Communication Scores Research Articles

Relationships between cognitive flexibility performance and adaptive behavior outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumor

Objective: Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at increased risk of executive function (EF) and adaptive behavior difficulties. While previous research suggests that executive dysfunction impacts suboptimal adaptive outcomes, the specific elements of EF influencing this relationship remain unexplored. This study examines the relationship between cognitive flexibility and adaptive behavior in survivors compared to healthy controls. Methods: 86 survivors (M age(SD)=23.41(4.24), 44 females) and 86 controls (M age(SD)=23.09(4.50), 44 females) completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test (TMT) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). The Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) and Category Switching (CS) conditions were isolated as measures of cognitive flexibility. Informants provided responses to obtain adaptive behavior ratings using the Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R). Linear regressions explored relationships between cognitive flexibility and SIB-R scores in survivors compared to controls. Results: For both TMT and VFT, the relationship between cognitive flexibility and adaptive behavior was significantly different between survivors and controls for SIB-R scores in Social Communication, Community Living, and Personal Living Skills (p<.0125). Survivors’ better LNS performance predicted greater SIB-R scores across the same 3 domains (all p= <.001, r 2semipartial=.08). Similarly, survivors’ better CS performance predicted greater SIB-R scores across the same 3 domains (p = 0.002 to .02, r 2semipartial =.03 to .04). No significant relationships were found in controls (all p >.05). After adjusting for working memory and inhibitory control, most relationships remained significant in survivors (p= <.001 to .046, r 2semipartial=.02 to .08). Conclusion: These findings reveal a robust, positive relationship between cognitive flexibility performance and adaptive behaviors specific to survivors.

Satisfaction with mode of delivery of genomic sequencing results in a diverse national sample of research participants through the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Consortium

PurposeResearch that includes diverse patient populations is necessary to optimize implementation of telehealth. MethodsAs part of a Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Consortium cross-site study, we assessed satisfaction with mode of return of results (RoR) delivery across a diverse sample of participants receiving genetic testing results in person vs telemedicine (TM). ResultsNinety-eight percent of participants were satisfied with their mode of results delivery. Participants receiving results by TM were more likely to report a preference for receiving results in a different way and challenges with providers noticing difficulties with understanding. More than 90% reported satisfaction across all items measuring support and interaction during sessions. Participants self-reporting Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American race and ethnicity compared with White/European American, fewer years of education, and having lower health literacy were more likely to report challenges with understanding the information or asking questions. Participants who were White/European American, had more years of education, and higher health literacy reported higher communication scores, reflecting more positive evaluations of the communication experience. ConclusionTM is an acceptable mode of return of results delivery across diverse settings and populations. Research optimizing approaches for underrepresented populations, populations with lower levels of education and health literacy, and multilingual populations is necessary.

Effects of Social Media on Branding ——The Rise of Creative Advertising Marketing

In the Web2.0 era, social media has developed into the most compelling area in the global media industry and brought online users a fresher experience and more creative network communication application models. Both its social impact and economic development have become the new engine and growth point of the media industry. More and more brands and companies put their advertising budgets on social media advertising, because social media advertising is not only affordable but also able to accurately target the consumer group. The Internet word of mouth formed by social media is reshaping the relationship between brands and consumers. At the same time, the way audiences receive and disseminate information has undergone tremendous changes, and advertising creative communication is also facing huge challenges. This article will analyze the development process and trends of social media from the perspective of its core technology and communication characteristics, and then explore the social-psychological impact and cultural value of social media brought to brand communication.

Bringing competency-based communication training to scale: A multi-institutional virtual simulation-based mastery learning curriculum for Emergency Medicine residents

Purpose Serious illness communication skills are essential for physicians, yet competency-based training is lacking. We address scalability barriers to competency-based communication skills training by assessing the feasibility of a multi-center, virtual simulation-based mastery learning (vSBML) curriculum on breaking bad news (BBN). Methods First-year emergency medicine residents at three academic medical centers participated in the virtual curriculum. Participants completed a pretest with a standardized patient (SP), a workshop with didactics and small group roleplay with SPs, a posttest with an SP, and additional deliberate practice sessions if needed to achieve the minimum passing standard (MPS). Participants were assessed using a previously published BBN assessment tool that included a checklist and scaled items. Authors compared pre- and posttests to evaluate the impact of the curriculum. Results Twenty-eight (90%) of 31 eligible residents completed the curriculum. Eighty-nine percent of participants did not meet the MPS at pretest. Post-intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in checklist performance (Median= 93% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) and on all scaled items assessing quality of communication. All participants ultimately achieved the MPS. Conclusions A multi-site vSBML curriculum brought all participants to mastery in the core communication skill of BBN and represents a feasible, scalable model to incorporate competency-based communication skills education in a widespread manner.

