Communication Performance Research Articles

4D-printed intelligent reflecting surface with improved beam resolution via both phase modulation and space modulation

Recently, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have emerged as potential candidates for overcoming the line-of-sight issue in 5 G/6 G wireless communication. These IRSs can manipulate the direction of reflected beams, enabling efficient beam steering to enhance the performance of wireless communication. Each unit cell (or unit structure) of an IRS commonly consists of electrical elements for phase modulation. However, by employing phase modulation alone, an IRS can steer the reflected electromagnetic waves toward only discrete and specific angles, leaving a wide range of out-of-beam areas. In this work, an IRS that uses both phase modulation and space modulation is presented to improve the beam resolution and continuously cover out-of-beam areas that phase modulation alone cannot address. A positive-intrinsic-negative diode is mounted on a unit cell for phase modulation, and a 4D-printed reconfigured structure is fabricated to demonstrate space modulation. The beam-steering function is achieved by alternating the states of the diodes in the same columns, while the beam resolution is improved by controlling the gaps between the columns. The functions are first theoretically and numerically analyzed and then experimentally verified, demonstrating that additional angles of −46°/+50°, −22°/+14°, and −16°/+12° are achieved with space modulation and −60°/+62°, −30°/+22°, and ±16° are achieved by phase modulation alone. The proposed IRS offers the possibility of functional integration in a variety of indoor applications within the wireless communication field.

The Role of Communication and Work Environment on Employee Performance (Case Study: Boeing/Ethiopian Airlines 2019)

As social creatures, humans need good communication when interacting with others. As is the case in the work environment, the existence of good communication between employees enables them to carry out their duties following their respective procedures to achieve the goals set by the agency or work organization. This research uses the literature study method. A literature study is a collection of previous research results in the form of books, articles, scientific journals, research reports, and other sources relevant to the topic of discussion which are then compared theoretically. The Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 incident highlighted several issues related to Boeing employee communication, work environment, and employee performance. Based on the case study discussed, this incident shows that to improve aviation safety, more attention needs to be paid to communication, work environment, and employee training in the aviation industry to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future.

Unsettling performance (studies) in communication

ABSTRACT I turn to collage to document my experience of doing performance studies work in communication studies, broadly, and TPQ, specifically. I weave between performative writing, documents, personal narrative, and text to unsettle the place of performance. I emphasize (a) the enduring legacy of coloniality and white supremacy of performance studies and (b) how performance studies work has become unrecognizable to the discipline outside of those who engage with TPQ. I argue performance studies in communication has imagined itself in such a way that the work often becomes unrecognizable to others in communication and interdisciplinary performance studies. Time for something otherwise.

Eagle Syndrome: The Huge Socioprofessional Impact of a Minor Lengthening of the Styloid Process

agle Syndrome (ES) is a rare clinical condition presenting with anterolateral neck pain and potential serious complications. This case report details a head nurse in the emergency room (ER) with a severe throbbing headache, trismus, left-sided dysphagia, left otalgia, gum pain, and a very intense left-sided headache, associated with ipsilateral facial hypoesthesia. The patient met the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria for headaches attributed to inflammation of the stylohyoid ligament, establishing the diagnosis of Eagle syndrome. Chronic headaches associated with ES, as observed in this case, can impact concentration, comprehension, communication, and work performance, leading to economic loss. This prompts the question: Are individuals with ES capable of working under intense physical and psychological conditions? The paper proposes a management strategy for ES patients, emphasizing the need for further research on the impact of ES on occupational fitness, as no published studies currently address this concern.

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Automated Large-Scale Testing: A Software Architecture for Combined Scenarios

As the commercialisation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) accelerates, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)-based general testing and assessment systems have emerged at the forefront of the research. Current field testing schemes mostly follow the norms of traditional vehicle tests. In contrast, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have increasingly focused on the potential influence of V2X communication performance on the application response characteristics. Our previous work resulted in a C-V2X (Cellular-V2X) large-scale testing system (LSTS) for communication performance testing. However, when addressing the need to combine application and communication, the system software faces confronts heightened technical challenges. This paper proposes a layered software architecture for the automated C-V2X LSTS, which is tailored to combined scenarios. This architecture integrates scenario encapsulation technology with a large-scale node array deployment strategy, enabling communication and application testing under diversified scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate the scalability of the system, and a case study of Forward Collision Warning (FCW) validates the effectiveness and reliability of the system.

