Information Communication System Research Articles

Efficient and Compressed Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumour Classification With Explainable AI for Smart Healthcare and Information Communication Systems

ABSTRACTThe detection of brain tumours presents a significant challenge in the medical domain, where prompt and precise diagnosis is crucial as patient outcomes depend on it. Conventional deep neural networks perform well in carrying out various imaging tasks within the healthcare sector; however, their effectiveness often falls short of expectations in practical applications due to the substantial computational resources required and issues with reliability. In this research, an optimised and effective deep learning model founded on the DenseNet‐169 architecture is introduced for the classification of magnetic resonance imaging brain tumours, which is particularly advantageous for smart healthcare systems and information and communication technology (ICT) settings with limited computational capabilities. The model compression methodologies, including pruning and quantization, have been employed to significantly diminish the dimensions and intricacy of the model while achieving a classification accuracy of 97.07%. Furthermore, this endeavour necessitates the enhancement of the model's interpretability through the utilisation of explainable artificial intelligence methodologies such as Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad‐CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which will aid clinicians in highlighting crucial areas of the images and validating feature importance concerning the decisions rendered by the model. A comparative performance evaluation is conducted against DenseNet‐169, ResNet‐50 and various other models to delineate the superior efficacy of our model, rendering it exceptionally adept for knowledge‐driven, real‐time brain tumour diagnosis within smart healthcare and ICT systems where resources are constrained.

İNFORMASİYALARIN MƏNİMSƏNİLMƏSİNDƏ KOQNİTİV BACARIQLARIN ROLU

The article discusses the role of cognitive skills in the absorption of information provided in modern information communication systems. It is shown that currently both the old and the young generation have a number of difficulties in the assimilation of information provided by electronic means. Difficulties are caused by different forms of information, used symbols, etc. The article justifies the role of cognitive skills and competencies in solving those difficulties. In this field, the tasks facing the education system are explained. The directions of the works to be carried out are indicated.

An ML-Based Solution in the Transformation towards a Sustainable Smart City

The rapid development of modern information technology (IT), power supply, communication and traffic information systems and so on is resulting in progress in the area of distributed and energy-efficient (if possible, powered by renewable energy sources) smart grid components securely connected to entire smart city management systems. This enables a wide range of applications such as distributed energy management, system health forecasting and cybersecurity based on huge volumes of data that automate and improve the performance of the smart grid, but also require analysis, inference and prediction using artificial intelligence. Data management strategies, but also the sharing of data by consumers, institutions, organisations and industries, can be supported by edge clouds, thus protecting privacy and improving performance. This article presents and develops the authors’ own concept in this area, which is planned for research in the coming years. The paper aims to develop and initially test a conceptual framework that takes into account the aspects discussed above, emphasising the practical aspects and use cases of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the everyday lives of smart sustainable city (SSC) residents. We present an approach consisting of seven algorithms for the integration of large data sets for machine learning processing to be applied in optimisation in the context of smart cities.

Irregular IRS-aided SWIPT secure communication system with imperfect CSI

The performance of traditional regular Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) improves as the number of IRS elements increases, but more reflecting elements lead to higher IRS power consumption and greater overhead of channel estimation. The Irregular Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IIRS) can enhance the performance of the IRS as well as boost the system performance when the number of reflecting elements is limited. However, due to the lack of radio frequency chain in IRS, it is challenging for the Base Station (BS) to gather perfect Channel State Information (CSI), especially in the presence of Eavesdroppers (Eves). Therefore, in this paper we investigate the minimum transmit power problem of IIRS-aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) secure communication system with imperfect CSI of BS-IIRS-Eves links, which is subject to the rate outage probability constraints of the Eves, the minimum rate constraints of the Information Receivers (IRs), the energy harvesting constraints of the Energy Receivers (ERs), and the topology matrix constraints. Afterward, the formulated non-convex problem can be efficiently tackled by employing joint optimization algorithm combined with successive refinement method and adaptive topology design method. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the superiority of IIRS.

Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan “Pendampingan Posyandu Remaja sebagai Upaya Preventif Kenakalan Remaja di Posyandu Remaja Kelurahan Banyurip Kota Pekalongan”

Adolescence is a transition period which is a period of transition in a child's development between childhood and adulthood which generally begins at the age of 12 or 13 years and ends at the age of 21 years. Adolescence is a vulnerable period because of the inability of teenagers to solve their own problems. Many teenagers ultimately find that many of the solutions do not match their expectations. advances in science and technology always result in social change, with increasingly sophisticated communications technology, transportation and information systems, changes in society are accelerating more rapidly. In facing such situations, teenagers often have a more sensitive soul, which in the end, quite a few teenagers fall into things that are contrary to moral values, religious norms, social norms and norms of life in society. The aim of this service is to provide assistance to youth posyandu as an effort to prevent juvenile delinquency. The method used in this community service activity begins with an opening and introduction of the resource persons, then continues with the delivery of health education material, a question and answer session to the participants and finally closing. With this activity, the posyandu felt helped because it was provided with assistance and information in preventive efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency.

Coccygeal tumours unveiled: a retrospective cohort analysis from a tertiary referral centre.

Isolated tumours affecting the coccyx are infrequent, with only a handful of documented cases in the literature. Herein, we highlight the most extensive consecutive case series involving various isolated coccyx tumours with varied clinical presentations and imaging features. A retrospective search of our tertiary Orthopaedic oncology institute's oncology and Radiology database [Radiology Information System, Picture Archiving and Communication System, and Computerised Radiology Information System] for the keyword "Coccyx" and "Tumour" was performed over 15 years (between December 2007 and August 2022). Data collected was correlated with local histopathology and laboratory records. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and complementary imaging findings were recorded for analysis. One hundred and three lesions originating in the coccyx with a mean age of 62 years (range 25-90 years) were identified. There was a male preponderance with 59 male and 44 female patients (1.3:1.0). The most typical tumour noted was chordoma. Other lesions included a dermoid cyst, a myxopapillary ependymoma, a notochordal remnant, an osteochondroma, an Ewing sarcoma, and a teratoma. Our analysis suggests that most of the tumours involving coccyx are chordomas with a few rarely encountered benign and malignant tumours. Radiological imaging plays a vital role in characterising isolated tumours affecting the coccyx and guiding appropriate patient management. This is the largest reported series of coccygeal tumours. Chordoma is the commonest coccygeal tumour. Patients with unexplained coccydynia should undergo detailed investigations, preferably with cross-sectional imaging.

Patterns of Internet use by the Teenagers: An Inquiry of School students of Nagarjun Municipality

The internet has changed the whole perspective of information dissemination and communication systems, making the world a global village through the World Wide Web. However, studies regarding the patterns of teenagers' use of the internet in Nepal in the light of their attitudes and purposes for using the internet are scarce. This study aims to identify the patterns of teenage students towards the use of the internet. This study adopted a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach, based on a sample of 91 students from government and private schools in Nagarjun Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected from the selected students through questionnaires, analyzed, and presented with the help of tables and graphs. Respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique. Primary data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The study found that 49% of respondents spent 20-60 minutes daily on the internet. Mobile phones were the most common mode to access the internet. 24% of the respondents stated that the purposes of internet use were to seek general information and communication. Similarly, about 73% of teenagers learnt to use the internet themselves. Results showed that users frequently used the internet for educational and entertainment purposes. It also revealed that mobile phone usage leads to an increase in internet accessibility. The study recommended for the productive use of the internet in education. It provides meaningful data for developing policies on education and enhancing digital literacy in developing countries.

Waveform Design for the Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer System.