Association between Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Children's Neurodevelopment: A Birth Cohort Study.

Research studies have showed that maternal diet may influence fetal neurodevelopment, but most studies have only assessed single nutrients or food groups. To investigate the impact of maternal prenatal dietary patterns during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. Study participants were obtained from the China National Birth Cohort. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition, was used to assess children's neurodevelopment at 36 months old. Maternal antenatal dietary data were collected over three trimesters using food frequency questionnaires. Five distinct maternal dietary patterns throughout pregnancy were identified by principal component analysis, namely protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary patterns, low-iron dietary patterns, pasta as the staple food dietary patterns, iron-rich dietary patterns, tubers, fruits, and baked food dietary patterns. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed for dietary patterns present in all three periods. Multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. Children of mothers who followed a high protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern trajectory during pregnancy presented better neurodevelopment, including higher gross motor and problem-solving scores. Furthermore, it was observed that children born of women with low-iron dietary patterns had poorer neurodevelopment. In detail, children born to mothers with a low-iron dietary pattern during the first trimester had lower problem-solving scores, while to those who were exposed to a low-iron dietary pattern in the second and third trimesters had lower gross motor scores. Additionally, children with mothers who had a low-iron dietary pattern in the third trimester had lower communication scores. A nutrition-balanced protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern and adequate iron dietary pattern for mothers throughout pregnancy may be beneficial to children's neurodevelopment.

Do Postsurgical Follow-Up Calls Reduce Unplanned 30-Day Readmissions in Neurosurgery Patients? A Quality Improvement Project in a University Hospital

Unplanned 30-day readmissions after surgery are a source of patient dissatisfaction, monitored by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, have financial penalties for hospitals and are publicly reported. Neurosurgical operations unfortunately have a higher 30-day unplanned readmission rate after the index discharge than other specialties. After a simple initiative for a 48-72-hour post discharge phone call, there was an observed significant drop-in readmission rate from 17% to 8% in 7 months at Thomas Jefferson University. To better understand the role of post operation phone calls for this reduction a retrospective evaluation over a longer period was performed. Assessment of quality improvement initiative using patient records between August 2018 and May 2023. The primary observed subject is the 30-day unplanned readmission rate and secondarily a change in physician communication score. 30-day unplanned readmission rate and physician communication scores before and after the phone call initiative were compared besides checking for difference, variance and correlation. 874 readmissions, average of 28 (95% CI 25.3 - 29.3) per month, 12.9% (95% CI 11.9 - 13.9) before phone call. 673 readmissions, average of 26 (95% CI 23 - 28.8) per month, 12.9% (95% CI 11.6 - 14.1) afterwards. Neither significant difference nor variance of scores or rates, nor correlation of rate with communication score was noted before and after the initiative. Phone calls and peri-discharge efficient communication is needed after neurological surgeries. This approach decreased unplanned readmissions in certain instances while not having a significant impact on neurosurgical patients.

Quality of life and sleep, depression, family functioning, and marital adjustment in patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

End-stage renal disease is different from other chronic diseases that the treatment method is as difficult. Our aim in this study was to compare marital adjustment, sexual functions and family functioning between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient. A total of 21 HD and 27 PD patients were included. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Golombok-Rust Inventory for Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were applied. BDI scores were significantly higher in HD patients (p < 0.001). According to FAD problem solving (p < 0.001), communication (p = 0.00) and general functioning scores (p = 0.04) were higher in PD. The rate of poor sleep quality was 44.4% in the PD group, and 66.7% in HD group (p = 0.12). General health (p = 0.04), vitality (p < 0.001), mental health (p = 0.00) and social functioning (p = 0.00) scores were lower in HD patients. HD patients are at high risk for psychiatric disorders due to the treatment modality. These patients should be monitored carefully and consultation-liaison services should be increased.

