Social Communication Interaction Research Articles

Research of developmental models and techniques in the function of improving communication capacities

Communication as a basic form of social interaction is based on transmission of experiential contents through signs, whether they are symbols, signals or their combinations. In addition to the numerous factors that contribute to intensification and more efficient communication, there are also a large number of negative factors that reduce the effect of unforced, easy and relaxed communication. We shall try by this work to open current discussions about the elements, aspects, types, forms, functions, models and techniques of improving communication in social interactions. Consistently to the results of the conducted research, we shall provide new interpretations on manner how to overcome situations when we know "what should we say" but we do not know "how to announce it". The increasing communication capacities, the increasing the probability of better and more successful social interaction occur, which causally initiates an increase in the quality of life.

Speech-Gesture Matching and Schizotypal Traits: A Network Approach.

Impaired speech-gesture matching has repeatedly been shown in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that schizotypal traits in the general population are related to reduced speech-gesture matching performance and reduced self-reports about gesture perception. We further explored the relationships between facets of schizotypy and gesture processing in a network model. Participants (1094 mainly healthy adults) were presented with concrete or abstract sentences accompanied with videos showing related or unrelated gestures. For each video, participants evaluated the alignment between speech and gesture. They also completed self-rating scales about the perception and production of gestures (Brief Assessment of Gesture scale) and schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief 22-item version). We analyzed bivariate associations and estimated a non-regularized partial Spearman correlation network. We characterized the network by analyzing bridge centrality and controllability metrics of nodes. We found a negative relationship between both concrete and abstract gesture-speech matching performance and overall schizotypy. In the network, disorganization had the highest average controllability and it was negatively related to abstract speech-gesture matching. Bridge centralities indicated that self-reported production of gestures to enhance communication in social interactions connects self-reported gesture perception, schizotypal traits, and gesture processing task performance. The association between impaired abstract speech-gesture matching and disorganization supports a continuum between schizophrenia and schizotypy. Using gestures to facilitate communication connects subjective and objective aspects of gesture processing and schizotypal traits. Future interventional studies in patients should test the potential causal pathways implied by this network model.

Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers’ Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests

With personalized touch-screen tablets, young children can choose content and engage in play-like activities. However, tablets may also reduce shared engagement as the action of viewing or touching the screen is often not visible to nearby adults. This may impact communicative gazing and pointing, which is critical to the formation of shared awareness and in turn supports language development. To assess the association of tablet media content with toddlers' responses to joint attention prompts and behavioral requests. This cohort study took place at a behavioral research laboratory and included toddlers who were aged 18 to 32 months with neurotypical development who were recruited from a volunteer and community sample. Toddlers engaged with a real toy or 3 different types of tablet content (ie, viewing video of toy play, playing with a digital toy, or playing a commercial game) while an experimenter delivered joint attention prompts. Data were acquired from June 2021 November XX 2022, and data analysis occurred from January 2023 to May 2024. Main outcomes included child response to joint attention (number of prompts with joint attention response per number of prompts delivered) and child response to behavioral request (ie, the prompt on which the child responded to the behavioral request). Measures included crossed random effects, Wald tests, and likelihood ratio tests. In this study, 63 toddlers were enrolled, and data from 62 were included (31 female [49%]; mean [SD] age, 26.1 [3.4] months; median [IQR] age, 25.0 [18.6-32.6] months). When toddlers were playing a commercial game on a tablet, they responded to fewer joint attention prompts (crossed random effects model, -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.06 prompts) and male toddlers took longer to acknowledge a behavioral request (interaction of content and sex, -0.75; 95% CI, -1.36 to -0.17). The negative impact of the tablet game was larger as child age increased (τ = -2.30; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0; P = .03). Greater media use at home was associated with decreased responding to joint attention prompts during the tablet game (ρ = -0.47; P < .001), while better language skills were associated with more joint attention during play with a real toy (ρ = 0.31; P = .02). In this cohort study, a touch-screen tablet game was associated with decreased joint attention among toddlers and they were less likely to respond to a behavioral request. In a laboratory setting, it was difficult for toddlers to engage in social-communicative interactions with adults when using a tablet media device.

