Characteristics Of Communication Networks Research Articles

Collaborative dynamics in open source software development: Unveiling the influence of team interaction and the role of project manager

AbstractAs the world becomes increasingly reliant on open‐source software (OSS) development platforms, collaborative communication networks are becoming more complex, resulting in non‐trivial effects on project performance. This study examines the impact of communication network characteristics on project performance, measured in terms of the number of issues closed within OSS projects. Additionally, this research examines how this project outcome is affected by project managers' active participation in these communication networks. Using a panel dataset of 1599 projects spanning 104 weeks, with a total of 120,243 observations, we find that the density of communication network has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with project performance, that is, as the density of the communication network formed by team member interactions increases, project performance initially increases but then starts to decrease. Meanwhile, a project manager's participation in the communication network has no direct positive impact on project performance, but it flattens the inverted U‐shaped relationship, that is, it reduces the rate of decrease in project performance after the density of the communication network formed by project team members crosses the inflection point. These results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of communication networks in OSS projects and can help develop strategies for improving project performance.

Convergence analysis of distributed population dynamics based on second-order Delaunay triangulation

This article proposes a second-order communication network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation for a large-scale population. Given the complexity of communication network characteristics, the relationship between network topology and the convergence of Nash equilibrium needs further exploration. We propose a network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation to ensure the Nash equilibrium convergence of population dynamics. To speed the convergence of large-scale populations, we introduce a second-order communication network and form the distributed population dynamics for investigation. We also design a learning rule for strategic interactions to fit the second-order network population. The corresponding Nash equilibrium can converge from the perspectives of both numerical analysis and simulation results. In addition, we explore how the learning intensity influences the evolutionary process. These results may provide new ideas for guaranteeing convergence and developing the strategic interaction rule.

Network Architecture for IEC61850-90-5 Communication: Case Study of Evaluating R-GOOSE over 5G for Communication-Based Protection

The smart grid includes wide-area applications in which inter-substation communication is required to realize innovative monitoring, protection, and control solutions. Internet-based data exchange, i.e., communication over Internet Protocol (IP), is regarded as the latest trend for inter-substation communication. Interoperability can be achieved via the use of standardized IEC 61850-90-5 messages communicating over IP. Wide-area applications can obtain benefits from IP-multicast technologies and use a one-to-many communication model among substations communicating across a communication network. Cellular Internet is being considered as a potential cost-efficient solution which can be used for the IP-multicast communication. However, it requires knowledge of communicating uncommon IP-multicast traffic over the Internet. Moreover, it presents challenges in terms of cybersecurity and real-time requirements. These challenges must be overcome to realize authentic and correct operation of the wide-area applications. There is thus a need to examine communication security and to evaluate if the communication network characteristics satisfy the application real-time requirement. This paper investigates the secure communication of IEC61850-90-5 multicast messages over the public communication network and proposes two network architectures using the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel and multipoint GRE (mGRE) within Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN). Additionally, this paper evaluates the feasibility of cellular (5G and 4G) Internet for the communication of multicast Routable Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (R-GOOSE) messages in wide-area protection applications. For this purpose, we introduce a lab setup to experiment the transmission of R-GOOSE messages within the proposed network architectures. The lab setup contains both software and hardware components. A software application is developed to publish multicast R-GOOSE with a fresh timestamp acquired from time synchronization equipment. These messages are transmitted over the Internet by computer networking devices that support cellular communication. The communication latency of the transmitted messages is measured and analyzed statistically. The statistical analysis results are discussed to evaluate performance of R-GOOSE over cellular Internet for two communication-based protection applications: Logic Selectivity and Loss-of-Main protection schemes.

Methodological aspects of organizing monitoring of the functional characteristics of communication networks

Methodical aspects of organization of monitoring of functional characteristics of communication networks are considered. A classification of communication networks and their functional characteristics, a formalized description of the process of monitoring the functional characteristics of communication networks are presented. The results of research on the implementation of monitoring processes for the functional characteristics of communication networks are presented

Design of Integrated Operation and Maintenance Monitoring System for Information Communication Network

The existing monitoring system has the problem of imperfect database, which leads to low data processing efficiency. Therefore, a comprehensive integrated operation and maintenance monitoring system for information and communication networks is designed. Hardware part: effectively optimize the main control board of the system, connect the power interface and other accessories; software part: extract information and communication network characteristics, measure the distance between nodes, build an integrated comprehensive database, calculate data sampling frequency, establish operation and maintenance monitoring mode, and divide administrators. The permission level, combined with the relevance of the warning information, set the system warning function. The simulation experiment results show that the designed information and communication network integrated integrated operation and maintenance monitoring system has higher data processing efficiency under different communication overhead data packet conditions, which proves that the actual application value of the designed operation and maintenance monitoring system is greater high.