Acquisition of key clinical communication skills through simulation-based education: findings from a program for postgraduate psychiatry trainees (ComPsych)

ObjectiveFew studies have investigated the maintenance of skills acquired in classroom-based clinician education. Using an advanced simulation-based clinical communication skill training program for postgraduate psychiatry education (ComPsych), we aimed to investigate skill acquisition through assessing changes in competence (abilities) and performance (practice).MethodsForty trainee psychiatrists (15 males; age range 26–48) participated. Video-recorded Standardized Patient Assessments (SPAs) were delivered twice pre- and post-training to assess learning. Skills were coded by independent psychologists using the Core Communication Skills (CCS) coding system. Simulated patients (SPs) rated trainees' communication performance using the Sim-Patient SPA checklist. Paired t-tests, linear mixed models and logistic mixed models assessed changes in communication skills over time.ResultsFor SPAs, reliability of coder ratings was deemed acceptable (ICC range 0.67 to 0.87). Mean post-training communication performance significantly increased for skills in agenda setting (p < 0.001), information organization (p < 0.001), empathic skills (p = 0.046), and overall skills performance (p = 0.001). Significant decreases for questioning skills were indicative of reduced reliance on these skills post-training. SPs rated all skillsets higher post-training. A modest relationship was detected between frequency (coded) and (SP-rated) quality of communication skills. Improvements in agenda setting and information organisation skills were retained ~ 6 weeks post-training.ConclusionsTraining improved patient-centered communication skills in psychiatry trainees, particularly skills in agenda setting and information organization, with skills retained ~ 6 weeks post-training. There was reduced reliance on questioning skills, which are well utilised generally. The study supports the benefits of this method of communication skills training into postgraduate psychiatry education.

Decisional Conflict Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With Clinical T1 Renal Masses: A Prospective Study.

Because multiple management options exist for clinical T1 renal masses, patients may experience a state of uncertainty about the course of action to pursue (ie, decisional conflict). To better support patients, we examined patient, clinical, and decision-making factors associated with decisional conflict among patients newly diagnosed with clinical T1 renal masses suspicious for kidney cancer. From a prospective clinical trial, participants completed the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), scored 0 to 100 with < 25 associated with implementing decisions, at 2 time points during the initial decision-making period. The trial further characterized patient demographics, health status, tumor burden, and patient-centered communication, while a subcohort completed additional questionnaires on decision-making. Associations of patient, clinical, and decision-making factors with DCS scores were evaluated using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures per patient. Of 274 enrollees, 250 completed a DCS survey; 74% had masses ≤ 4 cm in size, while 11% had high-complexity tumors. Model-based estimated mean DCS score across both time points was 17.6 (95% CI 16.0-19.3), though 50% reported a DCS score ≥ 25 at least once. On multivariable analysis, DCS scores increased with age (+2.64, 95% CI 1.04-4.23), high- vs low-complexity tumors (+6.50, 95% CI 0.35-12.65), and cystic vs solid masses (+9.78, 95% CI 5.27-14.28). Among decision-making factors, DCS scores decreased with higher self-efficacy (-3.31, 95% CI -5.77 to -0.86]) and information-seeking behavior (-4.44, 95% CI -7.32 to -1.56). DCS scores decreased with higher patient-centered communication scores (-8.89, 95% CI -11.85 to -5.94). In addition to patient and clinical factors, decision-making factors and patient-centered communication relate with decisional conflict, highlighting potential avenues to better support patient decision-making for clinical T1 renal masses.