Social Cognition Approach: Using Observation and Interview Methods via Qualitative Research

This study focuses on social psychology and uses the social cognition approach and qualitative observational and interview methods to observe and analyze random individuals in public settings. Likewise, it aims to identify patterns, social dynamics, and psychological phenomena that govern human behavior by closely monitoring and analyzing the mannerisms and actions of diverse individuals in the same environment. The research involves unobtrusively observing individuals of various demographic backgrounds in public spaces, focusing on non-verbal cues and situational contexts. The study seeks to understand how people interact with others, navigate social situations, and respond to external stimuli in real-world settings. Key objectives include identifying similarities and differences in social behaviors, exploring the impact of environmental factors on individual actions, and observing non-verbal communication in social interactions. Additionally, the research investigates the influence of cultural and contextual variables on observed behaviors to provide insights into the complexities of human behavior. The study was conducted in Barcelona, Spain, with 10 cases for observing and interview-short conversations with some random groups. The findings have implications for understanding social dynamics, developing effective communication strategies, and understanding why people behave in specific ways based on our experience and receiving data according to the people and environment information.

SOCIALISATION CONTEXTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND WAR: STATUS AND PROBLEMS (based on the materials of the empirical research)

The article presents the materials of a research aimed at identifying the peculiarities of the socialization of students of general secondary education institutions of communal and private forms of ownership in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, collected through an online survey. Based on the data of the empirical research, the socialization contexts of the development of students of the 5th – 11th grades were singled out; its interpretation was carried out in relation to the actual needs of schoolchildren and satisfaction in the conditions of the educational environment. Socialization contexts are structured into ten lines of development of schoolchildren, namely: social-emotional development, social-communicative interaction, social behaviour, sociallyoriented activity, social activity and initiative, social competence, social well-being, social experience, social (digital) identification, social expectations, which are revealed in an integrative relationship and with a certain penetration of the socio-emotional. Using examples of the features of the socialization contexts of schoolchildren’s development in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, signs of the manifestation of tendencies are outlined and possible risks of their development are predicted. The study reflects the age-specific peculiarities of thinking and skills of adolescent and senior schoolchildren, their assessment of the situation of social development in the educational environment and the possibilities of their own participation in its optimisation, as well as their idea of an ideal educational environment. The data of the experimental section can also be interpreted in terms of the state of the social component of learning losses in its individual characteristics, and can be used to optimise educational practice, in particular, to design the educational and developmental environment of general secondary education students during the war and in post-war reconstruction.

How does a ‘Jewellery Club’ adaptation of the Lego Therapy intervention impact on social anxiety and interactions between girls aged 7 with social communication interaction difficulties?

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of a ‘Jewellery Club’ on girls with social, communication and interaction difficulties. The project focussed on three girls aged seven who participated in an intervention using similar principles to the ‘Lego Therapy’ intervention. An action research approach was followed, where two phases of the intervention were undertaken with participants engaging with a weekly 20 min session for 3 weeks per phase. The impact of the intervention was assessed through the use of a social difficulties log, field notes and unstructured interviews with parents. Findings identified an overall reduction in social difficulties and social anxiety related to school as well as improved play experiences for the participants during unstructured school times and highlighted the importance of the intervention being aligned with the interests of the participants. The findings suggest that reflection on the gendered nature of interventions may be useful when considering how research might be implemented in practice.

The roles of sensory hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity in understanding infant fearfulness and emerging autistic traits.