Social network analysis of change management processes for communication assessment

Change management requires effective communication between diverse project participants to control delays and costs. This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to the change order process, mining tremendous volumes of change-order data. Furthermore, this study evaluates change-order related social network characteristics. SNA measures structural characteristics of the communication network at project, inter-organizational, change-order and time-dependent levels. Communication data are extracted from a project and used as a case study. This study describes how individuals are engaged in and impact the communication network, and emphasizes the significance of effective communication in process-efficiency enhancement. The results quantitatively illustrate the communication network and highlight the roles that key participants play. Key participants who influence the social network are revealed at different levels of the study. This research contributes to the literature by applying SNA to discover social networks in the change management process, and to provide better insight into communication network characteristics.

Preliminary Exploration of the Reliability of Civil Aviation ATC Communication Network

In this paper, the factors affecting the reliability of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication system in operation are analyzed. From the perspective of the ATC communication network characteristics, the ideas and methods for reliability research on the ATC communication system are proposed. At the same time, the civil aviation communication network is taken as an example to explore the construction of the backup system for the communication network, the steps of evaluation methods, and the reliability management ideas.

Distributed Control and Communication Strategies in Networked Microgrids

Networked microgrids (NMGs) provide a promising solution for accommodating various distributed energy resources (DERs) and enhancing the system performance in terms of reliability, resilience, flexibility, and energy efficiency. With the penetration of MGs, the communication-based distributed control is playing an increasingly important role in NMGs for coordinating a multitude of heterogeneous and spatially distributed DERs, which feature enhanced efficiency, reliability, resilience, scalability, and privacy-preserving as compared with conventional centralized control. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey of distributed control and communication strategies in NMGs. We provide thorough discussions and elaborate on: 1) Essential merits of MGs and NMGs, and their practical implementations; 2) Distributed communication network characteristics and specific operation objectives of NMGs; 3) Classifications of distributed control strategies in NMGs and their salient features; 4) Communication reliability issues concerning data timeliness, data availability, and data accuracy, and the development of countermeasures; 5) Advancements in several promising communication and computation technologies and their potential applications in NMGs.

CASeS: Concurrent Contingency Analysis-Based Security Metric Deployment for the Smart Grid

Security metric deployment is of immense importance for power utilities especially in future smart grids, which are being actively pursued in smart cities initiatives around the world. Through these metrics, utilities attain real-time awareness of the grid’s security posture. In this paper, we propose a contingency analysis based security evaluation framework for smart grid systems - CASeS. Based on the power flow equations of the grid, communication network characteristics, and concurrent power contingencies, CASeS leverages Markovian Decison Processes (MDP) to quantify the smart grid security. The security index delivered through CASeS emerges as a novel solution for concurrent power contingency consideration, and allows for the preparation of corrective actions to address the quantified grid criticality level. We evaluate CASeS on the standard IEEE 14-Bus and 39-Bus systems. The collected results demonstrate the usefulness of CASeS in quantifying the security of those systems.

The effect of safety communication network characteristics on safety awareness and behavior in a liquefied natural gas terminal

Relatively few studies have investigated the safety awareness and behavior that are substantially influenced by the characteristics of safety communication. It is very important to comprehend what kind of attributes play a role in adequate safety information flow in a communication network. For these reasons, the current study aimed to explore the effectiveness of safety communication on safety awareness and behavior. The data were collected by performing interviews with employees of teams at a liquefied natural gas terminal located in Pyeongtaek, South Korea. A social network analysis (SNA) was applied to visualize the pattern of the safety communication network and calculate the typical SNA metrics such as density, tie strength, betweenness and degree centrality. In addition, the number of communication channels was also considered as a crucial differentiator between teams. Then, a correlation analysis was applied to investigate the impact of calculated SNA metrics on safety awareness and behavior. As a result, density, tie strength, degree centrality and the channel variety showed a direct influence on safety awareness and behavior. Conversely, betweenness centrality was not an active metric. This study demonstrated that raising the level of SNA metrics such as density, tie strength and degree centrality, and using various channels to communicate safety information within teams, could support better safety awareness and behavior.

Modeling and impact analysis of interdependent characteristics on cascading failures in smart grids

Smart grids are increasingly interactive with communication networks and have even become interdependent networks. The majority of previous research has assumed that a minor failure might evolve into cascading failures through interactive interdependency. However, in the interdependent power grids and communication networks, the point-to-point interdependency is embedded based on certain topological characteristics rather than at random. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of different interdependencies and structure characteristics of communication networks on cascading failures in power grids. An interactive cascading model for power grids and coupled communications systems is proposed based on the redistribution of DC power flow and the routing of the open shortest path first (OSPF) strategy with consideration of the abnormal transmission, and the interdependency is analyzed numerically. Quantification of the different types of interdependencies illustrates that greater interdependency leads to a lower probability of a large blackout. Furthermore, a threshold value for the transmission inefficiency of communication networks is shown in the cascading process. The most of the power system can be functional when the transmission inefficiency is under the threshold value. Comparison of the threshold values in the double-star and the mesh communication networks illustrates that the heterogeneous characteristics of the double-star structure provide better control to mitigate cascading failures.