COMPREHENSIVE PRE-DISCHARGE SYMPTOMS ASSESSMENT IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR COVID-19 ALLOWS TO PREDICT PERSISTENCE OF SYMPTOMS AT 3 MONTHS

Objective: To study the prognostic value of survey-based respiratory, physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms assessment in hypertensive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in prediction of symptoms persistence at 3 months after discharge. Design and method: 88 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and a history of hypertension (mean age 57.8+-11.8 years, 53% female) underwent a comprehensive survey-based symptoms assessment 1-2 days prior to discharge that included MRC Dyspnea scale, CAT and CCQ questionnaires, HADS, the physical symptoms subscale of the EFTER-COVID questionnaire, and the Memory, Thinking, and Communication subscale of the SBQ-LC questionnaire. Marginal effects in logistic regression analysis were used to gauge the predictive value of resulting scores and separate symptoms. 500 SANN-based classification models were subsequently trained for various combinations of significant predictors, with an automatic ranging of obtained models by their predictive accuracy. Results: 77% of participants have reported an incomplete ecovery at 3 month after hospital discharge. In the order of decreasing predictive value for persistence of symptoms, significant (p &lt; 0,05) risk factors included EFTER-COVID physical symptoms score (Somers’ D-statistic = 0,63), HADS depression subscale (D = 0,58), SBQ-LC Memory, Thinking, and Communication score (D = 0,52), MRC dyspnea class (D = 0,45), and CAT score (D = 0,30); among the specific symptoms, significant predictors included dyspnea (D = 0,42), dizziness (D = 0,38), muscles and joints pain (D = 0,38), and difficulties in remembering things (D = 0,40). Out of the derived machine-learning based classification models, the optimal performance was observed for the one using gender, pre-discharge MRC dyspnea class, and summary scores on EFTER-COVID physical symptoms and SBQ-LC Memory, Thinking, and Communication subscales. The model exhibited a 100% predictive acccuracy in classifying the pre-specified test/validation subset of the study group into those who would subsequently report persistence of symptoms or complete recovery. Conclusions: Survey-based pre-discharge assessment of symptoms in hypertensive patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 yields a high prognostic value. The combination of gender and survey-based measures of dyspnea, physical and cognitive symptoms may be used in this setting to predict the persistence of symptoms at 3 months after hospital discharge.

Perception of human rights in health care: A cross-sectional study among tribal young adults of Puruliya, West Bengal.

Human rights provide a universal foundation for pursuing justice in public health in order to achieve the dignity of all individuals. In spite of international attempts to promote human rights in the context of health, a significant portion of India's indigenous population continues to have a limited understanding of these rights. This study aims to analyze tribal people's attitudes towards human rights in health care. The population consists of tribal residents from Manbazar - I and Puncha Blocks in the Puruliya district of West Bengal, India. Tribal young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 were the subject of a cross-sectional study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. MS Excel and SPSS 27 were used for analysis. A descriptive analysis was carried out. The participants' mean scores for awareness, accessibility and communication, autonomy and sexual and reproductive health and sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) were 8.06, 15.76, 7.35 and 32.52 revealing a moderate perception level among the young adult tribal population in the selected blocks. A holistic focus of the governmental and other non-governmental organizations towards the tribals is required. Introducing various aspects of human rights in healthcare in the education curriculum along with community outreach would by all likelihood improve the perception of 'Human Rights' and thus help in better utilization of various services including health among tribal populations in India.

The core competencies in disaster nursing of new graduate nurses in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional study

AimThis study aimed to assess the level of core competencies in disaster nursing of New Graduate Nurses (NGNs) and explore its influencing factors. BackgroundIn recent years, the overall frequency of disasters around the world has been on the rise. As the emerging workforce in clinical settings, NGNs play an integral role in future disaster relief efforts. NGNs’ level and influencing impact of core competencies in disaster nursing need to be understood. DesignA cross-sectional design. MethodsFrom June to September 2023, the Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing Scale - General Professional Nurse (CCDNS-GPN), designed according to the CCDN V2.0, was used to collect data from NGNs of six nursing schools and 15 hospitals in Guangdong, China. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the scores of core competencies in disaster nursing. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors. ResultsA total of 607 NGNs participated in this study. The scores of CCDNS-GPN of NGNs were 90.23 (SD 15.09) (score ratio: 51.56%), indicating a low level of core competencies in disaster nursing. The highest competency was the recovery (score ratio: 55.00%), while the lowest competency was the communication (score ratio: 45.44%). The predictor for core competencies in disaster nursing of NGNs were male (β = 0.091, p < 0.05), below bachelor’s degree (β = −0.109, p < 0.05), had received disaster nursing education at school (β = 0.087, p < 0.05), had participated in a disaster rescue drill at school (β = 0.140, p < 0.05), had been to the ICU during internship (β = 0.135, p < 0.05) and had the intention to be a disaster specialized nurse (β = 0.114, p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe NGNs exhibited insufficient core competencies in disaster nursing in Guangdong, China. Nursing schools and clinical institutions should collaborate and play their respective roles to enhance nurses' core competencies in disaster nursing, ensuring they can timely, safely and efficiently participate in disaster medical relief efforts.