Next-generation communication systems demand the integration of sensing, communication, and power transfer (PT) capabilities, requiring high spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and low cost while also necessitating robustness in high-speed scenarios. Integrated sensing and communication systems (ISACSs) exhibit the ability to simultaneously perform communication and sensing tasks using a single RF signal, while simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems can handle simultaneous information and energy transmission, and orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) signals are adept at handling high Doppler scenarios. Combining the advantages of these three technologies, a novel cyclic prefix (CP) OTFS-based integrated simultaneous wireless sensing, communication, and power transfer system (ISWSCPTS) framework is proposed in this work. Within the ISWSCPTS, the CP-OTFS matched filter (MF)-based target detection and parameter estimation (MF-TDaPE) algorithm is proposed to endow the system with sensing capabilities. To enhance the system's sensing capability, a waveform design algorithm based on CP-OTFS ambiguity function shaping (AFS) is proposed, which is solved by an iterative method. Furthermore, to maximize the system's sensing performance under communication and PT quality of service (QoS) constraints, a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) beamforming design (SDR-BD) algorithm is proposed, which is solved using through the SDR technique. The simulation results demonstrate that the ISWSCPTS exhibits stronger parameter estimation performance in high-speed scenarios compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the waveform designed by CP-OTFS AFS demonstrates superior interference resilience, and the beamforming designed by SDR-BD strikes a balance in the overall performance of the ISWSCPTS.

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY INDICATORS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The efficiency indicators of the functioning critical information infrastructures in the communication system are analyzed based on the architectural concept of future networks. The object of the study is hardware and software complexes critical information infrastructures for special purposes. Critical information infrastructure represents information and telecommunication communication systems, the maintenance, reliability and security which are necessary for the safe operation special-purpose enterprises. In order to avoid the occurrence of various security and reliability incidents, the studied critical infrastructures communication systems require constant analysis and updating operating rules. The subject of the research is a method for calculating quality indicators of the functioning of critical information infrastructures in communication systems. In this work, using the example of a communication system based on modern technologies, the sequence of actions for analyzing threats to the security of a critical information infrastructure facility is considered. The purpose of the study is to develop a new approach for creating methods for calculating indicators of efficiency, reliability and information security systems. Based on the analysis of the work, a method for calculating efficiency indicators critical information infrastructures of communication systems is proposed and important analytical expressions for further research are obtained. As a result of the study, the main conclusions of the study were obtained, which can be implemented and used in critical infrastructures of communication systems to calculate the quality of functioning public computer and telecommunication systems.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengumuman dan Komunikasi Berbasis Web di SMK Skyhigh

The effective and efficient use of information systems is a major challenge for Skyhigh Vocational High School (SMK Skyhigh) in delivering timely and structured information to students and parents. This study aims to design and develop a web-based announcement and communication information system that can improve the accessibility and speed of information distribution within the school environment. The research employs the waterfall software development method, which includes the stages of planning, design, development, and testing. The results show that the system, built using PHP, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, successfully meets client needs by providing an intuitive and responsive interface. Testing with both black box and white box methods indicates that all system components function well and comply with the specified requirements. In conclusion, this system offers a relevant and practical solution to communication needs at SMK Skyhigh and has the potential to be adapted by other educational institutions.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНІЗОТРОПНОГО БІПОЛЯРНОГО ТЕРМОЕЛЕМЕНТА

Modern information communication networks include monitoring subsystems. The operation of monitoring subsystems is based on the operation of various sensors. Among the sensors used in the monitoring subsystems, thermoelectric sensors occupy an insignificant share. In order for thermoelectric sensors to become more widespread, it is necessary to solve the problem of a small value of thermoelectric efficiency. It is proposed to solve this problem by switching to sensors based on anisotropic bipolar thermoelement. In the presented work, the influence of thermoelectric vortices with turbulent flow on the sensitivity of sensors based on anisotropic bipolar thermoelements was studied. The dependence of the value of the transverse thermal-EMF of this structure on the anisotropy coefficient K of the anisotropic bipolar thermoelectric material was determined. Corresponding singular points and limits of their existence are revealed. The dependence of the directions of rotation of vortices with a turbulent nature of the flow on the direction of approach to these points was established. The temperature sensitivity of the sensor based on an anisotropic bipolar thermoelement made of single crystals of cadmium antimonide with both unipolar and bipolar characteristics was evaluated. Research results show a significant increase in the temperature sensitivity of such sensors based on anisotropic bipolar thermoelements, which can be used as thermal sensors for monitoring individual elements of the information communication system. Such thermoelements will have an improved coefficient of temperature dependence of volt-watt sensitivity compared to anisotropic unipolar thermoelements. The conducted numerical calculations show the prospects of using anisotropic bipolar thermoelements as sensors for monitoring modern information and communication systems for collecting information, both about the system itself and the environment.

