Communication Norms Research Articles

The nature of peer sexual health communication among college students enrolled in a human sexuality course

Most young people go to their friends for information on sexuality-related topics, thus it is important to understand the context of these communications so that we may gather insight into sexual values and the underlying emotions and styles of communication. We conducted qualitative weekly surveys regarding discussion of sexual health topics among peers with students enrolled in an undergraduate human sexuality course. A four-stage inductive analysis process was utilized to examine a total number of 824 survey submissions from 102 college students who agreed to participate. Seven relevant common themes emerged: safer sex, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, feelings about sex, sexual acts, peer support, and peer communication norms. Some perspectives varied between males and females. Life events create opportunities for peers to discuss sexual health with each other. The connection between life events and peer sexual health communication has numerous implications for both research and education.

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN CHILDHOOD STAGE: A REVIEW

This paper reviews the language acquisition theory in childhood stages. Five models of baby’s language development including pre-linguistic, holophrastic, telegraphic, simple sentence, and compound sentence are central of discussion. In the early stage, characteristics of language development and language learning in the kindergarten level are discussed integratedly. In the area of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Krashen Theory in Natural Approach is prevalent, prevailing frontier concepts in children language development. In the social context, language view that has closed relationship to culture is included. This way, norm, etiquette, values, and other aspects of communication are valuable to teaching children in the early stage. 

Массовая речевая культура в аспекте медиатизации социальных коммуникаций

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the study of mass speech culture as demonstration of a broad trend to social communications mediatization. Mass speech culture is considered to be the standards of verbal communication used by a number of people regardless of their status and social role in public communication and in everyday life. The author defines mass culture of Russian speech as elements of discursive practices accepted as a social standard by the majority of Russian speakers. One the one hand, mass speech culture mediatization manifests itself by the fact that patterns of verbal behavior and linguistic innovations are actively communicated and replicated in the mass media and social networks. On the other hand, modern media themselves extensively collaborate with socio-cultural practices and form the background for communication and language norms change. Results. The research is aimed at three types of mass speech culture manifestation that have cause-and-effect relationship with mediatization procedures. They are mass interpretation of the speech standard, subject-matter presuppositions / restrictions and a fast-paced spread of speech innovations. Essential features of mass speech culture are concluded with reference to the survey conducted among philologists and the representative selection of “Medialogy” database. Mass speech culture is characterized by vague conception of the speech standard, extension of topics admitted in public communication, virus spread of innovations and reduced introspection towards them. It can be viewed as modern media practices influence as well as their forming factors. Conclusion. Mediatization concept implementation for reasoning the interconnections between mass media development and mass speech culture changes within the interdisciplinary framework can be regarded as the research prospect by the author.

“Do I feel threatened? No… I’m learning!”—Affective and relational dynamics in science professional development

AbstractThis paper focuses on interactions in a science professional development (PD) course in which participating teachers engaged in doing science. Whereas the PD design of this course aligned with research on effective PD practices, we found that these practices did not sufficiently account for the affective and relational dynamics that unfolded in the PD interactions. In this paper we explore how critical discourse analysis (CDA) can be used both to theorize and analyze the affective and relational work happening in PD, through the critical lenses of power and positioning. Our analysis surfaces tensions between participants and facilitators, as well as among participants, which often related to their notions of disciplinary expertise. More important, our analysis shows that attunement to affective and relational dynamics, including explicit attention to communication norms, is essential for engendering productive learning opportunities within PD spaces. We discuss the implications of this study for teacher educators and PD facilitators, and we end with directions for future research on affective and relational dynamics in teacher learning.

ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНАЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИИ ИСКУССТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОСТИ

The article attempts to show how the post-non-classical transformation of the disciplinary areas of scientific knowledge has changed the institutional image of the artistic and cognitive sphere of modern culture. For this purpose, the work identifies the specific parameters of the disciplinary identification of epistemology of art within the framework of such symbolic post-non-classical cultural phenomena as Science art, as well as research in the field of social and cultural neuroscience. The paper substantiates the status of epistemology of art as an essential and full-fledged component of the professional community of epistemologists and philosophers of science, carrying out the fundamental revision of the social and communicative norms of the entire body of disciplinary communities, which is conditioned by the principle of the fundamental responsibility of philosophy in the situation of crucial transformations in modern culture.

Science, truth and dictatorship: Wishful thinking or wishful speaking?

This paper argues for a novel way of addressing questions about the relationship between politics and science: in terms of norms of communication, rather than norms of cognition. The first half of the paper motivates this general shift through close study of the concept of "wishful speaking"; arguing that this vice - rather than the more familiar "wishful thinking" - better captures real-life cases, such as the Lysenko affair. The second half builds on the ethics of communication to develop an account of the proper role of non-epistemic values in justification in terms of "value-aptness".