Effects of mini-basketball training program on social communication impairments and regional homogeneity of brain functions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundSocial communication impairments (SCI) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is marked by challenges in social interaction. Although physical exercise has been shown to improve SCI, this finding has not been supported by comprehensive scientific evidence. Existing research has established a strong link between the SCI in children with ASD and abnormalities in regional homogeneity (ReHo). Therefore, investigating the effects of physical exercise on SCI and Reho in patients with ASD may help to elucidate the neurological mechanisms involved.MethodsThe present study included 30 preschool children diagnosed with ASD, with 15 participants in each group (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) based on routine behavioral rehabilitation, while the control group only received routine behavioral rehabilitation. The Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) was employed to assess SCI in both groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technology was used to evaluate ReHo in both groups.ResultsAfter 12-week of MBTP, significant group × time interactions were observed between the experimental and control groups in total SRS-2 scores (F = 14.514, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.341), as well as in the domains of social cognition (F = 15.620, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.358), social communication (F = 12.460, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.308), and autistic mannerisms (F = 9.970, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.263). No statistical difference was found in the scores for the social awareness subscale and social motivation subscale in the group × time interaction (all p > 0.05). The experimental group exhibited increased ReHo in the right Cerebellum_Crus1 and right parahippocampal gyrus, coupled with decreased ReHo in the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral), left postcentral gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus. Furthermore, a decrease in ReHo in the left postcentral gyrus positively correlated with changes in social communication scores in SCI behaviors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study underscores the effectiveness of a 12-week MBTP in ameliorating SCI and abnormalities in ReHo among preschool children with ASD.Trial registrationThe trial is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024973; August 5, 2019).

Social Networks and Communication Impairment: Racial Differences Among Stroke Survivors

Purpose: Recent evidence highlights the importance of social networks—the composition of social relationships—and their characteristics in stroke recovery. This study explores the relationship between social networks and poststroke communication outcomes. Method: A cohort of 30 non-Hispanic Black ( n = 12) and non-Hispanic White ( n = 18) adult stroke survivors completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Communication subtest and the Stroke Social Network Scale (SSNS). The SSNS captures elements of social networks including satisfaction and contact with friends, relatives, children, and groups. The relationship between the SIS Communication subtest scores and SSNS scores was explored using ordinal Bayesian regression estimation models adjusting for sex, age, time postonset, marital status, and stroke type. Results: Average SIS Communication scores differed ( t = 2.07, p = .335) between White ( M = 81.75, SD = 22.90) and Black ( M = 95.71, SD = 4.95) participants, but SSNS Comprehensive scores were similar between the two groups ( t = −0.89, p = 1.00). SSNS children subtest scores were higher among the Black than the White ( t = −1.73, p = .0473) participants. Similarly, satisfaction subtest scores were comparatively higher among Black than White participants ( t = 1.85, p = .451). SSNS Satisfaction, Friends, and Groups subtest scores were positively associated with SIS Communication, indicating strong associations with lower impairment. SSNS Children subtest scores were negatively related to SIS, indicating higher impairment. Although most subtest associations were similar for both groups, the associations with SSNS Children and Friends subtests differed between racial groups. Conclusions: Levels of communication impairment were correlated with child, friendship, and group attachments among participants. However, strong social ties to children and friends had different associations among racial groups.

