Communication Steps Research Articles

Agile Latency Estimation for a Real-time Service-oriented Software Architecture

This paper presents our testbed and software pipeline for automatic latency estimation for a service-oriented software architecture (SOA). This type of architecture consists of modular services that are dynamically combined at runtime to form a functioning system. As different service combinations become possible at runtime, agile approaches for testing the resulting systems become necessary. Besides other factors, latencies are of particular interest for the implementation of control systems. Our agile approach automatically generates dummy services, including interfaces and tasks for internal processing, based on a service description in a human-readable format. Services are then automatically distributed to the computers of our testbed, which are connected through Ethernet. We empirically obtain latency estimates for processing and communication steps for a given composition of services. In this paper we describe our data format, abstractions about internal run-time behavior of services and the code generation pipeline. The evaluation presents latency estimates that we are able to obtain through our testbed that resembles the sense-plan-act paradigm.

Developing software IVO for clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and cost data collection for Sickle Cell Anemia

The challenge to improve the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is to plan for managers and health professionals, as well as to estimate the necessary costs. To this end, research should be developed to support the health area, with emphasis on the development of software that complements data collection. For these reasons, the objective of this study is to describe the development of software for the collection of cost information and clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of patients with SCD, which can be used in the future by other areas of health. This is an experimental and applied research focused on technological production. The applied process model was incremental and followed the steps of communication, planning, modeling and development. The first version is in the testing phase and presents the record format, does not require internet connection, can interact with Windows®, Linux® or MacOS® operating systems and encrypt data for storage. In the next increments, the customization of the fields with a broad structure for data collection; data export in spreadsheet format for use in external tools; creation of customized reports and central database stands out.

Improved Pilot Selection for Channel Estimation of Polar Codes in Wireless 5G

Fading channels learning about polar codes is great prominence. Knowledge of polar codes is very important while they are applied to the wireless communication systems. In fading Channels the communication through channel estimation which is an essential step for communication. The structure is constructed by a set of information bits for both systematic polar code and non-systematic polar code and the information set recognized frozen bits. In fading channels uneven pilot selection scheme and even pilot selection scheme are two pilot selection schemes are considered for polar codes. There is an improvement in decoding performance of polar codes using these selection schemes. In this choosing of coded symbols treated as pilots is a replacement of insertion of pilots. Polar codes have poor performance in fixed domain. So the EPS selection scheme can be active for tracing or channel estimation. The structure of polar code encoding is acapable structure and pilot selection is grave since whole selections cannot use the existing structure again. By conjoining the above advantages, pilot signals are selected without any addition from outside and insertion of pilot symbols impartial to estimation of the channel. Leveraging this, the DM-BS scheme is applyto multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system in frequency selective fading channel.

Improved Target Signal Source Tracking and Extraction Method Based on Outdoor Visible Light Communication Using an Improved Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Cam-Shift Algorithm

An improved particle filter algorithm based on Cam-Shift algorithm applied to outdoor visible light communication (outdoor-VLC) is presented in this paper. In the outdoor-VLC system, accurately and completely tracking and extracting the target signal source Light Emitting Diode (LED) area is the premise for realizing communication. However, few existing studies pay attention to it. In the dynamic outdoor environment, there will be a lot of different environmental interferences (such as background interference, similar object interference, etc.), which greatly increases the difficulty of tracking and extracting the target signal source LED area. Therefore, in this paper, an improved tracking algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of how to track and extract the target signal source LED area accurately, stably and in real time in the outdoor-VLC system under various environmental interferences, so as to increase the feasibility of practical application of VLC system in outdoor scenes. This improved algorithm combines the particle filter algorithm and Cam-Shift algorithm originally. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good accuracy, robustness and real-time performance under the environment of multiple interference factors. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the outdoor-VLC system with various environmental interferences, and can realize the actual first step of communication in VLC system based on image sensor well, laying a foundation for feature extraction, data transmission and other subsequent steps.

