Communication Steps Research Articles

Strategi Komunikasi Lingkungan Ekowisata Taman Mangrove Jung Koneng Bangkalan untuk Rehabilitasi

Examining the environmental communication strategy implemented by the Payung Kuning Tourism Awareness Group as the manager of the Jung Koneng Mangrove Park in Labuhan Village, Ten District, Bangkalan. Starting from damage to the coastal environment due to the behavior of people who do not care about the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem, as well as uncontrolled piles of rubbish, resulting in a significant decline in environmental quality. Using descriptive qualitative methods, researchers identified strategic steps in environmental communication which were grouped into four main stages, namely situation analysis, planning, media production, and action and reflection. At the situation analysis stage, Pokdarwis identified the environmental problems faced and the actors involved in mangrove rehabilitation. The planning stage involves developing a communication strategy based on local conditions, collaboration with external parties, and the use of traditional and digital media. In the media production stage, various communication channels such as social media, face-to-face discussions, and visual learning media are used to convey educational messages. The final stage, action and reflection, focuses on implementing rehabilitation activities and evaluating the impact of the communication strategies that have been implemented. Community participation not only contributes to the successful rehabilitation of the mangrove ecosystem, but also increases the community's social and economic awareness regarding ecotourism potential. Keywords: environmental communication strategy, mangrove, ecotourism, education, Jung Koneng Mangrove Park

Evaluating surgeon communication of pancreatic cancer prognosis using the VitalTalk ADAPT framework.

Few data exist to guide optimal communication practices for surgical oncologists. VitalTalk, an evidence-based communication skills training model for clinicians, offers the five-step ADAPT tool for discussing prognosis. This study aimed to characterize surgeon communication of pancreatic cancer prognosis using VitalTalk's ADAPT framework. Contemporaneous audio recordings from 12 initial surgeon-patient encounters for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer were transcribed. Directed qualitative content analysis based on ADAPT (Ask, Discover, Anticipate, Provide, and Track) was used to deductively code transcripts. All encounters contained at least one ADAPT step while only one (8%) incorporated four or five steps. Surgeons provided prognostic information (Provide) in all but one encounter (92%); most was qualitative and clustered into themes: serious illness, surgical candidacy, prognostic ambiguity, and cancer recurrence. Surgeons elicited understanding (Ask), requested information preferences (Discover), anticipated ambivalence (Anticipate), and responded to emotion (Track) in a minority of encounters (25%-42%); of 15 patient emotional cues, six were not addressed by surgeons. During an initial encounter for pancreatic cancer, surgeons focus heavily on providing information but omit critical prognostic communication steps. Future studies are needed to investigate if surgeon training in palliative care-based communicationis feasible and impacts patient-perceived quality of communication.

Navigating obstetric bad news: Insights from tertiary care medical teams

ObjectivesTo analyze the self-reported perception of obstetric medical teams regarding the practice of delivering bad news in public and private hospitals. MethodsCross-sectional study considering physicians delivering obstetric care at the Municipal Hospital Vila Santa Catarina, Municipal Hospital Dr. Moysés Deutsch, and Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, in São Paulo, Brazil. The applied questionnaire reflected the steps of the SPIKES protocol for delivering difficult news, with the questions adapted to obstetric and fetal medicine practice context. ResultsSpecialists self-reported higher levels of knowledge, better emotional management, and superior strategy planning and summarization skills than residents. Participants with more than five years of experience reported higher knowledge levels, better emotional management, and superior strategy development skills. When comparing professionals from private and public hospitals, no significant differences emerged in self-reported communication aspects. ConclusionsExperience duration significantly influences professionals' impressions in their ability to provide information, manage emotions, and plan post-diagnosis. Specialists and those with more years of experience self-report enhanced readiness in executing communication steps effectively.Practice implications:Our findings underscore the importance of tailored training and experience in navigating sensitive medical conversations in the field of Obstetrics.