Performance Evaluation of mmWave Communication for Real-Time UAV-Base Station Links

Introduction: In the context of modern communication networks, the increasing demand for high data rates, minimal latency, and improved reliability—especially in scenarios involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)—calls for innovative solutions. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication emerges as a fitting choice due to its capacity to offer ample bandwidth and high data rates. Methods: This research paper presents a comprehensive study that compares the performance of mmWave communication links across four different frequencies (6, 28, 60, and 120 GHz) for UAV-to-Base Station (BS) communication. The investigation, conducted through simulations, adheres to atmospheric conditions such as rain and fog, different environments (urban and rural) scenarios. It evaluates the suitability of mmWave frequencies using critical performance metrics: latency, received power, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). These metrics play a fundamental role in assessing communication link quality. Results: Our findings reveal that leveraging higher mmWave frequencies—specifically 60 and 120 GHz—significantly enhances UAV-to-BS communication performance. Compared to lower frequencies, these higher bands exhibit reduced latency, higher data rates, and improved throughput. Consequently, mmWave frequencies beyond 60 GHz prove well-suited for UAV communication, facilitating efficient data exchange with minimal delay. Conclusion: Furthermore, the potential for reduced interference and enhanced reliability at these elevated frequencies makes them particularly advantageous in applications requiring seamless connectivity. Examples include UAV-assisted emergency response, surveillance, and remote sensing. These insights hold substantial implications for the design and deployment of UAV communication systems, highlighting mmWave technology’s transformative potential in the emerging era of aerial communication.

The Communication Performance Analysis of the In Room Dining Division at Hotel “A” as the Basis for the Formation of Organizational Culture

Communication performance and organizational culture are closely related, in the process an individual's communication performance reflects their organization's culture. Every company has its organizational culture, including Hotel “A," which is one of the 5-star international hotels in Jakarta, also experiencing issues with its organizational culture. This study employs descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The method used in this research is interview with employees from the in-room dining division at Hotel “A”, that is a 2 active members of the organization. The research findings reveal problems in the communication performance at Hotel “A”. For instance, in terms of ritual performance, there is a company culture of working overtime. Additionally, in terms of passion performance, the abundance of job tasks in the in-room dining division diminishes the manager's focus, especially for unexperienced leader in a similar divisions. Social performance shows the existence of factions within the organization but with no significant impact on operations. Political performance manifests as a sense of superiority over certain groups (seniority). Lastly, enculturation performance indicates differences in training between staff levels and daily workers, creating clearer disparities. All of these issues stem from the inadequate communication performance in the in-room dining division at Hotel “A”. If left unaddressed, they may lead to demotivation, a decline in work ethic, and feelings of saturation among employees, ultimately impacting the formation of the company's culture. The researcher suggests that management and Human Resources collaborate to address these issues, fostering open communication and welcoming input to establish positive organizational culture.

An Analytical Study of Administrative Communication Means Related to Organizational Performance Quality among Secondary School Principals in Al-Karkh, Baghdad

Community understanding requires the exchange of understanding and understanding on the subject of reaching the goal, and this requires both parties of communication who achieve a common understanding, especially in administrative work, which is an essential function in creating a common understanding among workers in programming the work to be implemented. Therefore, the study aimed to study the reality of administrative communications related to the quality of institutional performance. Administrators of some faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences have chosen, and in order to do this, the descriptive approach was chosen using a survey method as a way to solve the problem and the use of a random sample of secondary school principals in Baghdad Al-Karkh, numbering (532) principals, in addition to the use of several methods and tests that contributed to the implementation of the research procedures, including the use of scale. The quality of institutional performance and means of communication. After conducting statistical treatments and analyzing and discussing the results, several conclusions were reached, including that there is a deficiency in institutional performance, especially in the field of available relationships and human capital. As for the recommendations, the most important of them was to conduct a review in the use of communications related to the technological aspect of implementing community service.

