Communication Sector Research Articles

İnternet Bağımlılığının Kadın Çalışan Performansına Etkisi: Sosyal Desteğin Düzenleyici Rolü

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effect of internet addiction on females’ job performance. Additionally, the results were analysed by adding social support as a regulatory variable. The survey technique has been used to obtain the data, and surveys have been applied to 408 female employees in two private enterprises operating in the information and communication sector. According to the results, it has been found that internet addiction adversely affects individual performance. However, a decrease in adverse effects and an increase in personal performance have been identified with the addition of the regulatory variable to the model.

Mixed-Numerology Channel Division for Wireless Avionics Intracommunications

Increasing attention has been paid to the wireless avionics intracommunications (WAIC) on aircraft. The frequency band of 4200-4400 MHz is recommended to WAIC by the International Telecommunication Union Radio Communication Sector (ITU-R), which thereby comes with a new challenge of using the available frequency band effectively to cater for the massive communication needs in aircraft. To address this challenge, we propose the first channel design framework named mixed-numerology channel division (MNCD) specifically for WAIC. Furthermore, a general interference model has been proposed to better utilize the recommended frequency band. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed framework can be a promising solution for massive wireless communications in aircraft.

Advances in Printable, Flexible and Transparent Graphene Photodetectors for Optoelectronics Applications

Photodetectors, often known as photosensors, are light or electromagnetic radiation sensors. Graphene is a carbon allotrope made up of a single layer of carbon atoms that are linked together in a hexagonal configuration. Carbon nanotubes, another emerging material, are made from rolled graphene. The high carrier mobility, linear dispersion, and 0 bandgap of graphene contribute to the ultra-fast, wide-spectrum response of graphene photodetectors from visible to infrared. The high responsivity of graphene photodetectors is 500 A/W for light of 450 nm and 4 A/W for light of 1064 nm. The strong compatibility of graphene with silicon technology has been explored, and recent discoveries open the way for chip integrated photodetectors with high-performance. This article will be covering different types of photodetectors which differ in type of materials used, along with graphene and type of methods of manufacture. It gives each device construction and working along with results on its responsivity and sensitivity. We then cover the innumerable applications of graphene-based photodetectors in communication sector, medical sector, and in flexible electronics which are discussed briefly. We also go through the advancements in materials and manufacturing processes, emphasizing that graphene photodetector devices are gaining popularity due to their capacity to provide long-term real-time precise monitoring. Lastly, we discuss advantages and hurdles that are to be overcome.

Which Sector-Based Bank Lending Facilities can Contribute to Long-Term Economic Growth? : Indonesian Study

Knowing which sector credit facilities can contribute to increasing economic growth in the long term in Indonesia, is the main objective of the research. This research uses secondary data as quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2019Q4. Using the VECM approach to identify long-term effects, equipped with structural analysis to determine the response to shocks as well as the resulting contribution. Overall sectoral bank credit facilities have a significant long-term impact on GDP, it was found, though of a different nature. The positive nature of credit facilities for the agricultural sector, wholesale and retail trade sector, and the transport, warehousing and communications sectors, while credit for manufacturing, construction, and financial intermediaries had the opposite impact. A credit shock for construction and financial intermediary sector loans responded positively in the long and short term, while credit for the manufacturing sector received the largest negative response. The largest contribution to economic growth came from manufacturing sector credit, financial intermediary sector credit, agricultural sector credit, and lastly, construction sector credit. Researchers suggest increasing credit allocations to agribusiness, discount and retail exchange, and the transport and communications sectors to meet long-term goals, while in the short term, maximizing the allocation of credit between the manufacturing sector, the financial intermediaries sector, and the transport and communications sector.

Internet penetration, financial access and new business formation: evidence from developing economies

PurposeThis study examines whether Internet penetration has a complementary effect on the relationship between financial access and new business formation in 57 developing economies from 2006 to 2018.Design/methodology/approachUsing the generalised least squares estimator, the authors employ a framework that allows us to distinguish between the marginal impact of financial access on new business formation in developing economies with high and low levels of Internet penetration rates. Furthermore, the authors distinguish between financial institutions and financial markets.FindingsThe authors find that increased accessibility for financial institutions promotes entrepreneurial activity, while financial market access has a negative relationship with new business formation. Furthermore, the authors find that the marginal impact of financial institution access increases in magnitude as Internet penetration increases. The effect does not hold for financial markets.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation lies in the measurement of new business formation, as it focuses on the formal entrepreneurial sector and overlooks the informal economy and entrepreneurs operating as sole proprietors.Practical implicationsPolicymakers should continue to promote the development of the information communication and technology sector and digitalisation policy while increasing financial accessibility in the financial system.Originality/valueThis study provides new empirical evidence on the greasing role of technology to leverage the impact of financial access on new business formation. Furthermore, the study distinguishes this effect by differentiating between financial institutions and markets.