An algebraic global linelet preconditioner for incompressible flow solvers

Given the wide range of scales present in fluid dynamics, highly anisotropic meshes are often employed to resolve boundary layer flow at high Reynolds numbers. However, such meshes result in distorted elements, which can deteriorate the convergence of the preconditioned conjugate gradient solver (PCG) used to solve the discrete pressure equations. To address this issue, the Linelet Preconditioner is commonly used to accelerate the convergence rate of the PCG by building line segments (linelets) along the direction of the strongest couplings and applying a specific operation to each linelet. Under the current state of the art, linelets are constrained to operate independently within each domain partition. In these scenarios, PCG convergence was observed to deteriorate when the number of domain partitions is increased. This work proposes a communication step to be integrated into the preconditioning step, enabling different linelets to exchange information. The proposed method is observed to improve the convergence rate of linear systems with high stiffness due to highly stretched elements. Also, an algorithm is developed to generate the preconditioning matrix by purely algebraic considerations, in contrast to the usual approach of building linelets based on geometrical considerations. Furthermore, since the current approach is agnostic to the domain partition, it does not impose any constraint on the domain decomposition. Hence, the proposed method is a robust preconditioner with a numerical performance almost independent of the quality of the domain decomposition, providing a way for a more balanced load distribution.

Quick Response Crisis Communication Strategies Insights from Public Relations PT. KAI DAOP 2 Bandung's Train Accident Response

A crisis that occurs in a company has the potential to damage the company's reputation. However, if the crisis can be handled properly, then the crisis will not harm the company. The purpose of this research is to find out the crisis communication steps and efforts made by the Public Relations of Daop 2 Bandung in dealing with the crisis situation caused by the train accident. Researchers use a descriptive analysis approach because it is considered capable of describing something clearly and each part can be studied one by one, so that the facts of a case can be revealed transparently. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, in this study the data source consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews with Mr. Ayep Hanapi as Public Relations Manager of PT KAI Daop 2 Bandung. The results showed that PT KAI Public Relations has made several efforts to maintain the company's image, namely: First, pre-crisis PT KAI applies the zero accident principle by increasing employee competence and discipline as well as maintaining facilities and infrastructure. Second, PT KAI's crisis team collaborates with stakeholders, provides solutions, is responsive in serving the media by preparing accurate data and fact information. Third, post-crisis to improve the image by providing compensation to employees and accident victims and conducting evaluations to improve train safety and security in the future.

A sustainable and trusted solution for IoT-based federated learning using feedback behavior

Federated learning is defined as one of the solutions that use distributed clients to train and aggregate the target model without sharing the private information of clients in the network. Hence, federated learning may easily handle and tackle the generated information in a more convenient, feasible and secure manner, while involving the intelligent devices to perform testing and training at the local edges. However, the design of such federated learning solutions faces multiple difficulties due to the cost and complexity of information computation, along with a high energy consumption. Furthermore, the identification of resource-constrained devices which ensures significant power consumption along with privacy and security to the devices makes it critical to attain a sustainable federated learning environment. The aim of this paper is to integrate feedback-based and objective trust models to accurately identify the behavior of communicating devices in the network. The secure transmission of information forwarded by trusted IoT devices is computed by the objective model. In addition, the energy consumption required for measuring the authenticity of a device can be further diminished using a behavior and feedback trusted model. In addition, the past history behavior and feedback received from neighboring devices may also contribute to achieving an efficient and sustainable security mechanism with reduced communication steps and computational delay in the network. The proposed solution is evaluated to analyze the feasibility and performance in terms of energy consumption and resource utilization, while also considering various security metrics for comparison against existing methods. The proposed mechanism out-performed 87% improvement in terms of security metrics in comparison of existing approaches.

Strategi Komunikasi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Serang dalam Sosialisasi Kebijakan Program Sistem Satu Arah Jalan Kaujon Serang

Traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in many major cities, including the Kaujon area in Serang. Kaujon is one of the densely populated areas in the city of Serang, which has experienced rapid growth in recent years. The high population growth, supported by the development of infrastructure and the local economy, has led to transportation problems, particularly traffic congestion, becoming increasingly concerning. The objective of this research is to understand the communication strategies and steps taken by the Serang City Transportation Department in socializing the One-Way System Program Policy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and employs a case study, which involves using empirical evidence from one or more cases to study the problem within its context. The results of this study reveal that the Serang City Transportation Department employs communication strategies to socialize the One-Way Kaujon policy to the community. These socialization efforts involve various approaches, including but not limited to the following: 1) Operational Approach; 2) Persuasive and Educational Approach; 3) Coordinative Approach. As a result, information about and the policy of the One-Way System can be conveyed and implemented in Kaujon, Serang City, for the smooth flow of traffic on the city's roads.