Organizational Communication Patterns in The Management of Mental Development of Kodam II Sriwijaya in The Digital Era

Mental coaching is one of the methods to shape the mentality of Army soldiers to always act based on high morals, enthusiasm, and awareness, with the aim of forming commendable and responsible morals in living life. This research aims to analyze the pattern of organizational communication in the management of mental development of soldiers through planning, organization, implementation, and supervision, as well as what media are used in each process in Kodam II Sriwijaya. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews and documentation, while data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. This research also uses source triangulation to validate the data. The results showed that in the Planning and Organizing stages, the Wheel Pattern and Chain Pattern communication patterns were used, where the leader was central in determining work plans, instructions, reports, and organizational structures. At the Implementation stage, the patterns used are Wheel Pattern and All Channel Pattern, with new communication media such as WhatsApp as the main tool. At the Monitoring stage, the Wheel Pattern remains dominant, where the leader acts as the center of evaluation in receiving and sending messages. The implication of this research is the important role of structured communication and the use of new media in the management of soldiers' mental development, which can improve the effectiveness of organizational communication and soldiers' performance.

Non-Periodic Quantized Model Predictive Control Method for Underwater Dynamic Docking

This study proposed an event-triggered quantized model predictive control (ETQMPC) method for the dynamic docking of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and human-occupied vehicles (HOVs). The proposed strategy employed a non-periodic control approach that initiated the non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) optimization and state sampling based on tracking errors and deviations from the predicted optimal state, thereby enhancing computing performance and system efficiency without compromising the control quality. To further conserve communication resources and improve information transfer efficiency, a quantitative feedback mechanism was employed for sampling and state quantification. The simulation experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating excellent docking trajectory tracking performance, robustness against bounded current interference, and significant reductions in computational and communication burdens. The experimental results demonstrated that the method outperformed in the docking trajectory tracking control performance significantly improved the computational and communication performance, and comprehensively improved the system efficiency.

RSSI prediction and optimization of transmission power for improved LoRa communications performance

RSSI prediction and optimization of transmission power for improved LoRa communications performance

Measuring the peak performance of a 6G THz communication testbed

Measuring the peak performance of a 6G THz communication testbed

Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications

This study presents a revolutionary tri-band combined microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate with dimensions of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm³. This integration increased the isolation from 18 dB to 27 dB in the MW band and 28 dB–40 dB in the MMW band. The effective bandwidths for the MW and MMW bands were initially 3.3–3.7 GHz, 5.45–9.2 GHz, and 24–28 GHz, respectively. The MTM increased these bandwidths to 2.6–4.1 GHz, 5.3–11.3 GHz for the MW band, and 22.5–29.3 GHz for the MMW band. In addition, the realized gain increased significantly, from 1.5 dBi, 3.5 dBi, and 6.5 dBi to 4.5 dBi, 6.1 dBi, and 11 dBi at 3.5 GHz, 6.9 GHz, and 28 GHz. The antenna's overall efficiency increased by 10–12 % across all operational bandwidths. The suggested antenna has excellent diversity performance, with an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0002, a diversity gain greater than 9.998, and a channel capacity loss of less than 0.12 bits/s/Hz. The proposed antenna addresses the increasing demand for IoT devices by efficiently supporting both MW and MMW frequency bands, offering high performance in wireless communication and modern infrastructures. The proposed design not only improves connectivity and efficiency in IoT devices but also supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by contributing to the development of smart city infrastructure (SDG 11) and fostering innovation and sustainable industrial practices (SDG 9), thereby promoting sustainable development and industrial innovation.