Defining a selection procedure of CRM systems for the information-analytical support to the marketing activities at an enterprise

The object of this study is digital marketing at an enterprise. The investigated problem is the lack of a sufficient level of systematic consideration of the task to use information communication systems and technologies in the marketing activities of enterprises. Availability of such a system would increase the company's potential in creating mutual value for the seller and the client when implementing relationship marketing technologies. It is shown that the information and analytical support of the enterprise's marketing activity can be presented as a tool of the enterprise's activity, functioning as an element of the enterprise's management system. Among the general criteria for choosing a CRM system, it is proposed to consider convenience and ease of use, flexibility of system settings for special business needs, price, simplicity. Such consideration of CRM systems and their capabilities provide economic effects that affect the profitability of the enterprise and prevent the impact of negative factors on the development of the company. The proposed procedure for choosing an adequate CRM system was verified on the example of a dental clinic, which made it possible to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of implementing a CRM system in the business under study. It is based on received estimates of short-term and long-term economic effects of the system's application. Calculated data are provided for support, which showed that the productivity of the administrator's work increased by 73.3 %, and the average duration of patient care by the doctor, taking into account the time of registration, decreased by 25 %. This is due to the fact that the system makes it possible to perform a quick search on the general electronic database, and the time saved at this stage can be spent on performing additional work

Construction of systemic interaction between tools of remote monitoring of the technical condition and operation modes of a truck vehicle

Parameters of the technical condition of transportation means in modern transport-logistics and infrastructure systems are an integral element of their communication support. This is enabled by the use of remote information monitoring technologies in control processes. The object of this study is the processes of vehicle remote monitoring in terms of determining the technical condition. The work addressed the task of improving the process of vehicle technical operation through the construction of a model of the remote monitoring system of its technical condition. A remote version of the information-analytical monitoring system was implemented. The work considers the system interaction of the means of remote monitoring of the state of a vehicle to ensure control under the operating conditions of the driver's work and rest modes. Road, transport, climatic conditions, etc. were taken into account. Considering these features, an information and analytical model of the system for remote monitoring of vehicle condition was built. Features of the subject area of the system are described using a DFD diagram. A structured information model of the information-communication system has been constructed, which has the ability to actually provide vehicle remote monitoring, the driver's work and rest modes, and his/her physical condition. The results, subject to the use of the V2I information model in the field of transport, allow remote monitoring of the vehicle technical condition. Specifically, to analyze the influence of changes in the physical condition and modes of work and rest of drivers on changes in the vehicle operating parameters

Perubahan Organisasi Perguruan Tinggi Era IT

Changes in the use of technology are underway in the world of education. There are three main changes underway at the moment, namely (1), the emergence of extensive use of technology, (2), the transition of technology use in the High Desert, (3), the introduction of a national curriculum with the use of Information Communication and Technologies (ICT) systems. Organizational change can be thought of as having cycles with four phases: (1), the generation of ideas and inventions; (2), selection of ideas; (3), implementation of ideas; and (4), the diffusion of ideas. Organizational change offers benefits and can include the introduction of knowledge. Therefore, how do people see the word 'change' in higher education, Change means many new, and creative things for the development of education, so that the old way is no longer effective. The 2022 national curriculum has used the "Information Communication and Technologies" (ICT) system for all courses. The presence of technology makes lecturers and students required to learn to follow ongoing educational developments.

