Communication Techniques Research Articles

Energy minimization for IRS-and-UAV-assisted mobile edge computing

Intelligent reconfigurable surface (IRS) is an emerging technology for the enhancement of spectrum and energy efficiency. We propose a novel IRS-and-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-Assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) framework, where a MEC server installing on an UAV to facilitate task calculations by mobile users (MUs), and an IRS modulates channels between MUs and the UAV. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed for further improving system-wide spectral efficiency. There are needs for joint optimization of multiple parameters, e.g., the task partition parameters and the transmit power of all MUs, the reflection coefficient matrix of the IRS and the movement trajectory of the UAV, and such needs raises the challenge of minimizing the long-term total energy consumption of all MUs while satisfying required transmission rate and task completion delay. We divide optimization tasks into two sub-problems and propose specific solutions respectively, i.e., relevant decisions about the UAV and MUs to be solved by deep reinforcement learning (DRL); and the reflection coefficient matrix of the IRS to be solved by block coordinate descent (BCD). A series of experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed communication techniques and optimization algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that (1) NOMA-IRS technique achieves better energy efficacy compared to the cases where random IRS or no IRS is deployed and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technique with IRS. (2) our proposed deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-BCD algorithm outperforms other four benchmark algorithms in solving the complex and dynamic optimization problem.

Load shift keying communication techniques in implantable devices.

Inductive links represent a highly promising avenue for both powering and communicating medical implants. Yet they encounter challenges such as constrained communication distance and limited data rate. In Load Shift Keying (LSK), a switch in the secondary side of the inductive link can be placed in parallel with the load (Short-Circuit Technique - SCT), in series with the load (Open-Circuit Technique - OCT), or both (Dual Technique - DLT), to vary the impedance of the secondary. Hence, the impedance reflected to the primary side changes and is used to transmit information externally from the implant. Among these, DLT is a novel LSK technique proposed in this work, which becomes independent from the load on the implant side. This study compares these three methods, confronting measurements to simulations. The evaluation focused on variations in coil distance and load. The proposal is illustrated in the case of an implantable gastric stimulator, with specific constraints in secondary coil size and power requirements. The newly developed DLT consistently outshone SCT and OCT in extending the operational range of communication, registering a maximum modulation index of 0.797 and a bit error rate below 10- 7 at an operating distance of 95mm through the air. Its load-independent characteristic allowed DLT to surpass the performance of SCT and OCT, which were each advantageous under high and low loads, respectively. All these results are confirmed by a LTSpice simulation. Consequently, the communication techniques put forward in this work mark a significant progression in medical implant communications, enhancing coil-to-coil operational distance while adhering to a low carrier frequency.

Parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and associated factors among secondary public-school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study.

Effective communication between adolescents and their parents is crucial for reducing sexual health problems. This open dialogue can help address misconceptions, provide accurate information, and foster a supportive environment where adolescents feel comfortable seeking guidance and discussing sensitive issues related to their sexual health. In Ethiopia, with its diverse ethnic and cultural background, effective communication between parents and adolescents about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is crucial in reducing the likelihood of adolescents engaging in risky sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of such communications, there were no data showing the level of parent-adolescent communication (PAC) in secondary public schools in Gondar town. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues along with its influencing factors, among secondary students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. We employed an institution-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 424 students were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique, with a 100% response rate. We developed a structured questionnaire from the related literature to collect data from the participants of the study. The data were entered using EpiData version 4.6, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors. The proportion of adolescents who had communicated with their parents was 37.7% (95% CI: 34.65-44.76). In a multivariable analysis at a 95% confidence interval (CI), variables such as being female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.09-7.45), belonging to grades 11-12 (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.19-6.98), living with parents/caregivers (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.07-5.66), having a positive attitude toward sexual health (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.34-7.82), having poor knowledge about SRH issues (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-7.81), and having good knowledge about the puberty period (AOR=1.23; 95% CI:1.04-7.89) were statistically associated with parent-adolescent communication. This study found a low level of communication between parents and adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues. To address this challenge, it is crucial to implement evidence-based education on SRH topics, such as consent, healthy relationships, communication skills, STDs, contraception, and interpersonal dynamics. Enhancing parent-adolescent dialogue on SRH can be achieved by implementing peer education among senior students and training teachers in effective communication techniques. The study also recommended conducting qualitative research to explore the specific barriers affecting parent-adolescent communication.