MORAL SEARCH IN MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Purpose of the work is to identify and justify the moral priorities in multicultural communication. Theoretical basis is the works of foreign and Ukrainian authors, revealing the main approaches to the problem of multiculturalism; studies on ethics and philosophical anthropology that define the problem field in the anthropo-logy of morality. The work uses: the conceptual provisions of phenomenology – for the disclosure of the semantic uncertainty of human existence as a prerequisite of moral search; existential philosophy – to substantiate the essential relationship of a man and culture. Originality of the results obtained consists of 1) understanding multiculturalism as a "dialogue of people" (V. Mezhuev), in which the moral search of every person is actualized; 2) in justifying the demand for inter-individual communication of "negative" ethics (A. Guseynov): its requirement not to commit immoral acts stimulates a person to moral search, reveals the specifics of the existence of a "person navigator" (S. Smirnov); 3) in the definition of intercultural communication as the creation of opportunities for the search for tolerant (non-conflict) forms of existence. Conclusions: 1) multiculturalism is a contradictory phenomenon, producing conflicts and creating prerequisites for overcoming them; 2) the possibilities of non-conflict existence in a situation of multiculturalism arise in inter-individual communication, which is a situation of moral search for every person; 3) "ethics of opportunities" unites universal and situational moral norms in multicultural communication: people enable each other to remain people; 4) "ethics of opportunities" creates conditions for tolerant (non-conflict) interaction between people and cultures.

"Do You Know What I Know?": How Communication Norms and Recipient Design Shape the Content and Effectiveness of Patient Handoffs.

Poor communication during end-of-shift transfers of care (handoffs) is associated with safety risks and patient harm. Despite the common perception that handoffs are largely a one-way transfer of information, researchers have documented that they are complex interactions, guided by implicit social norms and mental frameworks. We investigated communication strategies that resident physicians report deploying to tailor information during face-to-face handoffs that are often based on their implicit inferences about the perceived information needs and potential harm to patients. We interviewed 35 residents in Medicine and Surgery wards at three VA Medical Centers (VAMCs). We conducted qualitative interviews using audio-recorded semi-structured cognitive task interviews. The effectiveness of handoff communication depends upon three factors: receiver characteristics, type of shift, and patient's condition and perceived acuity. Receiver characteristics, including subjective perceptions about an incoming resident's training or ability levels and their assumed preferences for information (e.g., detailed/comprehensive vs. minimal/"big picture"), influenced content shared during handoffs. Residents handing off to the night team provided more information about patients' medical histories and care plans than residents handing off to the day team, and higher patient acuity merited more detailed information and the medical service(s) involved dictated the types of information conveyed. We found that handoff communication involves a complex combination of socio-technical information where residents balance relational factors against content and risk. It is not a mechanistic process of merely transferring clinical data but rather is based on learned habits of communication that are context-sensitive and variable, what we refer to as "recipient design." Interventions should focus on raising awareness of times when information is omitted, customized, or expanded based on implicit judgments, the emerging threats such judgments pose to patient care and quality, and the competencies needed to be more explicit in handoff interactions.

Formation of Communication Facilities in the Media

The article concerns the factors of the formation of communicative attitudes, linguistic security, and speech aggression in the media. Studying the language characteristics of modern society, the authors analyze regressive phenomena in the information and communication environment. The influence of journalistic texts on the worldview of readers of the modern press is manifested in the changing information background. Of particular interest is the influence of connotations on the media text and on postindustrial society in general. Considering the communicative process in the media taking into account the linguistic traditions, the connection of generations, ethnic unity, the authors identify specific ways of communication that evolve under the influence of a changing information environment. The relevance of the study consists in revealing the forms of manifestation of speech aggression in the texts of print media. Given that the perception of media text takes into account background information, it is assumed that negative communication patterns are being formed in the society, with special focus on the examples containing a violation of communicative and ethical norms. The practical importance of the study of the formation of communicative attitudes in the media is connected with the careful study of journalistic materials and the definition of the quality characteristics of means of influence on the audience of the media.