Learning Analytics and Knowledge Management Systems for Higher Education

The proposed research investigates the impact of communication technologies and information systems on knowledge management in e-learning environments. The authors leverage the established models of Nonaka & Takeuchi and Harsh (including knowledge reusability and sharing in a 3D context) to explore this relationship. Their findings suggest that incorporating knowledge sharing and reusability significantly enhances e-learning effectiveness. Furthermore, research indicates that data analytics (DA) presents a valuable tool for enriching the learning experience. DA facilitates the discovery of new learning areas and fosters qualitative learning within higher education. This is achieved through its extensive capabilities in analyzing existing knowledge. To ensure the inclusion of quality knowledge, the well-regarded Approach- Deploy-Review-Improve (ADRI) model is also considered. Finally, the potential of knowledge repositories in diverse educational settings is emphasized.

ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS FOR THE FORMATION OF CODE STRUCTURES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF DATA TRANSMISSION IN INFOCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Achieving the best quality indicators of transmission through the channels of modern communication systems is always of urgent importance for developers and users of information communication systems. At the same time, to ensure high transmission reliability and performance, various coding methods and methods of converting the transmitted data can be used. Accordingly, each of the proposed data processing methods has its advantages and disadvantages, which determines their attractiveness or application limitations for the data being transmitted. In this paper, the analysis of algorithms for forming signal code structures of traditional interference-resistant positional codes, codes with an even number of units, and a nine-element Hamming code is carried out. Classical positional coding is inferior in such important data transmission parameters as information capacity and entropy. However, in some cases, for example, when the results of data transfer quality parameters calculations are significantly influenced by the language of the transmitted textual information or the volume of the analyzed text (the influence is more likely to be noticeable in individual cases, and not in general), then an important value acquires the possibility of applying a certain/adapted type of encoding of the transmitted data. The article conducts theoretical research and calculates the main qualitative parameters of the studied code constructions for various initial conditions. A comparative analysis and assessment of the influence of the studied parameters on the quality of data transmission was carried out. Conducted theoretical studies show that, under certain conditions, positional coding provides a significant gain in the main quality indicators of data processing and can be successfully applied for coding and transmission of digital data through the channels of modern information transmission systems. In order to practically confirm the reliability of the obtained results, relevant studies should be conducted, for example, with simulation on a software model of a virtual transmission system with different coding principles on modern computer systems.

Інформаційна технологія і програмне забезпечення для імітаційного моделювання, синтезу і досліджень методів криптографічного захисту даних

The described information technology for improving data protection (ITIDP) in information communication systems (ICS) is built on the basis of a system approach for the implementation of hardware and software solutions for encryption/decryption of data flows in a given continuum of hardware-software-space-time limitations. The formulation of the task for the implementation of ITIDP is substantiated, and a variant of its architecture is proposed. Examples of the development of possible hardware and software modules and resources for the creation of both ITIDP and ICS with increased protection of real-time data flows are given. The issues of choosing methods and means of data encryption in real technical systems and criteria for assessing the necessity and adequacy of encrypted protection of information flows depending on the usefulness and confidentiality of transmitted data are discussed. As a practical approbation of the application of the proposed technology for solving applied problems, examples of the synthesis and research of a special processor for a block cipher with sequential data processing and dynamic key correction, as well as the results of research and optimization of the RSA encryption model for its use in critical application mobile systems with limited hardware and software resources. It is shown that for systems with limited hardware resources in the RSA model of the cipher, it is more correct to use not the Euler function, but the Carmichael function. This approach, together with the use of a modified method of successive approximations according to the rules of modular algebra for calculating large powers of a large base with the subsequent determination of the remainder by a given modulus of a very large number, makes it possible to remove restrictions on the bit rate of data in low-power computers and speed up data decryption processes. The use of modular architecture in the proposed information technology ensures its scalability and quick reconfiguration for the study of various methods of cryptographic data protection.