Nurse-mother communication and support: Perceptions of mothers in neonatal units

IntroductionHaving a hospitalized neonate is a stressful experience for parents, especially mothers. Thus, in recent years, a paradigm shift occurred in the neonatal units, focusing on the needs of parents and supporting them in addition to caring for neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nurse-mother communication and support in neonatal units in Bushehr, Iran. MethodThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in neonatal units of 6 hospitals in Bushehr, Iran, in 2022. Using the census method, all eligible mothers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data collection tools included demographic information form, nurse-parent support tool and nurse-parent communication questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. ResultsThe total mean score of nurse-parent support tool was 3.72 ± 0.72 and the total mean score of nurse-parent communication questionnaire was 59/27 ± 12/82. Caregiving support had the highest mean score (4.07 ± 73 0.73) and emotional support had the lowest (3.42 ± 91 0.91). Also, a statistically significant difference was seen between the admitted unit variable and the mean score of nurse-mother communication and support. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the mechanical ventilation status of the neonate and the mean score of nurse-mother support. A significant positive correlation was seen between the neonatal gestational age and the mean score of nurse-mother communication. ConclusionsThe total mean score of nurse-parent support and communication was moderate. Therefore, nursing support and communication need to be improved. Planning is needed to enhance the role of neonatal nurses and strengthen their support and communication skills in line with the family-centered care approach.

Call me Ishmael: addressing the white whale of team communication in the operating room with labelled surgical caps at an academic medical centre

IntroductionEffective communication in the operating room (OR) is crucial. Addressing a colleague by their name is respectful, humanising, entrusting and associated with improved clinical outcomes. We aimed to enhance team...

Peer bullying in adolescents and related factors

Abstract:&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of peer bullying and exposure in adolescents and the factors associated with these behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a high school between February 2016 and November 2017. The study population was 203students. The 2013-2014 version of the questionnaire form (HBSCQ) used in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study of the World Health Organization was used as the measurement tool. Logistic regression analysis was used to show the effect of social support to bullying. Results: The frequency of being exposed to peer bullying was 19.8%, and performing bullying was 23.7%.Being exposed to peer bullying was observed with a higher rate in those who migrated from another city. The average peer support score, family support score, and family communication score were significantly lower in those who were exposed to bullying. The behavior of bullying was observed with a significantly higher rate in those with fewer siblings, had negative opinions about the school and involved in a physical fight. According to the logistic regression analysis results, family support score was found to be protective against exposure to bullying. The protective effect of family communication and peer support scores continued to be significant after the adjustment. Conclusions: The results of the present research have shown that social support is effective in dealing with bullying and reducing bullying.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Adolescent, peer bullying, school health, social support

Abstract 1008: Pilot evaluation of an online course for primary care providers on preparing patients for cancer discussions with their oncologists

Abstract Introduction: Cancer clinical trial (CCT) accrual is only 5-8%, and barriers to participate can be more acute for underserved groups. Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities, older adults, adolescents, and young adults is not adequate to understand treatment outcomes unique to these populations. Education before seeing an oncologist can increase patients’ willingness to ask and consider receiving treatment through a CCT. Because primary care providers (PCPs) interact with patients during diagnosis, provide ongoing care, and are a trusted source of information, they can educate and normalize inquiries about therapeutic CCTs. The aim of this study was to pilot test an innovative, tailored online CCT course for PCPs. Methods: To participate, PCPs (MD, DO, NP, or PA) had to provide care in an outpatient setting, refer patients to a cancer treatment specialist in the past year, and be an English speaker residing in the U.S. or its territories. PCPs were recruited from Clinical Directors Network, University of Pennsylvania, and University of Florida. The 1-hour online course includes four modules hosted by a PCP and radiation oncologist with video segments of a CCT expert who summarized CCT recruitment research. Participants interact with patient scenarios and learn about the patient’s cancer diagnosis and medical/personal background. Videos of actors playing the roles of patient and doctor demonstrate communication skills taught in the course. PCPs completed short surveys prior to and immediately after completing the course. Results: 28 PCPs participated. PCPs were mainly MDs (88.9%), residents (17, 60.7%), White (46.4%), non-Hispanic/Latino (92.9%), and 50% women. Mean knowledge of CCTs scores (0-100%) increased significantly from pre (M=56.7, SD=17.5) to post (M=82.1, SD=12; p&amp;lt;.001) indicating that PCPs answered more true/false statements about CCTs correctly after training. Using a 1-5 scale with 5=strongly agree, PCPs’ attitudes and beliefs scores also increased significantly from pre (M=4.2, SD=.6) to post (4.7, SD=.4, p&amp;lt;.001) indicating that PCPs were more likely to agree they have a role in their patients’ cancer treatment, including CCTs, after training. Using the same scale, PCPs’ willingness to communicate about CCTs increased significantly from pre (M=4.4, SD= .5) to post (M=4.7, SD=.5, p=.007), indicating that PCPs were more willing to engage with patients diagnosed with cancer before referring them to a cancer specialist after training. Conclusions: Significant pilot findings in knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and communication scores demonstrate that the online course was effective at educating PCPs about CCTs, and improving PCPs’ attitudes about the CCT referral process, and their willingness to engage in their patients’ cancer care. Future research will include a larger sample and explore the course’s impact on PCP’s referral behavior. Citation Format: Alyssa Crowe, Elisa S. Weiss, Margo Michaels, Domenic Durante, Maria Sae-Hau, Andrea Cassells, Carla L. Fisher, Jason Arnold, Taylor Vasquez, Ana Natale-Pereira, Raymond Mailhot, Zhongyue Zhang, Carma L. Bylund. Pilot evaluation of an online course for primary care providers on preparing patients for cancer discussions with their oncologists [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1008.