CSI‐based authentication: Extracting stable features using deep neural networks

AbstractThe first step of secure communication is authenticating users and detecting malicious ones. In recent years, some promising schemes have been proposed using wireless medium network's features, in particular, channel state information (CSI) as a means of authentication. These schemes mainly compare the user's previous CSI with the new received CSI to determine if the user is what it is claiming to be. Despite high accuracy, these approaches lack the stability in authentication when the users rotate in their positions. It is due to the significant change in CSI when a user rotates, which misleads the authenticator when it compares the new CSI with the previous ones. Our approach presents a way of extracting features from raw CSI measurements, which are stable with respect to rotation. We employ a deep neural network to extract these features. We also present a scenario in which users can be efficiently authenticated while they are at specific locations in an environment (even if they rotate) and will be rejected if they change their location. In addition, experimental results are presented to show the performance of the proposed scheme.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Attitudes and Practices of Mass Communication Programs Regarding Unpaid Student Internships

This survey of mass communication programs’ attitudes and practices found unpaid student internships are more likely at unaccredited programs and where the highest degree offered is a bachelor’s. Advisers at bachelor’s programs also are more likely to agree academic credit appropriately substitutes for monetary payment. Although most advisers support unpaid internships, they agree universities are ethically obligated to protect students from illegal ones. The study recommends steps for journalism and mass communication (JOMC) educators to engage in informed discussions and decision-making to arrive at ethically justifiable policies and practices governing internships where their students work for free, especially for academic credit at for-profit companies.

President Ford’s Personal Watergate: The Undermining of the Public Sphere during the Mayaguez Incident

In May 1974, Cambodian troops captured the U.S. container ship SS Mayaguez and her crew off the Cambodian coast, igniting a clash between the new Khmer Rouge regime and a U.S. president dealing with aftermath of Watergate. The Mayaguez incident was initially reported as a successful rescue mission, with the administration of President Gerald R. Ford keeping silent about the forty-one U.S. military personnel who died. For five days, the Pentagon insisted that one American had been killed. This incident highlights key communication steps in the life cycle of a politically constructed falsehood meant to mislead and limit information reaching the public sphere.

KOMUNIKASI LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN KAWASAN WISATA (Studi Deskriptif Pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan di Kawasan Wisata Mandeh)

Enviromental problem that occur currently are increasingly damaging to the nature in tourist area of Mandeh by forest burning, mangroves hoarding, and the contamination that happens to the sea. Therefore, it needs a serious effort to build and increasing the concern of people around towards the environment to minimalizing the decrease in enviromental quality. This research using qualitative method by descriptive approaches to get the communication goals from Pesisir Selatan Enviromental Services towards the enviromental damage in tourist area of Mandeh. The relevancy of enviromental communication as an effort to communicate the enviromental sustainability, the researcher using communication planning theory that can help to build the awareness and concern for the society or industry in the enviromental surroundings. The result of this research shows that DLH (Pesisir Selatan enviromental services) using communication planning during their activity according to the 8 steps of enviromental communication, but it has not been done massively. Besides through a direct activity with the society such as socialization, training, coaching, forum group discussion and enviromental community, DLH also using media to share the information to the society such as using radio, SPM TV, the billboard, sign of prohibition and online media. Another finding obtained through communication planning analyze from DLH is they know the behaviour of society, knowing the potential of enviromental impact, and providing the options and direction, it turns out among them there is the existence of word of mouth in society.

Design and Implementation of Visible Light Communication based toys

This paper presents the design and implementation steps of a smart visible light communication based toy system equipped with laser sensors that can send and receive the data message based on the conversion of data from ASCII to binary code. The toy system intends to offer two-ways communication that will be a new medium for educational purposes for kids in their developmental stages in which both players can send and receive the data to and from each other toys equipped with sound indicator module to alert the player. Lastly, functionality and system testing were conducted to verify the functionalities of the system. A thorough implementation methodology details are presented in the paper.