Influence of Charismatic Leadership on Employee Engagement in South Korea

Purpose: To aim of the study was to examine the effect of leadership on organizational learning and knowledge management in India. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that charismatic leaders significantly enhance employee motivation and commitment by inspiring a shared vision and fostering a strong organizational culture. Employees under charismatic leadership exhibit higher levels of enthusiasm, dedication, and alignment with organizational goals, leading to increased productivity and job satisfaction. This leadership style promotes open communication and trust, empowering employees to take initiative and contribute more effectively to the organization. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, charismatic leadership theory & self-determination theory may be used to anchor future studies on Influence of Charismatic Leadership on Employee Engagement in South Korea. Organizations should invest in training programs that develop charismatic leadership skills among their managers. Training should focus on enhancing communication, vision articulation, and motivational techniques to foster a supportive and engaging work environment. Organizations should incorporate charismatic leadership principles into their human resource policies, including recruitment, performance evaluation, and career development.

Penghulu's Assistance in Providing Premarital Guidance to Realize a Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah (Samara) Family at KUA Tanjung Morawa

This assistance aims to analyze Penghulu's Islamic Communication Assistance Strategy in Providing Premarital Guidance to Create a Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah (Samara) Family in Kua Tanjung Morawa. The approach uses PAR (Participatory Action Research). The Islamic communication assistance strategy implemented by the headmen at KUA Tanjung Morawa in providing pre-marital guidance plays a very important role in creating a Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah (SAMARA) family. The approach used includes a deep understanding of Islamic values, effective communication techniques, as well as empathy and emotional support for prospective bride and groom couples. Through structured guidance and based on Islamic principles, the bride and groom are able to help prospective bride and groom couples understand the importance of commitment, mutual understanding and cooperation in building a harmonious family, so that the goal of achieving a sakinah, mawaddah and warahmah family can be realized more fully real.

Is video interpretation compromising care for the hearing loss population?

ObjectiveThe convergence of hearing impairment and language barriers presents unique communication challenges to patients and practicing otolaryngologists. Limited data exist comparing interpretation methods for patients with hearing loss. Patients with hearing loss rely on visual cues, lip-reading, written communication, and/or comprehensive interaction techniques, which may encounter limitations by remote services. Herein, we examine patient and otolaryngology provider satisfaction, cost, and encounter efficiency between virtual and in-person interpretation among adults who speak Mandarin and Cantonese. MethodsThis study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial in patients with moderate-to-severe bilateral hearing loss, Limited English Proficiency, and a primary language of Mandarin or Cantonese. Fifty-two patients were randomized to either in-person or virtual interpretation conditions. Patient satisfaction was measured using an 8-item Likert scale assessing communication effectiveness, encounter efficiency, and overall quality. Otolaryngology provider satisfaction was measured using a 1-item Likert scale. Encounter time, cost, and communication difficulty were measured and compared using independent sample t-tests. ResultsPatient and otolaryngology provider satisfaction scores were significantly higher with in-person interpretation (p < 0.05 for 7 of 8 patient items; physician mean score 4.9, p < 0.001, r = 0.54) compared to virtual interpretation (physician mean 3.8) conditions, while overall quality of the encounter remained the same. There was no significant difference in the length of encounters or in the number of times patients requested interpreter repetition between groups. A difference in average cost existed for in-person interpretation ($14.50) compared to video interpretation ($25) services for an average length appointment. ConclusionPatients and otolaryngologists reported higher overall satisfaction with in-person compared to virtual interpretation services. In-person interpretation yielded better comprehension in the hearing loss population among Mandarin and Cantonese-speaking patients and demonstrated a cost advantage over virtual interpretation.