Age-related effects on a hierarchical structure of canine cognition

The current study investigates whether there are statistically independent age-related influences on the canine cognitive structure and how individual factors moderate cognitive aging on both cross-sectional and longitudinal samples. A battery of seven tasks was administered to 129 pet dogs, on which exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to unveil the correlational structure underlying individual differences in cognitive performance. The best-fitting model featured a hierarchical structure with two first-order cognitive domains (individual problem solving, learning) and a second-order common factor. These higher order factors exhibited consistency over a period of at least 2.5 years. External validation linked the common factor positively to discrimination and reversal learning performance, exploration, neophilia, activity/excitability, and training level while negatively to cognitive dysfunction symptoms, suggesting that it is a good candidate for a general cognitive factor (canine g). Structural equation models identified three distinct age-related influences, operating on associative learning, on memory, and on canine g. Health status moderated the negative age-canine g relationship, with a stronger association observed in dogs with poorer health status, and no relationship for dogs in good health. On a longitudinal sample (N = 99), we showed that the direction and magnitude of change in canine g over up to 3 years is affected by various interactions between the dogs’ age, communication score, baseline performance, and time elapsed since the baseline measurement. These findings underscore the presence of a general cognitive factor in dogs and reveal intriguing parallels between human and canine aging, affirming the translational value of dogs in cognition and aging research.

Effect of simulation-based training workshop on obstetric emergency team collaboration and communication: a mixed study.

To explore the effects of simulation-based midwife training workshops and determine whether such a program can improve team collaboration and communication. Simulation training improves communication, team cooperation, critical thinking, and situational awareness. This mixed study was conducted September 15-18, 2021. Participants included 23 obstetricians and midwives who completed 2 days of simulation training, including communication, skills, teamwork, single technical operation, and scene running. The Clinical Teamwork Scale was used before and after the comparison, and the data were analyzed using a phenomenological analytic process. The total team cooperation, transparent thinking, closed-loop communication, overall decision-making, clear responsibility, and leadership scores of the trainees were significantly higher after than before the training. The experience of attending a simulated training workshop can be divided into two themes: innovative ways of offering training and active learning. Three key themes emerged from each category: education combined with recreation; full participation in interactions; and teamwork and communication. (1) application of knowledge (2) dissemination, and (3) sublimation of knowledge. This study's findings indicated a good experience and higher team cooperation score among midwives participating in simulation-based training in China, the value of our work is to show that the researched teaching methods, although published in other contexts, are also valuable in the Chinese context, suggesting that they will pass on the methods and concepts of the simulated training to others and change the current status of classroom teaching, which is its most meaningful practical training effect. These results imply that simulation-based midwife training for obstetric emergencies is required to improve the comprehensive ability of midwives to address obstetric emergencies, thereby improving maternal clinical outcomes. Neither patients nor the public were involved in this study, and the midwives and obstetricians voluntarily participated.