Do we still adhere to the norms of ancient Egypt? A comparison of Ptahhotep’s communication ethics with current regulatory principles

Values and norms for communication expressed in the ancient Egyptian treatise, The Teachings of Ptahhotep, are compared to current regulatory communication standards, especially the IFJ Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists, and to liberal and socialist ideologies. Ptahhotep argued in favour of basic equalities, respect, and the free flow of information and opinions, particularly for political speech, much like social democracy and political liberalism do. He also set limits regarding freedom of communication similarly: for hate speech, incitement to violence, defamation, invasion of privacy and concentration of ownership. The close parallels between the principles of communication ethics in ancient Egypt and today are partly explained with a look at similarly restructuring powers of innovative phonographic media (writing) then and prographic (electronic programming) media now, and partly with (indirect) influence. The article also asks whether the concept of ‘Western civilization’ should continue to exclude ancient Egypt.

The cultural code of antifeminist communication: Voicing opposition to the ‘Feminist Zeitgeist’

The paper investigates the mechanisms of antifeminist communication norms, both on a theoretical and empirical level. Applying the concept of ‘cultural codes’ to the study of antifeminism we argue that statements denouncing feminism are often used as a signal to communicate a more general authoritarian worldview and an opposition towards ‘political correctness’. In the empirical part we present a factorial survey design applied to a German sample. This design is used to experimentally vary four situational characteristics which hypothetically influence whether individuals comply with antifeminist communication norms: (a) the gender of the speaker, (b) the topic of the conversation, (c) the personal attributes of the mentioned ‘feminist’, and (d) the type of sexism (benevolent vs hostile) articulated. The study shows that compliance with antifeminist communication norms increases if respective statements are voiced by women instead of men, especially if respondents report higher social status. Antifeminist norm compliance is also higher if men instead of women mention sexual harassment accusations of feminists. For left respondents, compliance increases if benevolent instead of hostile sexism is articulated. Intersituational person-related factors of antifeminist communication which we observed are: authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and distrust in public and political institutions.

COMMUNICATIVE PARADIGM OF MASTERING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to provide theoretical substantiation and development of a model for teaching students of Ukrainian higher education institutions in other language communicative negotiation skills. The methodology involves the comprehensive use of general-scientific philosophical and cultural approaches to the realization of the purpose of scientific intelligence and a set of methods of linguistics, pedagogy and cultural studies. This research is performed in the framework of the integration approach to the communication process, from which the success of communication is largely determined by the awareness of the linguistic, cultural and communicative-communicative features of communicants that are manifested in strategies (methods) for achieving practical goals. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in considering the formation of professional communication skills in a foreign language as a conglomerate of professional communication, the identification and description of linguistic, stylistic, sociocultural, communicative and behavioral characteristics of the negotiations, as well as the further development of a phased model for students of non-philological specialties, to carry out an effective process of intercultural communication. Conclusions. Mastering intercultural, professionally meaningful communication involves the learning of professional concepts, socio-cultural values and communicative norms of the foreign cultural community as intercultural interaction, and, first of all, in international negotiations, the role of awareness of their own culture and cultural specificity of the partner, as well as the degree of readiness adequately, from the standpoint of ethnic-liberalism, perceive the professional culture of another community. The main components of the content of learning the skills of constructing a communicative process in a foreign language are: structural organization of communication; meta-communication tools, secured at each stage of communication; strategies and tactics of the communication process at each stage of its implementation; communicative acts, most typical for the negotiation process; style of communication, taking into account non-cultural specifics for the preparation and successful implementation of a communicative act.

Spewing nonsense [or not]: communication competence and socialization in optics and photonics workplaces

ABSTRACTThis study investigated how managers, entry-level employees, and hiring professionals in the optics and photonics industry socialize each other to enact the communication norms and expectations in their workplaces. A qualitative analysis of transcripts from interviews conducted with 33 employees at 15 companies produced five prevalent themes related to what optics and photonics employees consider competent communication (proactive questioning, efficient decision-making, familial-like humor, tactful translation, and fluent modality switching) and three socialization processes (presumed competence, informal mentoring, and structured training). These competencies and processes necessitate what we term cross-occupational communication: an interactive, iterative process involving communicative needs assessment, information exchange, and rhetorical/situational flexibility with groups distinct in background, training, and occupational role. It is difficult to create workplace-like experiences that truly capture the field-specific communication practices involved in organizational socialization within traditional classrooms; therefore, we argue for systematic and intentional communication in the disciplines instruction that considers cross-occupational communication needs in the workforce.

Sustaining and revitalizing traditional Indigenous ways of speaking: An ethnography-of-speaking approach

This article makes a case for greater attention to traditional ways of speaking in Indigenous language maintenance and revitalization initiatives. It contends that traditional Indigenous communicative practices are overshadowed in many language revitalization programs by Euro-Western language ideologies and communicative norms that pervade language instruction. Through examples of speech by Lakota people, this article shows how the ethnography of speaking can usefully illuminate traditional Indigenous ways of speaking. It is posited that this “ethnography-of-speaking turn” promises to stimulate approaches to language revitalization that are more consistent with sustaining and revitalizing Indigenous cultures.