Impact of Karot Hydro Power Project on Pakistan Economy

Pakistan has been facing the problem of energy crisis since 2007 and it has adversely affected the productivity and growth of the economy. To overcome this problem, under CPEC, 21 energy projects have been started in four provinces of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GB) and Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). This study tries to access the impact of the CPEC energy project located in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir referred to as the 720MW Karot hydropower project on the economy of Pakistan using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Based on Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2010-2011 and) Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, this study simulates the impact of Karot hydropower project on some of the macroeconomic variables. The simulated results reveal that real GDP and total exports to other countries increase owing to the investment in hydropower projects as well as an increase in the supply of electricity. Moreover, investment in the Karot hydropower project also increases the growth of the interlinked sectors such as manufacturing sector, transport, and communication, agriculture and services sector respectively. This study also observes that the real prices of factor input also increase which would have a direct impact on wellbeing of the people.

Food for thought: Immersive storyworlds as a way into scientific meaning‐making

AbstractScience communication aims to equip the public to become critical consumers of, advocates for, and sometimes producers of science. However, many studies suggest that audiences participating in such programs already benefit from strong cultural messages and social resources that encourage their engagement with science. The field is thus seeking to develop new models of science communication that can engage those who do not already seek out science engagement opportunities. In this article, we share findings from a study of an emerging sector of science communication that stages events in non‐science settings, such as nightclubs or music festivals. In particular, we examine a science communication program that leverages the genre of immersive storyworlds to engage non‐science‐seeking audiences at an annual country fair. Leveraging Bakhtin's conceptualization of carnival as a theoretical lens, we ask the questions: How do immersive storyworlds operate to attract and engage non‐science seeking public audiences in science conversations? In what ways do immersive storyworlds afford opportunities for participants to see science in relationship to themselves? We find that the storyworld creates an aesthetically and emotionally saturated context, with improvisational roles and routines that accommodate diverse perspectives and position participants' prior experiences and interests as the means for productive participation. Jointly producing the storyworld affords opportunities for belonging, which in turn appear to support sustained science conversations among participants and science communicators. The study contributes to the nascent evidence base for how such approaches might serve as an inclusive form of science communication, in particular by proposing new ways to think about “belonging” in science.

Case Study of Semiconducting Material

This electronic document is a “live” template and already There is no doubt that semiconductors changed the world beyond anything that could have been imagined before them. Although people have probably always needed to communicate and process data, it is thanks to the semiconductors that these two important tasks have become easy and take up infinitely less time than, e.g., at the time of vacuum tubes. Semiconductor materials are the building blocks of the entire electronics and computer industry. Small, lightweight, high speed, and low power consumption devices would not be possible without integrated circuits (chips), which consist of semiconductor materials. This paper provides a general discussion of semiconductor materials, their history, classification and the temperature effects in semiconductors. In this section we provide details about the impact of temperature on the MOSFET energy band gap, carrier density, mobility, carrier diffusion, velocity saturation, current density, threshold voltage, leakage current and interconnect resistance. We also provide the applications of semiconductor materials in different sectors of modern electronics and communications.

Happiness at Work among Public Relations Practitioners in Spain.

Happiness at work is a consolidated topic. Perhaps the PR and communication sector, often at the forefront of organizational change, is one of the industries where most progress has been made in this regard. The objective of the present study was to carry out an exploratory analysis on the extent to which PR is a profession that enables the development of happiness in the workplace. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of PR professionals in Spain (N = 256). The questionnaire consisted of the PERMA-profiler, a model where work relationships, engagement, positive affections/emotions, vital sense/purpose and achievements are measured. The results show a remarkable level of happiness among surveyed professionals, especially among women, who obtained higher scores on all five factors, although with a statistically significant difference only in two of the five factors in PERMA (Engagement and Relationships). Neither age nor the hierarchical level of the respondent had any incidence. Therefore, PR can be a profession that notably enables human flourishing at work, even more so among women.

