WSN Communication Research Articles

Fuzzy based Energy Efficient Rider Remora Routing protocol for secured communication in WSN network

Due to the resource constraint nature of WSN, ensuring secured communication in WSN is a challenging problem. Moreover, enhancing the network lifetime is one of the major issues faced by the existing studies. So, in order to secure the communication between WSNs and achieve improved network lifetime, a novel trust enabled routing protocol is proposed in this study. Initially, the clusters are constructed using Direct, Indirect, and Total Trust evaluations, which helps to identify the faulty nodes. After, an Improved Fuzzy-based Balanced Cost Cluster Head Selection (IFBECS) method is used to choose the cluster head (CH). Finally, to determine the best path from source to destination, a hybrid bionic energy-efficient routing model known as an Energy Efficient Rider Remora Routing (EERRR) protocol is introduced. To improve the network lifetime and throughput, the parameters like remaining energy of the CH, sensor node space, CH, etc., are considered by the utilized protocol. The proposed mechanism is implemented in NS-2 programming tool. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol has attained improved PDR of 97.92 % at the time period of 50 ms, reduced energy consumption of 3.336 at the time period of 100 ms, higher throughput of 86262.7 at the time period of 250 ms, and enhanced network lifetime of 1028.08 rounds in 200 nodes. Therefore, by attaining better results as compared with other existing protocols, it is clearly revealed that the proposed routing protocol is highly suitable for secured energy efficient WSN communication.

WISE-Energy: Wireless Integrated Smart Energy Systems

This paper introduces WISE-Engergy, Wireless Integrated Smart Energi Systems. This system is designed to optimize indoor electricity usage by fostering user awareness of energy-saving practices. Users are reminded to turn off electrical devices when leaving the room through notifications on an Android smartphone application. The research aims to increase public awareness of the importance of energy conservation and to apply technology to achieve higher energy efficiency. The contribution of this research lies in the development of an innovative energy-saving system that can be implemented in various indoor environments to support sustainable energy-saving efforts. The test results show that this system successfully achieves its intended goals. The notifications sent to the last user in the room effectively encouraged them to turn off the lights upon leaving. The WSN communication test between room 1 and room 2 also demonstrated that the system could transmit power data from room 2 to room 1 via the XBee module. System evaluation and testing indicated that SENIOR successfully notified users to turn off electrical devices. This research makes a significant contribution to addressing energy-saving challenges and promoting an energy-saving culture in the community.

Retraction notice: Modeling of lightweight security framework for identifying efficient route for secure communication in WSN

Retraction notice: Modeling of lightweight security framework for identifying efficient route for secure communication in WSN

Felis bee optimization-based localization for energy-efficient communication in IoT-assisted WSN

Localization of WSN sensor nodes gains significance in order to grasp the idea for dead node replacement and re-establishing the network from data loss. In this research, the node localization and the position estimation of the dead nodes during routing are more effectively identified by the Felis bee localization protocol. The node localization is significant for effective communication and data transfer throughout the network with high signal strength. The developed approach assists in identifying the dead nodes and replaces them with less localization error thus, the signal strength of the receiver side is maximum. By utilizing the information on the exact position of the anchor nodes, the unknown location of the dead nodes is estimated by the Felis bee localization protocol. The Felis bee localization protocol enhances the potential of node localization concerning the energy, localization error, and multi-objective function, and attains the minimum RMSE as 0.566 at the 25th round, maximum RSSI as −47.925 dBm as well as the Energy at round 25 as 0.6517 J and the Throughput as 0.2952bps over the simulation area of 10 × 100. Further the established localization reaches the minimum RMSE as 0.673, the maximum Energy as 0.5141 J, maximum throughput as 0.5682,and the maximum RSSI as −53.911 dBm, at the 50th round over simulation area 200 × 200 and surpasses other conventional localization techniques.

Performance analysis of routing protocols for an efficient data transmission in 5G WSN communication

In WSN structures the routing scheme the usage of the sensor nodes are carried out in between group of specific clusters. The nodes are working for information aggregation from these supply nodes they also performs statistics dissemination and community management and activities sensing and records gathering in the neighborhood. Many clustering topology are proposed in recent years to localize the route inside the cluster. In this paper we have reviewed and in contrast these topologies to locate out the network mechanism which are less difficult to control and scalable for getting excessive satisfactory response with recognize to dynamics of the environment.