The Role of Workplace Communication on Employees’ Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO)

Effective workplace communication is pivotal in enhancing employee performance, particularly in today's global business environment characterized by diversity and remote work dynamics. This study aimed to examine the role of workplace communication on employee performance within Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), focusing on how communication influences job correctness, decision-making, planning, and overall employee productivity. The study utilized a descriptive research design to collect data. A total of 36 participants were sampled using simple random. Data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for quantitative data insights. The findings indicate a significant correlation between effective communication and enhanced employee performance. Specifically, open communication with supervisors was strongly linked to increased job correctness and performance (mean = 4.81). Communication was also found to facilitate decision-making and planning (mean = 3.53), and there was a recognized relationship between effective communication and overall employee performance (mean = 3.97). However, the traditional top-down communication approach was noted, with a mean score of 3.65, suggesting areas for improvement in adopting more inclusive communication practices. The study confirms the critical role of effective workplace communication in enhancing employee performance at TANESCO. Open and transparent communication, particularly with supervisors, significantly contributes to job accuracy and employee productivity. The study recommends that TANESCO implements structured programs to foster open dialogue, develops comprehensive communication strategies that balance hierarchical and inclusive approaches, and invests in regular training and assessment of communication practices. Additionally, adopting an 'open door' policy and engaging in active listening are suggested to enhance the communication framework within the organization.

Construction and analysis of the EMC evaluation model for vehicular communication systems

With the development of wireless communication technologies, vehicle-mounted wireless communication systems are changing with each passing day, and their EMC has become the key to constraining vehicles to adapt to complex electromagnetic environments. Aiming at the limitations of existing EMC evaluation methods or models for wireless communication systems and the actual needs of EMC evaluation and analysis for vehicular communication systems, a five-level novel evaluation model including working environment, signal spectrum, receiver sensitivity, antenna isolation and communication performance is constructed considering the completeness and accuracy of EMC evaluation for vehicular communication systems. The performance of the constructed model is validated using the vehicular communication system of an armored vehicle as an example. The model can evaluate whether there is interference between the working environment and the signal spectrum of the vehicle-mounted radio station. error in the reduction of the receiver sensitivity between calculation and measurement is 5.8%. The calculated isolation of the vehicle-mounted antenna is in good agreement with the measurements. The modulation mode and coding mode of the vehicle-mounted digital communication system with better performance are simulated and analyzed. When the receiver sensitivity is reduced by 6 dB, the vehicle communication distance is reduced by 50%. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed model is suitable for the evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility of vehicular communication systems for armored vehicles.

Performance Analysis of a Color-Code-Based Optical Camera Communication System

In this study, we present a visible light communication (VLC) system that analyzes the performance of an optical camera communication (OCC) system, utilizing a mobile phone camera as the receiver and a computer monitor as the transmitter. By creating color channels in the form of a 4 × 4 matrix within a frame, we determine the parameters that affect the successful transmission of data packets. Factors such as the brightness or darkness of the test room, the light color of the lamp in the illuminated environment, the effects of daylight when the monitor is positioned in front of a window, and issues related to dead pixels and light bleed originating from the monitor’s production process have been considered to ensure accurate data transmission. In this context, we utilized the PyCharm, Pydroid, Python, Tkinter, and OpenCV platforms for programming the transmitter and receiver units. Through the application of image processing techniques, we mitigated the effects of daylight on communication performance, thereby proposing a superior system compared to standard VLC systems that incorporate photodiodes. Additionally, considering objectives such as the maximum number of channels and the maximum distance, we regulated the sizes of the channels, the distances between the channels, and the number of channels. The NumPy library, compatible with Python–Tkinter, was employed to determine the color levels and dimensions of the channels. We investigate the effects of RGB and HSV color spaces on the data transmission rate and communication distance. Furthermore, the impact of the distance between color channels on color detection performance is discussed in detail.