Foresight of environmental communication literatures: bibliometric versus ChatGPT

PurposeEnvironmental communication has been a profession and a subject of study for decades. Communication currently revolves around the anthropogenic ecological catastrophe, which makes the field’s early self-description as a crisis discipline even more pertinent. How communication is used and perceived significantly impacts how human-caused climate disasters and other environmental and social problems develop and how solutions are offered. The phenomenon of technology has shown significant impacts on how people refer to environmental communication. While bibliometric analysis (BA) helps understand the trends, ChatGPT can generate information related to environmental communication. How are they different from each other? What are the limitations? This study aims to identify the trends and limitations of BA and ChatGPT that are associated with environmental communication.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach is used, which refers to BA using the Biblioshiny software (n = 867) and content analysis on ChatGPT 3.5. It uses a systematic technique for keyword search, namely, environmental and communication, from 2000 to 2022.FindingsThere has been a decrease in the scientific production of studies starting in 2021 and 2022, which is believed to be due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ChatGPT provides valuable information but is rather complimentary to BA. ChatGPT is unable to provide statistical information related to environmental communication among Scopus-indexed publications.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the literature published in Scopus from 2000 to 2022. The keyword is limited to “environmental” and “communication.” Besides, the choice of keywords made it specific to the studies involved in the BA, which may not include some other studies if the keywords are not listed.Originality/valueThe originality of the research focuses on the field of environmental communication, its evolution within previous literature and the comparison between BA and the use of ChatGPT for understanding trends and limitations within this field. The text touches upon various aspects, such as the historical context of environmental communication, the impact of technology, the trends in scientific production among Scopus journal papers and the limitations of using ChatGPT compared to BA.

Tinjauan Kedwibahasaan Buku Cerita Anak ‘The Foos’ dari Pandangan Metode Penerjemahan

Bilingual children's story books in Indonesian and English are now being published in Indonesia, providing them as reading options for mothers, caregivers, storytellers, and the children themselves. This study aims to analyze, identify, describe, and classify the forms of translation methods found in a bilingual children's storybook entitled 'The Foos' by Arleen Amidjaja, as well as to analyze the translation methods applied to determine the success in achieving equivalence of meaning in the target language (TL). This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a documentation method. Employing text analysis, careful reading, and note taking techniques for research constitutes the stages of data collection. Text analysis uses Newmark's translation method theory with data sources from English texts as the source language text (SL) and Indonesian as the TL from the storybook 'The Foos.' The results of the analysis are presented in the form of a comparison of the two languages ​​, along with the results of identifying SL and TL text translation techniques. The interpretation of the identification results is then presented in the form of a descriptive presentation by considering the translation techniques of the identification results. The results of this study indicate that 12 translation method data are oriented to the SL, and eight are oriented to the TL. The translation techniques that are often used are semantic and communicative translation techniques. There are no faithful, adaptation, or idiomatic translation techniques because the children's storybook 'The Foos' does not have proverbial sentences or other foreign language terms. The SL uses simple sentence structures and vocabulary. The translation method that is oriented to the SL with semantic and communicative translation techniques is effective for translating children's storybooks, ensuring that readers understand the content of the stories.

A didactic experience for educating the youngest generations about seismic risk using an escape room

Effective risk communication is crucial for enhancing societal resilience. It’s not just about scientific strategies; it’s also about ensuring that communities are informed and prepared. Educating local populations, especially younger generations, is key to improving disaster readiness. Notably, engaging younger generations assumes significance, given their role as both the future of society and conduits for educating their families. Serious Games, specifically Escape Rooms, present a compelling tool for engaging and interacting with young people. These games, designed not primarily for entertainment but for educational purposes, facilitate active participant involvement, thereby enhancing learning. In our didactic approach, comprising a frontal lesson and an Escape Room, we sought to leverage the appeal of Serious Games to educate young people. This approach was particularly timely during the COVID-19 pandemic, where virtual experiences gained positive evaluations despite the inherent challenges. Italy frequently faces large magnitude earthquakes. Yet many Italians, especially young people, have low seismic risk awareness, hindering preparedness efforts. To address this issue, the use of games and interactive experiences proves promising. By involving young people, seismic risk awareness can be effectively raised, fostering a culture of safety. Throughout the implementation of the Escape Room exercise dedicated to seismic risk, we conducted an evaluation phase both before and after the activities. The insights gained from this evaluation process provided valuable feedback on the learning experience and the effectiveness of the science communication technique. Notably, the virtual nature of the escape room experience was positively evaluated, demonstrating its adaptability during the pandemic. It is imperative to acknowledge that participants in these activities were aged between 15 and 18 years old, requiring ethical considerations in the design and execution of the educational intervention. The findings are highly promising, indicating that students viewed the protocol as beneficial for understanding fundamental concepts in seismology and enhancing their perception of risk. Moreover, the protocol positively influenced students’ interest in science and geophysics. Furthermore, an aspect that remains unexplored is the extent to which the knowledge acquired by the participants was disseminated within their families, representing a potential area for future investigation.