Fuzzy Enhanced Black Widow Spider with Secure Encryption Random Permutation Pseudo Algorithm for Energy Efficient Cluster Communication in WSN

Devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly being used. Modern mobile apps may be incorporated onto low-cost, low-power devices with the help of these extensions. This integration is made possible by the utilization of low-cost, low-power sensor nodes. All sensor nodes transmit data either directly or via a multi-hop path to other receivers or nodes. In order to enable effective inter-cluster communication through ideal cluster head selection, we build a fuzzy-enhanced black widow spider based on the Secure Encrypted Random Permutation Pseudo Algorithm (FEBWS-SERPPA) in this study. By taking energy, latency, and distance characteristics into account, the suggested FEBWS-SERPPA algorithm enhances the black widow spider optimization method by choosing the optimal cluster head in the cluster. To ensure its effectiveness, the suggested FEBWS-SERPPA algorithm's performance is compared to the state-of-the-art. The suggested FEBWS-SERPPA algorithm delivers enhanced performance speed with very low energy consumption and extended network lifetime when compared to existing cutting-edge methods.

Congestion Detection and Mitigation Technique for Multi-Hop Communication in WSN

The primary function of a network system is to gather information from the observation region and transmit it to the base station. The network life span and congestion are the two major concerns in wireless networks. To enhance the lifespan of the sensor system; multi-hopping has been proved as best in class. Congestion is an important factor to be taken, where multiple nodes forward data to one another in the process of communication. Hence to overcome the issue of congestion in WSN, we proposed a congestion detection and mitigation method along with the multi-hop concept. In this technique, we have considered different routes among communication units that were classified on distance, relative attainment rate (RAR) and node storage occupancy. A utility function (U) has been proposed and calculated using the above illustrated factors for every node that acts as a neighbour to the transmitting node. Neighbour node with highest U-valued will be considered as the packet forwarding node's next hop. In this manner congestion free nodes are selected for data transmission.

Retraction Note to: Novel Sybil attack detection using RSSI and neighbour information to ensure secure communication in WSN

Retraction Note to: Novel Sybil attack detection using RSSI and neighbour information to ensure secure communication in WSN

Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies

SummaryWireless sensor network (WSN) is frequently being used for increasing the data collection and monitoring critical parameters. Major challenge in WSN design is achieving the better energy efficiency and latency considering the dynamic sink location. Lots of research has been done for improving the performance of WSN systems in wide range of applications. Prime goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of WSN routing under the grid‐based dynamic sink locations. Later the performance of various existing critical protocols is compared to route data over centralized server. Various applications of WSNs are tabulated along with the sensor utilization. The paper contributed in three passes. Initial contribution of this research is to identify the issues and limitations of present WSN communication technologies. The paper contributed to present a case study to discover the implications of dynamic sink routing for building protocol to extend network's lifetime. The effectiveness of several clustering‐based WSN routing algorithms is first compared in this paper. After that, the protocol with the longest network life is put to the test under a grid‐based dynamic sink routing scenario. The significance of clustering‐based protocols for improving lifetime of the network is evaluated as case study. The clustering‐based energy efficient protocol like low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and its different variants, PEGASIS, SEP, DEC, their variants, and so on, are compared in this paper. Various performance metrics like network delays, throughput, latency, energy consumption and network lifetime are defined for studying routing protocols. Significance of dynamic sink locations performance is evaluated for Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (EDEEC) protocol. Overall paper covers and reviewed many critical design aspects for WSN networks.

An Automated Lightweight Key Establishment Method for Secure Communication in WSN

An Automated Lightweight Key Establishment Method for Secure Communication in WSN

Design of QoS on data collection in wireless sensor network for automation process

WSNs facilitate the analysis of the universe with an unprecedented resolution. WSN is a network that connects many low-cost, low-powered sensor nodes capable of sensing/actuating and can interact with one another over short distances through a low-power radio. The article aims to provide strategies for enhancing and maintaining QoS in WSN communication in particular. As a result, we implemented a classification-based multi-layer WSN stack prototype that takes CDC applications into account. This method decreases the increasing point load by control messages, resulting in higher application throughput. In the presence of reasonably large unicast data traffic, the CDC multi-layer stack achieves 85.16% throughput while running at less than 12.14% delay. While WSN is the transmission technique and automation are the implementation scenario, the existing methods can be extended to certain other WSN and scenarios with related communication patterns and QoS issues.