Constructing Four Steps of Home-School Communication for Students’ Psychological Crisis Intervention from the Perspective of Focus Solution

Constructing Four Steps of Home-School Communication for Students’ Psychological Crisis Intervention from the Perspective of Focus Solution

Secure and Efficient Federated Learning Against Model Poisoning Attacks in Horizontal and Vertical Data Partitioning.

In distributed systems, data may partially overlap in sample and feature spaces, that is, horizontal and vertical data partitioning. By combining horizontal and vertical federated learning (FL), hybrid FL emerges as a promising solution to simultaneously deal with data overlapping in both sample and feature spaces. Due to its decentralized nature, hybrid FL is vulnerable to model poisoning attacks, where malicious devices corrupt the global model by sending crafted model updates to the server. Existing work usually analyzes the statistical characteristics of all updates to resist model poisoning attacks. However, training local models in hybrid FL requires additional communication and computation steps, increasing the detection cost. In addition, due to data diversity in hybrid FL, solutions based on the assumption that malicious models are distinct from honest models may incorrectly classify honest ones as malicious, resulting in low accuracy. To this end, we propose a secure and efficient hybrid FL against model poisoning attacks. Specifically, we first identify two attacks to define how attackers manipulate local models in a harmful yet covert way. Then, we analyze the execution time and energy consumption in hybrid FL. Based on the analysis, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize training costs while guaranteeing accuracy considering the effect of attacks. To solve the formulated problem, we transform it into a Markov decision process and model it as a multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem. Then, we propose a malicious device detection (MDD) method based on MARL to select honest devices to participate in training and improve efficiency. In addition, we propose an alternative poisoned model detection (PMD) method considering model change consistency. This method aims to prevent poisoned models from being used in the model aggregation. Experimental results validate that under the random local model poisoning attack, the proposed MDD method can save over 50% training costs while guaranteeing accuracy. When facing the advanced adaptive local model poisoning (ALMP) attack, utilizing both the proposed MDD and PMD methods achieves the desired accuracy while reducing execution time and energy consumption.

Biotechnology Engineering Vertical Hydroponic Farming in PjBL-STEM Learning Jigsaw Strategy to Improve Creative Thinking Skills and Creativity of Grade 10 Students

This study tested the effectiveness of PjBL-STEM learning model jigsaw strategy on creative thinking skills and creativity of grade X students on biotechnology vertical hydroponic farming material. The research method used was quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group design, which was conducted in Class X SMAN 1 Ciracap in Sukabumi Regency as many as 60 students consisting of 30 experimental class students and 30 control class students. Data collection was conducted using initial and final tests for creative thinking skills and observation sheets for student creativity and student response questionnaires to the PjBL-STEM Jigsaw strategy model. Quantitative data from the study were analyzed using SPSS-25 and qualitative data were processed using descriptive analysis. The experimental class received PjBL-STEM learning treatment with jigsaw strategy, while the control class used PjBL. For the first time learning model applied in class X, PjBL-STEM jigsaw strategy is effective in improving students' creative thinking skills and creativity. The prominent creative thinking skills are shown in the fluency and originality indicators. Based on the observation, the implementation of the PjBL-STEM model of jigsaw strategy directs students to the steps of inquiry, engineering design, production process, and communication much better than PjBL.

Cache-optimized and low-overhead implementations of additive Schwarz methods for high-order FEM multigrid computations

This contribution presents data-locality optimizations of the additive Schwarz method (ASM) based on the fast-diagonalization method defined on overlapping cell-centric and vertex-star patches in the context of high-order matrix-free finite-element computations on modern CPU-based hardware. The developments are guided by detailed performance models of the ASM in the context of Chebyshev iterations when used as smoothers for p-multigrid. The proposed efficient implementation of ASM adopts concepts known from cell-loop infrastructures for efficient operator evaluation, in particular, the storage of information per geometric entity and the cache-friendly interleaving of cell loops and vector updates as a means to increase data locality. We use the latter concept for both applying the weights required by ASM and performing the vector updates required by the Chebyshev iteration, which are memory-bound operations with non-negligible costs in comparison to efficient operator evaluation. Furthermore, the solution of a scalar Poisson problem on a highly anisotropic and an unstructured mesh with p-multigrid using the developed smoothers indicates that efficient implementations of the additive Schwarz method can outperform optimized point-Jacobi preconditioners already for simple problems despite being more than twice as expensive per iteration. Even though ASM introduces additional communication steps per smoother application, the reduced number of iterations can lead to improved parallel scalability for intermediate problem sizes. At the scaling limit, the results are inconclusive due to these two opposing effects.