Developing Preliminary Steps in a Pharmacist Communication – Patient Outcome Pathway

Nonadherence to medication therapy has been associated with poor health outcomes and increased health care costs. The literature describes pharmacists as key health care professionals in identifying and addressing nonadherence issues but does not explain how and why effective pharmacist-patient communication affects patients' medication adherence. Previously published pathways used in linking effective physician-patient communication to patient outcomes are proposed for the context of pharmacist-patient communication. To develop preliminary steps in a pharmacist communication - patient outcome pathway, adapted from a physician-patient communication pathway. This longitudinal descriptive study, which took place in a large quaternary hospital, involved hospital pharmacists and patients. Patients' assessment of pharmacist communication behaviours and reporting of patient satisfaction occurred after the pharmacist-patient consultation. Medication-taking behaviour questionnaires were administered before the consultation and again 4 weeks after discharge. Developing the preliminary pathway (based on previously established physician communication pathways) involved 2 steps, with investigation of the following associations: (1) between patient-reported effective communication by pharmacists, as per the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), and patient satisfaction; and (2) between patient-reported pharmacist communication and satisfaction and patients' medication-taking behaviour. Twelve pharmacists and 48 patients participated. For step 1, almost all patient-reported pharmacist communication behaviours were positively correlated with patient satisfaction statements. Strong associations between CAT-related pharmacist communication behaviours and patient satisfaction highlighted the pharmacists' behaviours that are important to patients and necessary for effective conversations to take place. In step 2, there were fewer correlations of medication-taking behaviour indices with pharmacist communication behaviours and patient satisfaction. This study showed how a preliminary pharmacist communication - patient outcome pathway could be successfully adapted from existing physician communication pathways. Such pathways provide an initial platform upon which future pharmacist communication - patient outcome research can be built.

Balancing Communication and Computation in Distributed Optimization

Methods for distributed optimization have received significant attention in recent years owing to their wide applicability in various domains including machine learning, robotics, and sensor networks. A distributed optimization method typically consists of two key components: communication and computation. More specifically, at every iteration (or every several iterations) of a distributed algorithm, each node in the network requires some form of information exchange with its neighboring nodes (communication) and the computation step related to a (sub)-gradient (computation). The standard way of judging an algorithm via only the number of iterations overlooks the complexity associated with each iteration. Moreover, various applications deploying distributed methods may prefer a different composition of communication and computation. Motivated by this discrepancy, in this paper, we propose an adaptive cost framework that adjusts the cost measure depending on the features of various applications. We present a flexible algorithmic framework, where communication and computation steps are explicitly decomposed to enable algorithm customization for various applications. We apply this framework to the well-known distributed gradient descent (DGD) method, and show that the resulting customized algorithms, which we call DGD $^t$ , NEAR-DGD $^t$ , and NEAR-DGD $^+$ , compare favorably to their base algorithms, both theoretically and empirically. The proposed NEAR-DGD $^+$ algorithm is an exact first-order method where the communication and computation steps are nested, and when the number of communication steps is adaptively increased, the method converges to the optimal solution. We test the performance and illustrate the flexibility of the methods, as well as practical variants, on quadratic functions and classification problems that arise in machine learning, in terms of iterations, gradient evaluations, communications, and the proposed cost framework.

OpenCV 라이브러리 기반 FSK OCC 시스템의 성능 측정

With the development of semiconductor especially, nano technology, image processing is playing an important role in the multimedia display industry. It is also one of the most considered research topic which has been combined with the industrial production quickly with the on-chip integration. As an important step in optical camera communication (OCC) operation, image processing makes decision for the reliable system. There are some open-source computer vision libraries for image processing applications. One of the earliest libraries to be considered by many researchers is OpenCV. In this paper, we will propose a new OCC system based on frequency shift OOK modulation and evaluate the performance of proposed system based OpenCV library for a real time application on android smartphone scenario. From the measurement on consumption time, accuracy for every phase, we make a comparison with other implements to prove the efficiency of OpenCV library.