Load Aware Effective Backoff Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensors network is widely deployed in many areas such as smart homes and Internet of Things (IoT). However, since the limited energy source is a primary concern in the improvement and practical use of WSN, it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency. The backoff mechanism implemented in the WSN communication protocol is a key element in ensuring energy-efficient communication between sensor nodes. Many of the previous backoff approaches perform well on light to moderately loaded networks. However, on a heavily loaded network, the performance degrades significantly. In this paper, we devise a novel adaptive scheme which estimates network traffic using data arrival rate to improve the network throughput and the energy efficiency. We develop a Markov model for the proposed scheme with the provision of numerical analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the energy efficiency and throughput.

A data transmission approach based on ant colony optimization and threshold proxy re-encryption in WSNs

Wireless sensor networks have become increasingly popular due to the rapid growth of the Internet of Things. As open wireless transmission mediums are easy to attack, security is one of the primary design concerns for wireless sensor networks. Current solutions consider routing and data encryption as two isolated issues, providing incomplete security. Therefore, in this paper we divide the WSN communication process into a data path selection phase and a data encryption phase. By proposing an improved transmission method based on ant colony optimization and threshold proxy re-encryption for wireless sensor networks,named as ACOTPRE, it resists internal and external attacks and ensures safe and efficient data transmission. In the data path selection stage, the ant colony optimization algorithm is used for network routing. The improvement of the pheromone concentration is proposed. In order to resist attacks from external attackers, proxy re-encryption is extended to WSN in the data encryption stage. The threshold secret sharing algorithm is introduced to generate a set of re-encryption key fragments composed of random numbers at the source node. We confirm the performance of our model via simulation studies.

An optimal communication in WSN enabled by fuzzy clustering and improved meta-heuristic model

PurposeWireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely adopted for various applications due to their properties of pervasive computing. It is necessary to prolong the WSN lifetime; it avails its benefit for a long time. WSN lifetime may vary according to the applications, and in most cases, it is considered as the time to the death of the first node in the module. Clustering has been one of the successful strategies for increasing the effectiveness of the network, as it selects the appropriate cluster head (CH) for communication. However, most clustering protocols are based on probabilistic schemes, which may create two CH for a single cluster group, leading to cause more energy consumption. Hence, it is necessary to build up a clustering strategy with the improved properties for the CH selection. The purpose of this paper is to provide better convergence for large simulation space and to use it for optimizing the communication path of WSN.Design/methodology/approachThis paper plans to develop a new clustering protocol in WSN using fuzzy clustering and an improved meta-heuristic algorithm. The fuzzy clustering approach is adopted for performing the clustering of nodes with respective fuzzy centroid by using the input constraints such as signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), load and residual energy, between the CHs and nodes. After the cluster formation, the combined utility function is used to refine the CH selection. The CH is determined based on computing the combined utility function, in which the node attaining the maximum combined utility function is selected as the CH. After the clustering and CH formation, the optimal communication between the CH and the nodes is induced by a new meta-heuristic algorithm called Fitness updated Crow Search Algorithm (FU-CSA). This optimal communication is accomplished by concerning a multi-objective function with constraints with residual energy and the distance between the nodes. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed technique enhances the network lifetime and energy efficiency when compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.FindingsThe proposed Fuzzy+FU-CSA algorithm has achieved low-cost function values of 48% to Fuzzy+Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 60% to Fuzzy+Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), 40% to Fuzzy+Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and 25% to Fuzzy+CSA, respectively. Thus, the results prove that the proposed Fuzzy+FU-CSA has the optimal performance than the other algorithms, and thus provides a high network lifetime and energy.Originality/valueFor the efficient clustering and the CH selection, a combined utility function was developed by using the network parameters such as energy, load, SINR and distance. The fuzzy clustering uses the constraint inputs such as residual energy, load and SINR for clustering the nodes of WSN. This work had developed an FU-CSA algorithm for the selection of the optimal communication path for the WSN.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: An improved source location privacy protection using adaptive trust sector-based authentication with honey encryption algorithm in WSN