Persuasive Communication strategy of ustadz Ali Sati in increasing the enthusiasm for learning hadith knowledge of male students at the al Kautsar al akbar islamic boarding school in medan

Three factors contribute to male students' decreased interest in studying Hadith at Pesantren Al Kautsar Al Akbar: the first is the lack of inventiveness on the part of ustadz in promoting learning, the harsh sanctions that are applied, and the dull Pesantren curriculum. Among the Ustad that instruct in the Al Kautsar Al Akbar Islamic Boarding School in Medan is Ustad Ali Sati. Pondok Pesantren Al Kautsar Al Akbar was founded in 1985 and is situated at 264 Jalan Pelajar Timur in Medan, North Sumatra. In this study, a qualitative, descriptive strategy was employed. Techniques for gathering data include recordkeeping, interviewing, and observation. Based on the study's findings, the researcher spoke with Ustadz Ali Sati, who shared information about persuasive communication techniques to boost male students' interest in studying hadith science at Al Kautsar Al Akbar Islamic Boarding School in Medan. The researcher also obtained the information required by the researchers, and the study's findings can be backed up by written data. In this discussion, the researcher provides an overview based on the research findings. In the implementation of Ustadz Ali Sati's communication strategy in increasing the enthusiasm for learning hadith science for male students, he has three models which are able to make students enthusiastic about learning hadith science: Constructivism Model, Cognitive Model, Jigsaw Model.

Communication Strategies Used during a Crisis in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Naivasha Sub-County

Purpose: Since tourism is highly susceptible to shocks, and effects of crises in the industry can lead to several direct and indirect repercussions, appropriate communication techniques and strategies are needed to proactively overcome or prevent crises. However, in Kenya, assessment of the same is glaringly insufficient, hence, the need for the current study. The study objective was guided by a research question; What are the during-crisis communication strategies used in crises preparedness in the tourism and hospitality industry in Naivasha Sub-county? Methodology: The study was conducted among hotels in Naivasha Sub-County of Nakuru County of Kenya using a mixed research methodology. Using a sample of 362 employees through multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques, questionnaires were used to collect data among employees while 28 key informant interviews were used among the hotel managers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Findings: The study concluded that during crisis communication strategies featured issuance of accurate and consistent messages, giving precautions, dissemination of information on how to cope physically as well as information on prioritizing self-protection. The communication strategies during the crisis influenced the preparedness in small and insignificant amounts (sig. = .968). The results showed that communicating on precautions during a crisis was a special way and strategy to contain the effect of the crisis. The study found that more than half of the hotel staff 175(59.5%) agreed that their organizations give accurate and consistent messages on crisis preparedness. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the Cabinet secretary in the Ministry of Tourism develop policies that spell and guide crisis management plans that acknowledge effective crisis communication strategies in hotels in the country. For individual hotel operators and managers in Naivasha subcounty, provision of regular information on crisis, and having a crisis communication plan in the precrisis stage will educate and sensitize the employees of the possible risks and how to handle them. This study findings will inform academia and be a base for scholars in mass communication in carrying out further studies in communicative strategies used in crises preparedness. The study findings inform development and roll out of policies that guide crisis management plans in tourism and hotel industry.

Incorporating lived experience narratives into interdisciplinary environmental communication projects: A technique for better environmental communication

This paper describes how lived experience research, a qualitative research method based on phenomenology, can be modified and incorporated into interdisciplinary environmental risk communication projects. Lived experience methods can give insight into stakeholders’ needs and concerns, enabling development of better communication products and potentially helping overcome disciplinary barriers on project teams. We describe the purposes and methods of lived experience research, draw upon two cases from our own experiences to outline how methods can be adapted for the contexts of interdisciplinary research projects, and describe potential barriers to and opportunities for using this research method in team communication projects, including co-production of knowledge, internal research team acceptance, and making project products more responsive to user needs.