N-qubit universal quantum logic with a photonic qudit and O(N) linear optics elements

High-dimensional quantum units of information, or qudits, can carry more than one quantum bit of information in a single degree of freedom and can, therefore, be used to boost the performance of quantum communication and quantum computation protocols. A photon in a superposition of 2N time bins—a time-bin qudit—contains as much information as N qubits. Here, we show that N-qubit states encoded in a single time-bin qudit can be arbitrarily and deterministically generated, manipulated, and measured using a number of linear optics elements that scale linearly with N, as opposed to prior proposals of single-qudit implementation of N-qubit logic, which typically requires O(2N) elements. The simple and cost-effective implementation we propose can be used as a small-scale quantum processor. We then demonstrate a path toward scalability by interfacing distinct qudit processors to a matter qubit (atom or quantum dot spin) in an optical resonator. Such a cavity quantum electrodynamics system allows for more advanced functionalities, such as single-qubit nondemolition measurement and two-qubit gates between distinct qudits. It could also enable quantum interfaces with other matter quantum nodes in the context of quantum networks and distributed quantum computing.

WiCAM2.0: Imperceptible and Targeted Attack on Deep Learning based WiFi Sensing

With the widespread adoption of deep learning models in wireless sensing, substantial efforts have been made to develop sophisticated models that improve the accuracy and performance of sensing applications. However, the exploration of potential vulnerabilities in deep models has been limited, with existing studies primarily focusing on evaluating wireless adversarial performance in communication or sensing alone. Moreover, there is a lack of a comprehensive definition for attack imperceptibility. In this paper, we come up with a definition of the wireless attack imperceptibility for both communication and sensing. Our objective is to create an adversarial perturbation capable of degrading WiFi sensing performance while preserving WiFi communication integrity. To achieve this, we propose WiCAM2.0 to reveal the temporal and spatial attention of a DNN, capturing the crucial portions of its input. Then we design a mask to confine adversarial perturbations in the attended parts only, minimizing the impact on WiFi communication. WiCAM2.0 is a general adversarial framework that integrates adversarial methods like FGSM and PGD to generate perturbations, capable of initiating both non-targeted and targeted attacks. We carry out experiments on three popular WiFi sensing applications, including human activity recognition, gesture recognition, and user identification. Extensive experiments are conducted on both public datasets and self-collected datasets.

Vision Communication and Firm Quality Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Involvement and the Moderating Effect of Leader Support.

Vision communication (VC) is an important way for leaders to express their ideas about a blueprint of the future to convince employees that their work is valuable and meaningful in total quality management. This research studies the influence of vision communication (VC) on quality performance (QP) through the mediation of total employee involvement (EI) and the moderation of leader support (LS). With the use of Smartpls 3.0, the collected data based on 2996 samples in Shanghai were used to analyze the various constructs. The results show that both VC and EI affect QP and should be influenced by LS. EI was found to partially mediate the relationship between VC and QP. The results also demonstrate that EI can positively affect improvement in QP via stronger LS and that high-level employee involvement is positively associated with quality performance when leader support is high (vs. low). This research can be inferred as one of the very limited empirical analyses that explored the mediating impact of EI on VC and QP. In the quality management (QM) field, the exploration of the moderating effect of LS on the mediation of the EI between VC and QP can be viewed to be a significant theoretical finding. The findings will be instrumental in assisting managers and administrators in understanding the significance of vision communication and leader support in quality management practice.

Sound of natural and artificial rain impact on ETFE membranes

Thin membranes are known to produce a drum-like effect when subjected to rainfall. Rain noise affects acoustic comfort and might disrupt communication, speech intelligibility and cognitive task performance. Therefore, assessment of the characteristics of noise produced by impact of rain on membranes in different architectural settings is important. Given inherent disparities between natural and artificial precipitation-primarily in terms of droplet size distribution and terminal velocities-underscores the importance of conducting evaluations using natural rain noise. The focus of this study is on the comparative assessment of the sound generated by natural rainfall versus the sound generated by the impact of individual droplet in a semi-anechoic room on single Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) membranes. The study assesses the extent of spectral variations of the rain sound produced in both approaches and the corresponding absolute value of noise intensity.