East Java Economic Analysis on Sectoral and Regional Linkages (Inter Regional Input-Output Analysis)

East Java's economic recovery due to the Covid-19 pandemic is no better than the national economic recovery. In 2020, East Java's economic growth contracted by 2.33 percent (y-on-y), deeper than the national economy which contracted 2.07 percent (y-on-y). Moreover, when the national economy began to recover and grew to 3.69 percent (y-on-y) in 2021, East Java's economic growth only increased by 3.57 percent (y-on-y). These conditions indicate that the East Java economy is in need of appropriate and comprehensive policies to support the acceleration of economic recovery. Viewed from the high contribution of the Manufacturing Industry (C) sector to East Java's GRDP in recent years, this sector has the opportunity to be encouraged to grow. However, GRDP has not been able to explain the interlinkages between economic sectors that occur in a region. By using the 2016 IRIO table, input-output analysis can provide more complete and comprehensive information covering inter-sectoral and inter-regional linkages that cannot be captured only from GRDP figures. The results showed that the Manufacturing Industry (C), Electricity and Gas Procurement (D), and Information and Communication (J) sectors were the key sectors in East Java. These key sectors, especially Information and Communication (J) and Manufacturing Industry (C), have the potential to boost output in East Java as a whole. Spatially, seen from the input transaction pattern, among others, East Java transactions are dominated by transactions with other provinces on the island of Java, some provinces on the island of Kalimantan, as well as provinces in Eastern Indonesia (KTI), namely Bali-Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Maluku- Papua. The demand for intermediate input from KTI, especially Bali-Nusa Tenggara, is dominated by DKI Jakarta and East Java. Seeing the location of East Java which is closer to the provinces in KTI, makes it an opportunity to increase the supply of East Java's output to KTI.

A Contribution to Enhance the Panoramic Image Security via Cryptography and Shuffled Methods

Major changes have been accounted in the field’s of information technology(IT), the information that may in the form of audio, video and text, can be transferred anytime, from source to destination or vice versa that may located in anywhere in the World. The evolutions that have been made in the communication sectors, such wire and wireless networks, brought many merits for the end-users prospects, but at the same time, several vulnerabilities and threads have also been linked simultaneously with, and during the information exchanges. To keep the information secure before transmits from the source and receives at the destination, two generic security solutions are proposed which provide a significance security for the information that being travelled in the unsecure networks. First solution uses the cryptography mechanisms while the second solution employs a novel shuffling method, which deployed to enhance the security of information while travelling to the unsecured networks. In this study, the random sized panoramic images are considered as information that required to be secured over internet.

Investigating three-way interaction effect of transaction memory systems, task conflict and reward interdependence on team sensemaking

PurposeThis research aims to examine the relationship between transactive memory systems and team sensemaking in the presence of critical boundary conditions, namely, task conflict and reward interdependence.Design/methodology/approachThe data for Study 1 was collected from 304 team members who worked in 87 organizations in the Information, Communication and Technology sector of Pakistan. Study 2 is based on team-level data that was collected from 180 teams working in the New Product Development sector, with four to seven members in each team. The data tested the three-way interaction effect of the transactive memory systems, task conflict and reward interdependence on team sensemaking.FindingsResults have shown that transactive memory systems have a positive relationship with team sensemaking, particularly when both task conflict and reward interdependence were perceived to be high.Practical implicationsTo reap synergies, human resource managers should avoid disrupting team structures, assigning new members to a team or rotating team members very frequently. Moreover, if a team is experiencing high task conflict, reward interdependence may encourage conflict to remain constructive.Originality/valueThe current study is one of the first few attempts that examine the pivotal role of task conflict and reward interdependence as boundary conditions on transactive memory systems and team sensemaking. This research, therefore, highlights the role of transactive memory systems in enhancing team sensemaking at higher levels of task conflict and reward interdependence.

Implementation of Simplified Data Encryption Standard on FPGA using VHDL

In recent years, dramatic changed has been made in communication sector. Due to enormous development in communication devices, globally internet-connected network largely used in all human activities. The security of information has been becoming a major concern for all users and clients, whom depend on network system. The cryptography has played significant role to combat these challenges and improve confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data communication in the network. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is one of most familiar type of cryptography and widely used in the modern network system, which has been adopted in encryption and decryption a digital information for several decades. The DES is replaced by a number of new cryptographical methods, which based on DES, like AES and 3DES. In the same time some hardware tools have gained a lot of attention and become interested for researchers and academics to design and implement their model proposals with these hardware-based tools. Therefore, this paper, shows the design of a Simplified Data Encryption Standard (S-DES) by using VHDL language. The design is synthesized, compiled and implemented on the FPGA Altera board, which, consists Quartus II software environment, and Altera Cyclone IV 4CX150FPGA device. The S-DES has been successfully implemented with few numbers of logic elements.