Unveiling robust security: Chaotic maps for frequency hopping implementation in FPGA

Frequency hopping is a main technique for wireless communication, avoiding interference and interception. This paper provides novel hardware design for frequency-hopping pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG).PRBG design by chaotic maps on FPGA.Two proposed methods in this work first combine chaotic maps in a cascade manner called fixed point cascade chaotic maps (FPCCM-FHSS), and second, the conjunction of chaotic maps done in an XORed manner called fixed point an XOR chaotic method (FPXORCM-FHSS).The results were the first eight NIST randomness tests.Frequency indicates that all p-values larger than 0.01 are needed to achieve better randomness,Second and third were die-hard tests, many distribution tests with significant p-values (p <0.01) that meet high standards of statistical randomness, making them suitable for channel security.Last were the FPGA results between the proposed methods for speed and hardware resources).The works implemented on XILINX ZC702 achieved 2 Gbps to meet the speed requirements of the change of the carrier frequency.

The Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behaviour

Abstract The use of communication techniques in marketing has become a fundamental component of effective marketing policy, representing an element of differentiation from the competition, which leads to obtaining, on the one hand, a competitive advantage, and on the other hand, to the consolidation of a long-term relationship with the consumer, ultimately determining their loyalty, with a notable effect on the financial outcomes of the organization. The selection of appropriate communication tools and channels, tailored to the interests of the targeted consumer segment requires a considerable effort on the part of marketers in the direction of deciphering consumer behaviour, understanding the influencing factors that shape it in the current economic and social climate, in which the use of digital technologies represents the most suitable means of initiating and conveying messages to consumers, as well as from consumers to the organization. The present study aims to emphasize the importance of using digital communication tools on the orientation of the purchase decision towards the products/services of an organization, without excluding, however, the need for an adequate use of traditional marketing communication tools. In the present article, the impact on consumer behaviour is analysed based on research from secondary data sources.

The Application of Graphology in Assessing Deaf People's Communication and Social Interaction Abilities

Graphology, the study of handwriting, has been used to interpret an individual's character and personality. This study examined the application of graphology in assessing the communication and social interaction abilities of deaf people. Deaf individuals face challenges in building social relationships and communicating with others because of their hearing impairment and reliance on nonverbal communication techniques such as sign language. Previous research has explored the potential of graphology in diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mental retardation as well as in revealing the psychological aspects of historical figures. However, few studies have investigated the application of graphology in assessing the counseling needs of deaf individuals. This study employed a qualitative approach to analyze the handwriting samples of deaf participants using graphological techniques. The findings revealed that intensifying and reducing signs in the handwriting of deaf individuals influenced their communication and social interaction abilities. This study highlights the potential of graphology as an alternative assessment tool for understanding the characteristics and conditions of deaf individuals, without relying on oral communication. These results contribute to the field of counseling by providing insights for assessors, such as psychologists and counselors, to develop appropriate interventions and approaches tailored to the unique needs of deaf individuals. Further research is recommended to explore the effectiveness of graphology-based interventions in enhancing communication and social interaction skills of deaf individuals.

Pragmatic Instructions in Oral Communication in Context

There is a need to revisit and recalibrate pragmatic instructions of English teachers in the Philippines to adequately communicate the competencies required of students. Consequently, the primary purpose of this research was to look into the pragmatic instructions utilized by senior high school English teachers and whether there was a difference in the use of their pragmatic instructions when grouped according to years of service and educational attainment in one leading private senior high school in Baguio City, Philippines. By employing a survey questionnaire and a series of classroom observations of all senior high school English teachers, the researcher found that they sometimes integrated at least one from instructional pragmatic approaches and at least one from interlanguage pragmatic awareness-raising techniques, interlanguage pragmatic communicative practice techniques, interlanguage pragmatic corrective feedback techniques, and culture teaching techniques in every lesson in their Oral Communication in Context classes. Meanwhile, there was a discrepancy between the perceptions of English teachers as expressed in the questionnaire and their performance in the classroom. Although there were generally no significant differences in the application of pragmatic instructions by English teachers when grouped according to years of service and educational attainment, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that they incorporate more approaches and more techniques as they amass more years in the English teaching profession as well as when they obtain more advanced degrees in the graduate school. Besides adding to the body of literature regarding pragmatic instructions, this research endeavor also puts forward recommendations for future study.