Cable Market Power: The Never Ending Story of Consumer Overcharges and Excess Corporate Profits in Video and Broadband

The never ending story of the abuse of cable market power in the multichannel video programming distribution (MVPD) and the broadband Internet access service (BIAS) markets involves the central themes of communications policy over the past fifty years. Public policy must create the conditions for competition and entry. However, the economic characteristics of communications networks make it extremely difficult for workable competition to grow and inevitably lead to the abuse of market power, if regulation is too light or deregulation is premature. Cable TV needed policies like local franchises and guaranteed access to programming under the compulsory license §111 of the 1976 Copyrights Act to get off the ground. Cable quickly became the dominant video transmission and Congress twice deregulated cable long before competition existed. Cable abused its market power to raise consumer prices and prevent entry of new video distribution systems, like head-to-head (intramodal) competition from overbuilders and intermodal competition from new technologies like satellite (intermodal competition). Today, cable operators and broadcasters team up to vigorously resist the entry of Internet-based competition and consumers still suffer from the billions of dollars of overcharges as a result. Internet-based cable operators like Filmon, who are the best hope for competition, qualify for the same compulsory license that wireline cable operators have used for four decades.

Communication network structure parameters and new knowledge generation capabilities in companies engaged in industry control system engineering projects

Engineering companies engaged in business of industry control systems need to manage the processes of generation of innovations within and across their projects. Generation and diffusion of innovations materialize through the communication networks of project teams. Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that the characteristics of communication networks play role in generation of new knowledge. With the data from 14 industry control system projects of a Russian engineering company the communication network structure characteristics were calculated and the analysis of correlation between these characteristics and knowledge generation capabilities was performed. As a result correlation between centralization of communication and the number of new technical solutions developed in projects was discovered.

일반기업의 IT조직 내 직원간 의사소통 네트워크 분석: K사(社)를 중심으로

이 연구의 목적은 일반기업의 IT조직에서 형성되는 의사소통 네트워크 특성을 분석함으로써 IT직원들 간의 상호 협력 네트워크 구축 및 일반기업에서 전문화된 IT조직의 운영 개선에 시사점을 주고자 하였다. K(사)社의 IT조직에 근무하는 39명의 직원을 대상으로 설문 조사와 면담 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집한 자료는 네트워크 분석법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 의사소통 영역별로 직원들 간에 강한 연결, 약한 연결 혹은 집중형 구조, 분산형 구조의 모습을 보이며 다양하게 네트워크가 형성되어 있었다. 대표적으로 IT역량관련 네트워크는 약한 연결인 성긴 네트워크를 보였다. 직장생활 관련 네트워크는 중앙 집중적이고 위계적인 특성을 보였으며, 각 네트워크의 중심에는 각 팀의 부장 및 관리자들이 차지하고 있었다. 이러한 결과의 개선 방안으로 IT역량 관련 네트워크의 활성화, 업무집중 현상 개선, IT조직의 의사소통 네트워크에 대한 연구자료의 축적을 제언으로 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to give implications for cooperative network building for general corporate IT staffs as well as operational improvement of the IT organization which is a specialized unit in general company though analysis of characteristics of communication networks of the IT organization. 39 IT employees of company "A" were surveyed and interviewed, and the data collected were analyzed in a network analysis method. The analysis shows that a variety of networks were built across employees - e.g. strong/weak ties or centralized/decentralized structure - by each communication area. IT competency network was found weak ties. Career-rela ted network showed centralized and hierarchical characteristics. At the center of each network was positioned manager of each team. To address improvement of the findings, I presented the followings: more active networking over IT competency, enhancement of work centralization and collection of research data as to communication network of IT organization.

Design of embedded mobile GIS for customizable data wireless transmission

The embedded Geographics Information System ( GIS) system for customizable wireless data transmission consists of hardware component, data center server, and software system. Taking NXP ARM microprocessor as the core and combining the General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS) communication network characteristics, the authors focused on the design process of embedded GIS system for customizable data wireless transmission, proposed the implementation scheme in detail, analyzed the hardware component design process, the firmware program development process and customizable data based on Extensible Markup Language ( XML) implementation process. Finally, a confirming platform based on automobile remote faulty diagnosis and maintenance system was constructed. The experimental results show this system realizes the function of embedded GIS for customizable data wireless transmission system, and it has good flexibility, extendibility and maintainability.