The Capacity of Online (Causal) $q$ -Ary Error-Erasure Channels

In the $q$ -ary online (or “causal”) channel coding model, a sender wishes to communicate a message to a receiver by transmitting a codeword $\mathbf {x} =(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n}) \in \{0,1,\ldots,q-1\}^{n}$ symbol-by-symbol via a channel limited to at most $pn$ errors and $p^{*} n$ erasures. The channel is “online” in the sense that at the $i$ th step of communication the channel decides whether to corrupt the $i$ th symbol or not based on its view so far, i.e., its decision depends only on the transmitted symbols $(x_{1},\ldots,x_{i})$ . This is in contrast to the classical adversarial channel in which the corruption is chosen by a channel that has full knowledge of the sent codeword $\mathbf {x}$ . In this paper, we study the capacity of $q$ -ary online channels for a combined corruption model, in which the channel may impose at most $pn$ errors and at most $p^{*} n$ erasures on the transmitted codeword. The online channel (in both the error and erasure case) has seen a number of recent studies, which present both upper and lower bounds on its capacity. In this paper, we give a full characterization of the capacity as a function of $q,p$ , and $p^{*}$ .

Identification of the Initial Steps in Signal Transduction in the α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor: Insights from Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Simulations

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate synaptic transmission in the nervous system. These receptors have emerged as therapeutic targets in drug discovery for treating several conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, pain, and nicotine addiction. In this in silico study, we use a combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to map dynamic and structural changes induced by nicotine in the human α4β2 nAChR. They reveal a striking pattern of communication between the extracellular binding pockets and the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and show the sequence of conformational changes associated with the initial steps in this process. We propose a general mechanism for signal transduction for Cys-loop receptors: the mechanistic steps for communication proceed firstly through loop C in the principal subunit, and are subsequently transmitted, gradually and cumulatively, to loop F of the complementary subunit, and then to the TMDs through the M2-M3 linker.

Adaptive Medium Access Control for Distributed Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Signal and information processing tasks over Wireless Sensor Networks can be successfully accomplished by means of a distributed implementation among the nodes. Existing distributed schemes are commonly based on iterative strategies that imply a huge demand of one-hop transmissions, which must be efficiently processed by the lower layers of the nodes. At the link layer, general purpose medium access (MAC) policies for wireless communications usually focus on avoiding collisions. These existing approaches result in a reduction of the number of simultaneous transmissions, and an underutilization of the channel as a consequence. This leads to a decrease in the performance of the distributed tasks, since an efficient channel occupation is not generally accomplished. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol that, besides focusing on the reliability of the communications, provides an efficient channel occupation. While the former has a direct impact on the energy consumption of usually battery powered devices, the latter affects the performance of the distributed task executed. We include both aspects in a global utility function that the nodes, relying just on local available information, aim to increase at every communication step. Furthermore, our proposal combines in a unique framework both unicast and broadcast scenarios. Through several simulation results, we show that our adaptive protocol outperforms the related literature.

Analisis Implementasi Manajemen Pengendalian Risiko Dalam Upaya Tercapainya Tujuan Organisasi (Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat)

Risk is a threat or command Action or event that emphasizes something to be achieved. In this case it is a very useful management for the various kinds that will arise in the organization. The Regional Office of the Directorate General of Treasury of West Nusa Tenggara Province implements the management of controls in order to enable what will happen in the future which will be arranged properly and appropriately. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of risk control management.
 This research is a qualitative research with descriptive approach. In this research, the researcher describes the implementation and implementation of management by using Edward III analysis that is communication and strategy and steps needed to reach the organization goal. Researchers therefore use, interview, and documentation and then analyze it by digging data, reducing data, displaying data, and reducing conclusions.
 From these results obtained that there are two indicators of communication in the form of monthly, quarterly and semester, resources with the number and quality and adequate facilities. Then implement the management quickly and effectively with appropriate to reduce the speed and speed of the main goal of the Directorate treasury General of West Nusa Tenggara Province with a scope that is not so large.

OPERAS: bringing the long tail of Social Sciences and Humanities into Open Science

The paper will present OPERAS, a comprehensive infrastructure aimed at providing a pan-European infrastructure to rethink and reshape publishing, discovery and dissemination addressing the specificity and the critical issues of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH).The paper will try to set the scene examining the status of scholarly communication, the developments of Open Access and Open Science, and the specific demands for SSH. A second part will outline how OPERAS meets these needs, taking care of all the steps of the scholarly communication cycle.OPERAS unique approach is to unite researchers, libraries and publishers in a common effort, in order to take back control over scholarly communication. Not merging nor replacing, but nurturing existing realities, OPERAS provides innovative services to bring SSH into Open Science.OPERAS is designed to elaborate effective and scalable long-term strategies for the future development of the digital infrastructure and community building needed to innovate scholarly communication in the SSH. OPERAS pervading idea of science as communication holds an immense potential for an inspiring model of Open Science with direct societal impact, based on continuous communication.