Comparative study of ergonomic and technological criteria for universal accessibility at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Accessibility focused on people with reduced mobility has been a challenge for urban design in Latin America since these considerations are only met in 25% of public spaces in cities. Universal accessibility within the study centers is even more limited since the facilities do not have inclusive designs focused on people with reduced mobility. The University of Guayaquil was chosen as a case study, specifically the facilities of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism due to their spatial and architectural conditions. The objective of this study proposes the architectural redesign of public and buildable spaces with ergonomic and technological criteria that improve accessibility for people with disabilities. A qualitative and quantitative approach methodology is applied, evaluating the spatial and architectural conditions through weightings applied to ergonomic and technological criteria. As a result, it is obtained that the ergonomic criterion improves the conditions of users with physical disabilities by 60% according to adaptations of size and design and that the technological and communication information systems generate a better performance around disabilities. visual and auditory generating a 90% general improvement in users. As a future line of research, it is intended to extend these criteria to the rest of the faculties of the University of Guayaquil to obtain an inclusive model of higher education.

SIPKOM: Efektivitas Sistem Perkuliahan di JTIK Universitas Negeri Makassar Berbasis Website

This research aims to implement an announcement and communication information system in the Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar. The system utilizes information technology that combines computation and interaction to develop software and hardware components. Prior to the existence of e-learning, learning was conducted face-to-face, but having these two learning options could lead to communication gaps between teachers and students. Therefore, a website-based announcement and communication information system (SIPKOM) was developed to provide quick information and enable communication among students, administrators, and teachers. The research and development method was employed in this study. Data was collected through literature review, scientific journals, and online questionnaire distribution using Google Form. The system development utilized Agile Development methodology, allowing for quick adaptation to changes. The system design was based on Unified Modeling Language (UML) for visualization and design standards. System testing was conducted through Black box testing, where software was tested without considering its internal details. The development plan for the SIPKOM application encompassed Use case modeling, Activity diagram, sequence diagram, and class diagram. Use case modeling was used to represent the interactions between users and the system. The Activity diagram was utilized to depict the workflow of the application, including schedule display, account announcements, and chat features. Through this research, it is expected to provide a comprehensive insight into the effectiveness of the announcement and communication information system in the Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering. The system is anticipated to help overcome communication gaps between teachers and students and enhance the efficiency of information management and communication in the academic environment.

Challenges Facing the Agricultural Extension Organization and Ways to Address Them

The study aimed to identify the size of the challenges and obstacles facing the agricultural extension organization in the following areas (the approved extension approach, the organizational structure of the extension organization, the degree of centralization and decentralization, the use of communication technology and information systems, the organizational links and relationships with the relevant authorities, the development of human capabilities). The study identified the problems experienced by agricultural extension agents in the fields of work through the following areas (administrative and organizational problems, problems related to capabilities and facilities, psychological and social problems, financial problems), the study was conducted in the city of Baghdad and the research included all agricultural extension agents working in the extension and training department Agricultural and Extension Center in Baghdad, Training and Rehabilitation Center and Extension Centers working in the Directorate of Agriculture, if the research community totaled (114) respondents, the questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool and included three axes: The first axis included (60) items distributed over (6) areas that represent the challenges that The extension organization faces, and the second axis included (27) paragraphs distributed over four areas that represent the problems facing agricultural extension workers in the fields of work, while the third axis included (15) paragraphs that represent some proposals and solutions to face these challenges and problems. On a group of experts and specialists in the field of extension, and the stability of the research tool was confirmed, after the data collection process, the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze that data, and the study concluded the following results: The agricultural extension organization is facing today a set of challenges and obstacles that have an impact The actor on the workflow and implementation of agricultural extension programs and activities, and the agricultural extension workers working in the fields of work suffer from a number of problems and obstacles affecting the efficiency of performing extension tasks, and that the approach and extension approach adopted by the agricultural extension organization do not fit the requirements of the current stage, and that the organizational structure of the current extension organization It includes a lot of work problems and obstacles, and there is a clear deficiency in the delegation of powers, as it was found that there is a weakness in the level of use of that information and communication technology, and also a weakness in the strength of interdependence with the relevant authorities, and the study included some recommendations that would work to improve and develop the performance of the extension organization.