The Effect Covid-19 and Sectoral Financing on Islamic Bank Profitability in Indonesia

COVID-19 pandemic has created a new economic crisis worldwide. Islamic Bank which was reportedly resilient against the financial crisis is expected to be stable in this period. Apart from that, Islamic Bank has channeled financing fund to various business sectors with different portions leading to a question whether they have different impact on Bank. This paper aims to discover the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and financing to business sectors on Islamic Bank profitability. An ARDL approach is employed for analysis. The result of the study shows that COVID-19 pandemic has a negative relationship with Islamic Bank profitability in the long-run. Furthermore, financing to transportation, warehousing and communication sectors is associated with higher profitability in the short-run. On the other hand, financing to wholesale and retail trade sectors hurt Islamic Bank profitability. Based on this result, it is suggested that Government impose some measures in stabilizing Islamic Bank’s performance during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, Islamic Banks are expected to make adjustment on financing to business sectors ratio accordingly in order to maintain the profitability of Islamic Bank.

Investigation of WDM-MDM PON employing different modulation formats

Advancement in the technology and optical communication sector has led to an increase in the demands of high bit rate and bandwidth, required for reliable data transmission. To meet such demands, future generation optical networks came into existence. In this paper, we propose a 100 Gbps, 4-channel WDM-MDM PON with two input wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1555 nm and using LP 01 and LP 11 modes. The system performance has been analyzed for different internal parameters considering return-to-zero (RZ), non-return-to-zero (NRZ), alternate mark inversion (AMI) and duobinary return-to-zero (DRZ) modulation schemes. DRZ modulation outperforms the other encoding schemes resulting in achievement of an acceptable bit error rate (BER) of ≤ 10−14 over 10 km of fiber length at a 25 Gbps data rate.

North South Connectivity: Opportunities and Challenges in National Security and Development

After the long decade civil conflict, Nepal has been moving through a transitional phase for the development and prosperity. Comparing among the landlocked state, the indicators depict low level of infrastructure development. Being landlocked and mountainous country, Nepal has high trading cost due to difficult geography and lack of reliable infrastructures, decreasing the competitiveness domestically and internationally. North South connectivity not only connects China and India but also revives the role of Nepal as land linked. Nepal is always trying to boost economic growth using liberalization, decentralization policy and now transforming the unitary state to federal state. The growing expectation of people towards prosperity and development has driven the state to make investment on large scale connectivity projects in transport, energy, aviation, communication sector. Having resource constraints, state should mobilize the scarce resources in rational and optimum ways to maximize the development opportunities and mitigate the security challenges and threats. Furthermore, it is necessary to assess both long term and short-term impact during strategic project formulation. This paper aims to identify opportunities and challenges of cross boarder connectivity in national security and development using various information and fact through secondary sources and with the examples of other nations sharing similar attributes. Findings suggested that Nepal should develop multimodal connectivity strategies while considering strategic location of Nepal and shall utilize international assistance and support while maintaining the relationship with neighbors, regional power and great power based on sovereign equality, mutual respect, and benefits. Further, this study contributes to policy makers and planners for the appraisal of strategically important projects.

Sustainable Economic Sectors in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam have a significantly different economic structure where the Brunei Darussalam economy is very much dominated by oil and gas, whereas Indonesia is dominated by the manufacturing, trade, and agriculture sectors. This paper aims to identify the economic sectors that have the potential to achieve Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) in both countries. Secondary data from several sources were processed using the multifactor evaluation process method. The results show that there are two economic sectors with equal potential in the two countries, namely, the Information and Communication Sector and the Business Activities Sector. The growth in these two sectors tends to increase; the addition of labor is greater than the increase in output, and they have a relatively limited environmental impact. However, this finding does not mean that other sectors cannot be sustained. On the contrary, they need regulations that will encourage a shift to an economic growth that cares about the environment and society, especially for crucial sectors such as agriculture as a food provider, and the manufacturing sector, which produces value added goods.