Communication Network Characteristics of Open Source Communities

Empirical research has shown that social network structure is a critical success factor for various kinds of work groups. The authors extended this research to a new type of work group—the open source software project community—with the objective of exploring the role of communication networks within these intriguing projects. Using archival data from 143 open source project groups, the authors compiled six measures of social network structure and analyzed these in relation to four measures of group success. This study found that the social network structures of these project communities did not appear to be critical success factors at all, but rather they had no significant impact on success or their effect was opposite of that seen in prior studies of work groups. Various conjectures were suggested that might explain these results, offering opportunities for further research.

A delay distribution based stability analysis and synthesis approach for networked control systems

Communication delays in networked control systems (NCSs) has been shown to have non-uniform distribution and multifractal nature. This paper proposes a delay distribution based stability analysis and synthesis approach for NCSs with non-uniform distribution characteristics of network communication delays. A stochastic control model related with the characteristics of communication networks is established to describe the NCSs. Then, delay distribution-dependent NCS stability criteria are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Also, the maximum allowable upper delay bound and controller feedback gain can be obtained simultaneously from the developed approach by solving a constrained convex optimization problem. Numerical examples showed that the results derived from the proposed method are less conservativeness than those derived from the existing methods.

The Potential for Competition in Network Communications Industries

Is monopoly the market outcome for a network industry without regulation? Policy related to network communications industries historically has been based on the assumption that the characteristics of these industries will lead to high concentration, and ultimately monopoly. However, current economic theory and empirical evidence is insufficient to determine the industry structure of these markets without regulation. This paper provides a formal framework - The Network Pricing Game - to identify when competition between communications networks is a sustainable market outcome. The Network Pricing Game is a stylized model developed in this paper to reflect the characteristics of communications networks, namely significant fixed costs and friction in switching for subscribers, and to focus on a competing network firm's exit decision. The results of The Network Pricing Game show that the sustainability of competition between networks is influenced by initial market share allocations, propensity of subscribers to switch networks, fixed costs of operations, a market's monopoly price and marginal cost. These results are used to explain observed market structure in different network communications markets, namely local telephone and broadband Internet access. The analysis in this paper shows that monopoly is the market outcome in some network communications markets, but not all. An important implication of the Network Pricing Game results is that policy must be designed to meet market conditions. In some markets, competition will result without regulation. In other markets, where competition is not sustainable, policymakers may choose to promote competition through regulatory intervention, thereby preventing monopoly where it is the market outcome. In particular, the relationship of initial disparity in market shares to the potential for competition found in this paper makes the timing of intervention critical. In some markets where monopoly is in the mature market, earlier-stage regulatory intervention may prevent this inevitable monopoly.

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DIVISION.

Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings includes abstracts of all papers and symposia presented at the annual conference, plus 6-page abridged versions of the “Best Papers” accepted for inclusion in the program (approximately 10%). Papers published in the Proceedings are abridged because presenting papers at their full length could preclude subsequent journal publication. Please contact the author(s) directly for the full papers. ArticlesPRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DIVISION.Published Online:13 Dec 2017https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1993.10322589AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsDownload CitationsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AbstractThe article presents several research papers which discuss various issues related to the production and operations management division of corporations. The paper "Value Orientations, Communication Networks, and Their Effects on Continuous Improvements" views continuous improvement (CI) as key in managing quality. The paper contrasts the process orientation and results orientation of key factors and shows that process orientation is more highly associated with effective CI implementation. The paper also identifies communication network characteristics critical in the propagation of CI philosophy. The paper "A Working Definition For Total Quality Management (TQM) Researchers" develops a definition of TQM to serve reference point for those interested in doing research on this important topic. The paper "An Empirical Examination for Practices Associated With Plant Cycle Time" presents a research which proposes a method for measuring plant cycle-time and a model which includes management and exogenous variables. The model is evaluated using empirical data. Practices which enhance process control, repetitive processes and stabilization of supply and demand are significantly related to plant cycle-time.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 1993, No. 1 Permissions Metrics in the past 12 months History Published online 13 December 2017 Published in print 1 August 1993 InformationCopyright of Academy of Management Journal is the property of Academy of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.KeywordsPRODUCTION managementTOTAL quality managementBENCHMARKING (Management)PROCESS controlCOMMUNICATION in managementSUPPLY & demandDownload PDF

Maintenance and Operating Characteristics of Communication Networks

The communication facilities of a communication network constitute a stochastic service system. To maintain such a network, an optimal distribution of the given manpower to stations is desirable, and this paper considers such a distribution under the assumption that the maintenance capability of an m-man team is mr (O ≦ r ≦ 1) times the maintenance capability of a single-man team. The method employed is the Lagrange multiplier, which, aided by charts, produces optimal numbers of service windows as well as numbers of men to be assigned. Finally, for known statistical maintenance data, the paper considers operating characteristics of the network such as average up time and down time, average number of renewals (ups or downs) in an interval [0, T], availability, restoration rate, failure rate of a connection, etc.