A wireless sensor network is a set of sensor nodes used to identify the environment and the corresponding object. It collects all the data of the situation and transmits this detected data to the central node through a wireless network. However, some challenges are encountered in wireless sensor networks i.e., the efficient deployment of sensor nodes in an environment. Some of the issues are limited sources of energy, limited transmission bandwidth, short coverage, data distribution, data persistence, faulty node, and data security redundancy. The Discovery Configuration Protocol (DCP) has been signed for a period of time to monitor the applications. It is required for alternate use, which is very important to recreate the correct data source. Recently, Source Location Privacy (SLP) security at the WSN has attracted a way to prevent opponents from pursuing a backtracking strategy to capture the data source. Delivery of messages from different source nodes to sink nodes is done through an end-to-end location privacy process. With location-based services, data must be retrieved by users who do not have information about the data’s location. So, introduce a proposed Adaptive Trust Sector-Based Authenticated System (ATSAS), which is meant to evaluate the trust confidence value of each node with the help of agent sinks node. When the joining nodes discover their neighbors, they exchange information about the number of single-hop neighbors. The updated confidence value of the node is formed in the network algorithm. The first stage is done using the Honey Encryption (HE) for message authentication and packet encryption to provide security in WSN. These encryptions are making Distribution-Transforming Encoder (DTE) for space of the un-encrypted plain text message into the seed space of n-bit string. The output encryption point is the input to feedback for key generation. To the next level, both direct and indirect observations, such as its neighbor’s trust value, are calculated based on two sources of information. This protocol thereby increases secure communication in a hierarchical WSN. The trust rate control of the network at the source of the packet, which helps drive the time control mechanism. Such Network Control Point (NCP) system development methods provide security and reduce the occurrence of overload on distributed sensor nodes. The theoretical analysis and test results demonstrate that the proposed method improves security, reduces directional attacks, and increases the network’s longevity.

Group key management: Issues and opportunities

WSN is a wireless network with sensor nodes which are having limited energy, memory and computing power capacity. Now, its application areas are vast e.g. military, agriculture and environment etc. Sensors communicate with each other in the wireless environment so sensitive data needs to be secure in transmission path. Secure communication in WSN is a major challenging task. In this aspect, many researchers already proposed various algorithms. This paper contains analysis of some algorithms with the four parameters: Computation Cost, Communication Cost, Rekeying cost and key Storage cost.

A Secure Communication and Location Privacy in WSN Using Grey Wolf Optimization

Wireless Computing draws in huge speculations, while simultaneously client necessities are ceaselessly expanded. Additionally development in remote advancements should stay up with aforementioned fields, so as to encourage the mix of imaginative administrations and applications in ordinary correspondence of the system. In the proposed framework we upgrade the security instrument for every sensor node by utilizing GWO(Grey wolf optimization) algorithm, and then the dummy sources are created to deceive the adversary and thus the original source is secured.

Lamport Timestamp Digital Signature based Mutual Node Authentication for Secured Data Communication IN WSN

Lamport Timestamp Digital Signature based Mutual Node Authentication for Secured Data Communication IN WSN

Minimization of Energy Consumption in WSN using Hybrid WECRA Approach

In wireless sensor network, the energy efficiency protocols are utilized to improve the energy conservation of the system and enhance the lifetime. The transmission is done by the deployment of nodes instead of any physical medium for communication in WSN. The deployed nodes transmit the data to sink or to the destination node. The nodes are gathered for better communication and this is known as clustering. In clustering, the nearby nodes are situated in compatible cluster and send the information to the cluster head which aggregates the information from various nodes and send it further to the sink. Different clustering algorithms and techniques have been developed for the enhancement of WSN. In traditional approach, the central node in the network preferred as cluster head and this node constrained for network transmission. This single node consumes more energy rather than other nodes leads to dead node. On the other hand, it follows the straight line route therefore the route is overloaded which consumes more energy with the reduction in lifetime of the network. We proposed an energy efficient genetic algorithm based approach with the concept of Virtual Grid based Dynamic Routes Adjustment (VGDRA) which enhances the overall performance of wireless sensor networks. The proposed approach has better energy efficiency as compare to LEACH because it is dynamic approach not static, balanced the load and optimization creates more chance of better result in less number of loops that are not possible in other techniques. The simulation result of the proposed approach is carried out in MATLAB.

Secure Group Communication in WSN based on Integrated approach of Chaos and Neural Network

With advancement in technology, at present, there is possibility to develop low cost sensors in the area of wireless sensor network. Often in practice, there are huge numbers of sensors, which are deployed in hostile environment. Hence, there is a need to develop the security mechanism so that defined applications can serve the purpose. Two areas come under security consideration, protection for communication data and authentication of communicating parties. In this paper, chaos and neural network based centralized security mechanism has been developed. Two different types of chaotic maps, Lozi and Logistic maps have been integrated with feed-forward architecture of neural network to deliver the security provision. The sensitiveness with initial conditions of chaos has been exploited for key development. Proposed method not only provides high level of security but also carries high level of flexibility, scalability and computational efficiency.