Novel Development of Corrosion Resistant Paint Using Printed Circuit Board from Modern Electronic Wastes

The growth in the industrial technology and communication sectors has enhanced the usage of electronic gadgets exponentially. Thus, it becomes highly essential to find new solution to utilize or dispose these e-wastes, in order to reduce the e-waste generation. Various reports mentioned that the major component of these e-wastes is their Printed Circuit Boards. Therefore, a new ideology is proposed to use these boards to produce a new coating with good corrosion resistance. At first the boards were separated from the discarded electronic appliances and various electrical elements were separated from these boards. Then the plain circuit boards are pulverized into fine particles and mixed with paint in 3 different proportions ranging from 1:4 to 1:2. The resulting mix was applied over the steel specimen and tested for corrosion resistance. The assessment was done in the aspects of contact angle, weight loss percentage, potentio dynamic polarization technique and electro chemical impedance spectroscopy. From the results it was clear that increase in the addition of printed circuit powder content in the corrosion proof paint coating enhanced the efficiency of the corrosion resistant behaviour 3.5 times than the specimen with uncoated steel specimens. This development of corrosion resistant behaviour of printed circuit powder was attributed from the inertness offered by the presence of silicon dioxides towards the corrosive fluids. Although, the coating of 1:2 proved to be optimum to protect the steel elements from the aggressive corrosion environment, by considering the workability aspects the 1:3 combination was suggested for the innovative development of anti-corrosion paint coating from the e-waste resources.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Life cycles of every electronic wastes end with the hazardous challenging disposals
 Innovative utilizations of these electronic wastes for the corrosion resistant structural applications were detailed
 An anti corrosive coating for steel reinforcement was developed from the waste printed circuit boards
 Coating by printed circuit board powder enhanced 3.5 times more protection from the corrosion
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Advancing index-based climate risk assessment to facilitate adaptation planning: Application in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China

One of the key issues in climate risk management is to develop climate resilient infrastructure so as to ensure safety and sustainability of urban functioning systems as well as mitigate the adverse impacts associated with increasing climate hazards. However, conventional methods of assessing risks do not fully address the interaction of various subsystems within the city system and are unable to consolidate diverse opinions of various stakeholders on their assessments of sector-specific risks posed by climate change. To address this gap, this study advances an integrated-systems-analysis tool - Climate Risk Assessment of Infrastructure Tool (CRAIT), and applies it to analyze and compare the extent of risk factor exposure and vulnerability over time across five critical urban infrastructure sectors in Shanghai and Shenzhen, two cities that have distinctive geo-climate profiles and histories of infrastructure development. The results show significantly higher level of variation between the two cities in terms of vulnerability levels than that of exposure. More specifically, the sectors of critical buildings, water, energy, and information & communication in Shenzhen have significantly higher vulnerability levels than Shanghai in both the 2000s and the 2050s. We further discussed the vulnerability levels of subsystems in each sector and proposed twelve potential adaptation options for the roads system based on four sets of criteria: technical feasibility, flexibility, co-benefits, and policy compatibility. The application of CRAIT is bound to be a knowledge co-production process with the local experts and stakeholders. This knowledge co-production process highlights the importance of management advancements and nature-based green solutions in managing climate change risk in the future though differences are observed across the efficacy categories due to the geographical and meteorological conditions in the two cities. This study demonstrates that this knowledge co-creation process is valuable in facilitating policymakers' decision-making and their feedback to scientific understanding in climate risk assessment, and that this approach has general applicability for cities in other regions and countries.

Sign Language Prediction Model using Convolution Neural Network.

The barrier between the hearing and the deaf communities in Kenya is a major challenge leading to a major gap in the communication sector where the deaf community is left out leading to inequality. The study used primary and secondary data sources to obtain information about this problem, which included online books, articles, conference materials, research reports, and journals on sign language and hand gesture recognition systems. To tackle the problem, CNN was used. Naturally captured hand gesture images were converted into grayscale and used to train a classification model that is able to identify the English alphabets from A-Z. Then identified letters are used to construct sentences. This will be the first step into breaking the communication barrier and the inequality. A sign language recognition model will assist in bridging the exchange of information between the deaf and hearing people in Kenya. The model was trained and tested on various matrices where we achieved an accuracy score of a 99% value when run on epoch of 10, the log loss metric returning a value of 0 meaning that it predicts the actual hand gesture images. The AUC and ROC curves achieved a 0.99 value which is excellent.