Differences in patient-physician communication between the emergency department and other departments in a hospital setting in Taiwan

BackgroundCommunication fosters trust and understanding between patients and physicians, and specific communication steps help to build relationships. Communication in the emergency department may be different from that in other departments due to differences in medical purposes and treatments. However, the characteristics of communication in the clinical settings of various departments have not been explored nor compared.ObjectivesThis study aimed to construct the steps in patient-physician communication based on the Roter Communication Model and compare communication performance between the emergency department and three other clinical settings—internal medicine, surgery, and family medicine departments.MethodsBoth qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted. First, in-depth interviews were used to analyze clinical communication steps and meanings. Then, a quantitative questionnaire was designed based on the interview results to investigate differences in communication between the emergency department and the other three departments. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed from 20 interviews and 98 valid questionnaires.ResultsPatient-physician communication consists of four steps and ten factors. The four steps—greeting and data gathering, patient education and counseling, facilitation and patient activation, and building a relationship—had significant progressive effects. Patient education and counseling had an additional significant effect on building a relationship. The emergency department performed less well in the facilitation and patient activation, building a relationship step and the evaluation method, enhancement method, and attitude factors than the other departments.ConclusionsTo improve the quality of patient-physician communication in the emergency department, physicians should strengthen the steps of facilitation and patient activation to encourage patients’ active engagement in their health care.

Availability of psychological resources for parents receiving communication of positivity at newborn screening for metabolic diseases in Italy.

Receiving information in the case of a positive or false-positive expanded newborn screening (ENBS) result for metabolic diseases is a stressful event. The availability of psychological support to families is crucial across the different communication steps and is recommended by different guidelines and position papers. However, more information is needed about the availability of psychological resources in the ENBS process. This national survey aimed to provide an overview of the availability of psychological resources for parents who received communication of positivity at the ENBS in the 23 Italian centers and how the support is provided to parents. An online survey was sent to the Heads of the ENBS centers asking about the availability of a clinical psychologist, their involvement in the ENBS process, and an estimation of parents receiving psychological support. More than 60% of the centers report having a clinical psychologist in the ENBS team; however, in more than 50% of cases, the psychologist does not participate in the consultation with parents (nor for the first consultation post-positivity or at confirmation of diagnosis). Furthermore, nearly 60% of the centers reported the experience of parental rejection of psychological sessions. Conclusion: There is a need for harmonization among the Italian ENBS centers concerning the availability of psychological resources and how these resources are provided to families. Parents' needs remained only partially fulfilled. What is Known: • Receiving communication of positivity at the ENBS can be highly stressful for parents and requires adequate psychological support. • The guidelines recommend psychological support for parents during the ENBS process. What is New: • Only 14/23 (60.9%) of Italian ENBS centers have a clinical psychologist within the team. • In half of the consultations with parents receiving communication of positivity, the clinical psychologist is never involved.

Legitimacy of Using Force as a Fundamental Ingredient for Military Motivation in Robust Peacekeeping Operations

ABSTRACT The notion of legitimacy is essential to motivate soldiers to fight in wars. However, the value of this factor to motivate in operations that do not involve the state’s vital interests – such as peacekeeping – is little explored. Drawing upon theories of the legitimate use of force and combat motivation, I argue that the UN legitimacy of using force to advance peacekeeping mandates is fundamental for the motivation of the blue helmets to carry out risky tasks and fight, as necessary, in robust PKOs. The article begins by proposing an operational definition of legitimacy to use force to advance peacekeeping mandates, a necessary step for effective communication with interviewees in subsequent empirical investigations. Then, it explores the connection between legitimacy and soldiers’ motivation to fight. Lastly, a case study based on interviews with dozens of blue helmets investigates perceptions of the legitimacy to use force and its motivational role in robust PKOs. The results reveal that positive perceptions of the mission legitimacy to use force increase the blue helmets’ motivation to accomplish risky tasks. Consequently, the article points to increasing awareness about the conditions that render the use of force legitimate as a way to improve military performances in robust PKOs.