Unpacking the Conundrum of Teams with Dynamic Boundaries

The purpose of this symposium is to explore recent advances in the study of teams with dynamic boundaries. We bring together both theoretical and empirical research that investigate dynamic teams, especially in the context of multiple team membership. To be specific, the papers highlight how cognitive (e.g., attention allocation), affective (e.g., team identification), and behavioral (e.g., communication norms) input from members help conceptualize teams and explain their collaborative outcomes. The symposium will contribute to the field by facilitating conversations among attendees and participants to better understand and manage teams with dynamic boundaries. What is a Team? (Mis)alignment of Team Conceptualizations Presenter: Melissa Valentine; Stanford U. Presenter: Lyndon Earl Garrett; Boston College An Attention-Based Model of Multiple Team Membership Presenter: Heejin Kim; U. of California, Irvine When and How Dynamic Team Membership Affects Team Effectiveness: The Role of Team Identification Prese...

Why cultural intelligence matters on global project teams

Research has established the relevance of cultural intelligence (CQ) for adapting to different cultural contexts and for directly affecting both performance and satisfaction. However, the boundary conditions of CQ have received less attention, in particular regarding global project teams (GPT). The purpose of this paper is to examine how CQ moderates a model of three indirect effects – role clarity, communication norms, and interpersonal trust – on GPT members' performance and satisfaction. Data were collected from 218 virtual GPT members working in a multi-national company that recently transitioned to global project teams for R&D. The results of a moderated-mediation analysis reveal that CQ-motivation – one's attention and energy toward cross-cultural encounters – significantly moderates GPT members' alignment of their communication norms and role clarity, thus indirectly impacting their project satisfaction and performance. We discuss how CQ-motivation can be influential in forming GPTs and in future research of the processual nature of its boundary conditions.

Emoji rhetoric: a social media influencer perspective

ABSTRACTSocial media require a marketing rhetoric that embraces emerging language use and shifting communication norms. Emojis have become quintessential elements of social media communication; yet, their role in supporting persuasion attempts has not been systematically analysed. Drawing on general rhetoric literature, this paper dissects, portrays and labels social media influencers’ persuasive attempts to initiate engagement through emojis. The focus on influencers is justified because of their dual roles as marketers and active social media users. 600 Weibo posts by the top 200 Weibo influencers were collected to develop a taxonomy of emoji-based verbal moves aimed at encouraging responses in followers. The resulting taxonomy demonstrates that emoji use by social media influencers is complex and strategic and serves multiple persuasive and communicative purposes.

Exploring the Validity of Behavior Coding

Behavior coding is used to detect issues in questionnaires by flagging interactions between survey respondents and interviewers when their interactions deviate from standardized interviewing. It has become a popular method for evaluating survey questionnaire quality and has been used mostly in Western countries, with little research being done in Asia. However, because of its dependence on overt behaviors observed during the coding, it was hypothesized that it might not be as effective in a country where different communicative norms are present. We conducted an experiment in Korea using two sets of survey questionnaires with embedded problematic questions in the experimental group to investigate the validity of behavior coding as reference to the control group. Using 200 audio recordings from a telephone survey, we investigated whether behavior-coded data were helpful in identifying embedded flaws. The results indicated behavior coding in Korean surveys may not be as effective as in Western countries.

The Anomie and Norm of Network Language Communication

Network language has enriched and promoted language development on the one hand. On the other hand, the randomness of network language has made itself have a lot of irregularities and imperfections. Due to the context of network communication and the characteristics of main users, there exists the anomie from the aspects of language rules and content in network language, such as grammar, vocabulary and pragmatics, which causes the communication barriers in different communicative communities and the negative impact on the young Internet users and the development of modern Chinese. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to strengthen the research on the anomie of the network language and put forward the countermeasures to normalize the network language.

Legal Discourse: Text Analysis and Translation Strategies

Abstract The article deals with basic requirements to the translation for specific purposes, namely legal translation. The problem posed here is defining object and theoretical basis of legal translation. The question of the necessity of information search as an integral part of translation strategy has been raised. Detailed analysis revealed that the requirements of professional translators include knowledge of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of both languages in legal sphere; deep understanding of the concepts employed by specialists in particular field and the specialist terms used to express these concepts and their relationships in the source and target languages. It is recommended that evaluation of the translation may be done on the following principles: communicative pragmatic norms of translation; equivalent norms of translation; absence of contextual, cultural, functional, lexico-grammatical mistakes.