Development of a web software prototype to support retirement planning.

ObjectiveTo develop a web software prototype to support retirement planning.MethodThis is a methodological research, applied and based on the principles of prototyping model, which followed the steps of communication, planning, prototype creation, functional tests and consolidation of web software version 1.ResultsThe functions of the web software prototype were defined from a flowchart and scope. In the creation stage, the screens that integrated the prototype, composed by interview, were projected from the filling of the Retirement Resources Inventory, screen of access to support planning materials, including lectures, scientific texts, and technical materials, retirement news screen, experiences screen, which allow users to post retirement expectations and comment on other users’ posts. After performing tests, the prototype was made available at www.aposentarsecomsaude.com.br . Conclusionthe web software prototype consists of an interactive environment in which the user feels active in the reflection process about the retirement along the different screens. With clear language and expressions that are easily understood by the public, they are applicable to users of different professional profiles.

Parallel partitioning algorithm for numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow during the mold filling process

The two-phase simulation of casting filling, which has high accuracy for the velocity field, pressure field, and the gas-liquid interface behavior, has been widely applied to the many fields of materials processing, especially in the prediction of casting filling process. However, a disadvantage of two-phase simulation is the high demand for computation resource, which makes the calculation time-consuming for practical application. In the study, based on the SOLA Level-Set method for gas-liquid two-phase flow during the mold filling process, a new parallel partitioning algorithm standard is proposed by using MPI (Message Passing Interface) parallel programming technique. A region-based algorithm based on dynamic programming is designed and a parallel partition model is established. A parallel program for gas-liquid two-phase flow numerical simulation is developed. A mapping array method is proposed to reduce the communication overhead between sub-domains. The communication steps between sub-domains in the process of solving the complex flow field are designed. Tests on actual castings show that the parallel algorithm has a good performance. The speedup ratio with 4 to 8 processing cores is above 2, and the maximum can reach 4.6.

A method for parallel scheduling of multi-rate co-simulation on multi-core platforms

The design of cyber-physical systems is a complex process and relies on the simulation of the system behavior before its deployment. Such is the case, for instance, of joint simulation of the different subsystems that constitute a hybrid automotive powertrain. Co-simulation allows system designers to simulate a whole system composed of a number of interconnected subsystem simulators. Traditionally, these subsystems are modeled by experts of different fields using different tools, and then integrated into one tool to perform simulation at the system-level. This results in complex and compute-intensive co-simulations and requires the parallelization of these co-simulations in order to accelerate their execution. The simulators composing a co-simulation are characterized by the rates of data exchange between the simulators, defined by the engineers who set the communication steps. The RCOSIM approach allows the parallelization on multi-core processors of co-simulations using the FMI standard. This approach is based on the exploitation of the co-simulation parallelism where dependent functions perform different computation tasks. In this paper, we extend RCOSIM to handle additional co-simulation requirements. First, we extend the co-simulation to multi-rate, i.e. where simulators are assigned different communication steps. We present graph transformation rules and an algorithm that allow the execution of each simulator at its respective rate while ensuring correct and efficient data exchange between simulators. Second, we present an approach based on acyclic orientation of mixed graphs for handling mutual exclusion constraints between functions that belong to the same simulator due to the non-thread-safe implementation of FMI. We propose an exact algorithm and a heuristic for performing the acyclic orientation. The final stage of the proposed approach consists in scheduling the co-simulation on a multi-core architecture. We propose an algorithm and a heuristic for computing a schedule which minimizes the total execution time of the co-simulation. We evaluate the performance of our proposed approach in terms of the obtained execution speed. By applying our approach on an industrial use case, we obtained a maximum speedup of 2.91 on four cores.