Preface

Urban and regional planning is closely related to spatial analysis to be able to fully describe changes in the physical conditions of the earth’s surface in the planning area. Rapid population growth, urban expansion, and various changes as a form of anthropogenic processes make it necessary for planners to develop spatial analysis tools. It gives rise to connections and discussions between sciences and multi-disciplines such as spatial planning, geography, geomatics, and various scientific disciplines that utilize spatial analysis.In the last decade, the development of spatial analysis for urban and regional planning, especially applied geomatics, has been very rapid during the pandemic. The pandemic has forced people to be able to use tools that can analyze scientific phenomena without having to come into contact with the planning object. Furthermore, spatial big data technologies, location-based API, and open data mobility continue to develop during the pandemic. The development of this technology makes it easier to improve urban services, so it is the beginning of a historical milestone for the emergence of smart city ideas and concepts, especially in Indonesia.Seeing the importance of exchanging ideas and thoughts regarding geomatics technology such as GIS and Remote Sensing to support the smart city concept, it is necessary to hold the 5th Geoplanning-International Conference of Geomatics and Planning with the main topic “GIS and Remote Sensing Applications for Smart City and Regional Development in the Post-Pandemic Era.” To detail the discussion, we invited experts such as Prof. Josaphat Tetuko, Ph.D. (Chiba University, Japan), Dr. Soheil Sabri (University of Orlando, USA), Dr. Khayrul Hisyam (University of Technology Malaysia, Malaysia), and Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Imam Buchori (Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia). They will enrich the ideas for developing spatial analysis with GIS and Remote sensing in the post-pandemic era.With this seminar, policies will emerge specifically to initiate post-pandemic future steps in using geomatics applications in spatial analysis. This seminar is an essential step for communication and expanding international networks so that the development of spatial analysis tools and methods can be more comprehensive and synergize various aspects of development. Apart from academic development needs, this step also supports the activities of practitioners and policymakers so that the results of this seminar can enrich the concept of decision-support systems and development policies.For that reason, this seminar will become a forum for effective communication from academics, practitioners, and policy-making actors. We would also like to thank the Organizing Committee and all parties who supported the realization of this seminar. Firstly, for Universitas Diponegoro through World Class University Program and our primary partner, the Regional Research and Innovation Agency of Central Java province (BRIDA) who contributed significantly to the seminar. Furthermore, we would also like to express our thanks to the sponsors who have helped us, such as Podomoro University, PT INDIS (Spatial Digital Innovation), IAP Central Java Chapter, Geomatics and Planning Laboratory, and the Cluster Members of Geomatics Application for Sustainable Development (CEGAS). Hopefully, this seminar will bridge knowledge in applied spatial analysis, GIS, and Remote Sensing from various parts of the world.Kindly Regards,Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anang Wahyu SejatiThe Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 5th Geoplanning International ConferenceList of Conference Committees are available in the pdf.

Comparison of different coupling variants for building and HVAC simulation

Coupled building and HVAC simulations applying the FMI standard promise many advantages in terms of system design and optimisation. In this paper, a systematic analysis of possible options for such couplings is presented. For one of these options, a case study is carried out where a quantitative comparison between the uncoupled reference system and the corresponding coupled system with different communication step sizes is carried out. Based on the simulation results, recommendations and challenges for such couplings are derived. In particular, the correlation between the communication step size of the FMUs and the computing time, as well as the deviations of the simulation results compared to the results of an uncoupled simulation are analysed.

Exploring nurses' experiences in applying AIDET framework to improve communication skills in the emergency department: A qualitative study.

Recognizing the significance of effective communication in raising emergency department service standards and preventing misinterpretation of patient needs among registered nurses is crucial for improving patient satisfaction. The utilization of the AIDET (Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, and Thank you) communication framework is acknowledged to enhance communication among registered nurses, patients, family members, and other healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore Thai nurses' experiences in applying the AIDET framework for communications with patients and their relatives in the emergency department. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews with 15 emergency nurses were conducted between September and March 2022 in a regional hospital in Thailand. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Three themes were generated: 1) Ability to follow the AIDET framework, 2) Recognizing the value of using AIDET steps for positive communication, and 3) Establishing a foundation for successful communication. The study's findings highlighted the AIDET framework's potential to enhance communication skills between nurses, healthcare professionals, and patients. The results also emphasized the importance of providing training and mentorship to junior nurses, integrating AIDET into daily routines and institutional policies, and facilitating continuous education for registered nurses. These efforts contribute to improving care quality and aligning with patient and family needs.

