma época. La información proviene de varias cartas personales en esta modesta colección de documentos, localizada en la División de Manuscritos y Archivos de la Biblioteca Pública de Nueva York. El ejemplo de del Río ofrece un interesante y poco estudiando ángulo del encuentro entre Rusia, España y las Américas, al insinuar una interacción transnacional que, aunque de forma autónoma posiblemente, no obstante uniría el mundo radical ibérico con el hispanoamericano, mucho antes de que la Guerra Civil española propiciara este reencuentro histórico. Bajo el alias de “Leandro Cabrera”, del Río actuaría como cofundador de la Liga Comunista de Puerto Rico, primer organismo comunista en la isla en 1926. Más allá del valor historiográfico del descubrimiento de la identidad clandestina de del Río, el artículo sugiere una nueva mirada a la contribución de Ángel del Río a los estudios hispánicos al proponer que, al igual que en el caso de otros compañeros de ruta del comunismo internacionalista, su breve experiencia política puede haber influido en su labor intelectual más tarde. De aquí que el trabajo puntualice también la importancia de una revisión de los propios escritos de este pionero de la crítica literaria cervantista, tomando en cuenta coordenadas ideológicas subliminales que pudieran haber marcado su óptica de manera insospechada. Al cumplirse el cuarto centenario de la muerte de Cervantes este año, un nuevo acercamiento analítico para los fundamentos originales del estudio de su obra podría contribuir un espacio novedoso de debate para este tema inmortal.

The Ugly Missionary

Much to the embarrassment of the State Department of the United States, The Ugly American by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick was among the ten best-selling books in the United States for a number of months. And even though there is no integrated plot it is a well-written book with a somewhat terrifying theme, the incredible cleverness of Communist agents in contrast with the bungling stupidity of American diplomatic personnel. For missionaries the reading of this book can be a highly instructive experience, for from the very first page missionaries can also see their own problems in jarring perspective. In this article Tida draws some of the parallels