The Nurses' Role in Management Complaint

Background: As primary caregivers, nurses ensure patient safety and quality health services by effectively managing patient complaints. Proper handling of these complaints is crucial for providing effective treatment. Develop management and understanding of handling patient complaints efficiently by providing a systematic framework and identifying effective communication techniques to deal with patient complaints effectively. Methods: ProQuest, Ebsco, Science Direct, and Elsevier were the literature sources examined between 2013 and 2023. Results: Nursing managers should enhance nurses' communication skills to improve patient care and complaint management. Studies indicate that targeted training in communication significantly boosts nurses' effectiveness and patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Implementing training programs, regular assessments, and ongoing support will improve patient outcomes and more effective complaint handling.

Branderpreneurship Framing Analysis of MSME Brand "Daviena Skincare"

Few MSME skincare and cosmetics brands focus on developing brand value to build their business. Among them is Daviena Skincare in Indonesia. This article examines Daviena's entrepreneurship-based brand development strategy using the Branderpreneurship Framing Analysis (BFA) methodology approach. BFA systematically traces and details the value development strategy according to the elements in BrandCoVD (Branderpreneurship's Circle of Values Development), namely identifying, creating, delivering, communicating, maintaining, evaluating, and renewing values. The analysis shows that as a startup that cannot afford influencers and celebrities like other skincare brands, Daviena Skincare utilizes social media with self-demo techniques by the owner and models to convince consumers of the unique advantages of its products. This communication technique provides a domino effect for consumer users to express their experiences through organic testimonials. This study can inspire other MSME and startup brands to develop their brand value with limited resources.

Komunikasi Agribisnis Dinas Pertanian Dan Perkebunan Dengan Petani Dalam Pengembangan Kopi Robusta Di Kabupaten Kediri

Regarding the development of robusta coffee, the Kediri Regency Agriculture and Plantation Service (Dispertabun) has been in contact with farmers through Field Extension Officers (PPL). Finding out the model and techniques for agribusiness communication as well as the challenges encountered in implementing Dispertabun's agribusiness communication with farmers to develop robusta coffee in Kediri Regency are the goals to be accomplished. In addition to interactive model data analysis, this study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology (Miles and Huberman). The research findings led to the conclusion that the context of the message being communicated determined the choice of agribusiness communication model. The application of interpersonal (individual) and organizational (group) communication techniques depends on the message's content. It is possible to reduce potential communication obstacles in agriculture. The findings suggest that in order to minimize potential barriers to communication, the Kediri Regency Dispertabun through PPL should continue to maintain appropriate (relevant) communication models and methods. Additionally, keep up the good work in improving agribusiness communication with robusta coffee farmers in order to continue meeting new objectives and targets related to agribusiness communication.

Expectation of the Communication Mechanism and its Gap in Public Administration: Approaches to Communication between Local Government and Public

Background: The gap in public administration is exacerbated by ineffective communication, limiting accessibility, and hindering underrepresented groups. Conventional methods like press releases and meetings may not always effectively involve the public. Innovative participatory communication techniques can improve governance quality, strengthen constituent ties, and increase openness. This study examines local government communication methods with the public, revealing expectations for transparency, openness, and participation, identifying communication gaps, and exploring effective strategies for public-government communication. Methods: The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, involving 315 citizens, plus 6 staff, elected members, and local intellectuals in Ward No. 10 of Budhanilkantha municipality, using surveys and interviews. Results: While digital technology usage is moderate to high, fulfillment of public expectations for local government communication mechanisms was negative, with over 60% rating them negatively and 77.4% believing they were political. A majority of respondents (76.2%) received information from local governments or ward offices through social media, followed by man-to-man communication (54.6%) and mass media (52.7%). Ineffective communication can hinder citizen participation and challenge older adults and uneducated individuals. Key elements of successful communication include accuracy, efficiency, resourcefulness, immediate news flow, and technology use. Public recommendations include online feedback platforms, local government employees, and community outreach programs. Conclusion: The public expects open communication, digital tools, transparency, and freedom of politics. To foster trust and engage the public, frequent meetings, online discussions, local personnel recruiting, community outreach, trust development, and customized interaction are necessary. Novelty: The study could provide insights into a new approach to public-local government communication, emphasizing transparency, community concerns, and collaboration.