Problems of Discourse Typology in Linguistics

When defining the term Discourse, the difference between its content and structure converges on the basis of speech, the presentation of one's own thoughts. Social activity requires consideration of discourse in the context of communicative activity, taking into account its inseparable socio-psychological characteristics. In linguistic science, even in the context of the structure of discourse, the vision of scientists-researchers in the general solution has not been formed. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there is a certain system of steps of organized communication and the structure of the exchange of speech actions. In the article, some typology sections are conventionally named “typology”, “structural typology”, “comparative typology”, “regional typology”, “counterlinguistics”, “linguistic universals”, “translation grammar”, “comparative typological linguistics” and others. The terms “matching” and “comparison method” are often synonymous. Such a proliferation of terms shows that linguistic typology is not yet firmly established as a science. In linguistics, it includes the discipline of each section and all types of linguistic typology, the juxtaposition of comparative and typological methods, the typological description of related and unrelated languages, characteristic and uncharacteristic studies, etc. To determine such contradictory views, these studies were and are necessary. On the one hand, modern journalistic discourse is characterized by an abundance of template forms of Moderna, ready-made blocks, turns and speech stereotypes. On the other hand, journalism is full of methods and forms that are not fixed in the language sphere and created in a certain speech situation with a certain communicative purpose. Among the many media typical of Moderna discourse, the main focus is on influencing the information and emotions of the addressee and achieving a positive communicative result. These concepts are also significantly disclosed in the article.

Role of the State in Dealing With Fake News on Social Media

The state’s role in dealing with fake news on social media remains little understood. The objectives of this study are the following: 1) to identify the steps and process that the state can take in verifying and managing fake news on online social media, 2) to examine the means that different agencies have in developing and implementing policies to regulate fake news on online social media, and 3) To draw conclusions from this research and present them in the form of a guideline for improving the governmental policies on the regulation of fake news on social media. A mixed-methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected from document analysis and interviews. Quantitative research was done through data collection in a questionnaire survey. Variables were determined to measure the factors affecting the implementation of an online fake news control policy. The quantitative research showed that different policies have different impacts on the following issues. (1) The organization with the highest mean clarity in determining the steps for verifying and managing fake news is the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society. (2) The highest mean support for the implementation of fake news verification and management is the Ministry of Interior. (3) The Ministry of the Interior had the highest mean data collection and convenient searching for information to verify fake news. (4) The Ministry of Digital Economy and Society has the highest mean in communication and coordination across agencies. (5) The department with the highest mean sufficient types, channels, and methods for communication and coordination with agencies in fake news verification is the Ministry of Transportation. (6) The position with the highest mean ability to shorten communication and coordination steps is the director. The researcher suggests the following. (1) All agencies should establish clear steps and process for fake news identification and designate personnel to verify it. This includes empowering agencies to conduct legal proceedings. Each agency only has coordinators who have separate job responsibilities, which increases their workload and reduces their power to take legal action. (2) Types of news should be clearly categorized. News that can be easily verified, such as official ministerial announcements, should be immediately responded to through normal channels. News that is new and has not had official confirmation by the ministry or has not been scientifically endorsed should receive expert study. A data center can be set up in each ministry to respond to the population online. (3) For verification of fake news on social media, the state authorized a five-year budget to the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society to manage the National Anti-Fake News Center. However, other agencies should also receive sufficient funding for this mission. (4) In addition to using the channels of the National Anti-Fake News Center, the government should cooperate with mainstream media to find fake news on a daily basis.

Reorganization of the structural connectome during vision recovery in pituitary adenoma patients post-transsphenoidal surgery.

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can exert pressure on the optic apparatus, leading to visual impairment. A subset of patients may observe a swift improvement in their vision following surgery. Nevertheless, the alterations in the structural connectome during the early postoperative period remain largely unexplored. The research employed probabilistic tractography, graph theoretical analysis, and statistical methods on preoperative and postoperative structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor images from 13 PA patients. Postoperative analysis revealed an increase in global and local efficiency, signifying improved network capacity for parallel information transfer and fault tolerance, respectively. Enhanced clustering coefficient and reduced shortest path length were also observed, suggesting a more regular network organization and shortened communication steps within the brain network. Furthermore, alterations in node graphical properties were detected, implying a restructuring of the network's control points, possibly contributing to more efficient visual processing. These findings propose that rapid vision recovery post-surgery may be associated with significant reorganization of the brain's structural connectome, enhancing the efficiency and adaptability of the network, thereby facilitating improved visual processing.