Existing evidence indicates that atypical sensory reactivity is a core characteristic of autism, and has been linked to both anxiety (and its putative infant precursor of fearfulness) and repetitive behaviours. However, most work has used cross-sectional designs and not considered the differential roles of hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity to sensory inputs, and is thus limited in specificity. 161 infants with and without an elevated likelihood of developing autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were followed from 10 to 36 months of age. Parents rated an infant precursor of later anxiety (fearfulness) using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire at 10 and 14 months, and the Early Childhood Behavioural Questionnaire at 24 months, and sensory hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity at 10, 14 and 24 months using the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile. Domains of autistic traits (restrictive and repetitive behaviours; RRB, and social communication interaction, SCI) were assessed using the parent-rated Social Responsiveness Scale at 36 months. Cross-lagged models tested (a) paths between fearfulness and hyperreactivity at 10-24 months, and from fearfulness and hyperreactivity to later autism traits, (b) the specificity of hyperreactivity effects by including hyporeactivity as a correlated predictor. Hyperreactivity at 14 months was positively associated with fearfulness at 24 months, and hyperreactivity at 24 months was positively associated with SCI and RRB at 36 months. When hyporeactivity was included in the model, paths between hyperreactivity and fearfulness remained, but paths between hyperreactivity and autistic traits became nonsignificant. Our findings indicate that alterations in early sensory reactivity may increase the likelihood of showing fearfulness in infancy, and relate to later social interactions and repetitive behaviours, particularly in individuals with a family history of autism or ADHD.

Updated systematic-narrative review on communication intervention in Rett Syndrome: 2010–2022

Due to loss of spoken language and resulting complex communication needs, people with Rett syndrome are obvious candidates for communication intervention. To advance evidence-based practice and guide future research efforts, we identified and summarized 16 communication intervention studies published since a previous 2009 review on this topic. Studies were summarized in terms of (a) participants, (b) dependent variables related to communication, (c) intervention characteristics, (d) outcomes, and (e) certainty of evidence. Across the 16 studies, intervention was provided to a total of 100 participants from 3 to 47 years of age. Half of the studies used systematic instruction to teach aided AAC. Other interventions and associated technologies included music therapy, eye tracking technology, and transcranial stimulation. Positive outcomes (e.g., using AAC devices to make requests and/or initiate social-communication interactions) were reported in 13 of the studies. These 16 new studies provide additional guidance on how to enhance the communicative functioning of people with Rett syndrome. Future research directions are highlighted.

Communication and Social Interaction between Chinese and Indigenous Ethnics in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

This study discusses the language used and neighboring social interaction between the Chinese and the Indigenous Ethnics in Teluk Betung Selatan District, Lampung Province. The Indigenous Ethnics in this area consist of Lampung, Javanese, Minang, and Malay. Indonesia has a mixed population of racial and ethnic origins. Ethnicity, language, geography, and customs of each region make up the domestic background which includes indians, chinese, european, and arabs from outside Indonesia. Chinese and Indigenous Ethnics are represented in this study by ethnicity. The research uses a qualitative approach, data obtained from observations and interviews with 24 informants. The data analysis technique includes several stages, namely collection, reduction, and display of data. The findings show that the communication between the Chinese and the Indigenous Ethnics language use, if the Chinese communicate with Chinese, they use the Hokkien dialect for social relations/economic relations to support everyday life. In daily social activities, communication and social connections underpin economic relationships. Communication in social interaction must be managed properly or it will become a latent danger to the community’s harmony. The recommendation to the local government is to practice one day of the week to speak the local language and respect indigenous ethnicity. Keywords: Chinese Ethnics, indigenous ethnics, intercultural communication, stereotype.

Gesture, meaning, and intentionality: from radical to pragmatist enactive theory of language

AbstractThe article argues in favour of a pragmatist enactive interpretation of the emergence of the symbolic and contentful mind from a basic form of social communicative interaction in which basic cognitive capacities are involved. Through a critical overview of Radical Enactivists (RECers)’ view about language, the article focuses on Mead’s pragmatist behavioural theory of meaning that refers to the gestural conversation as the origin of the evolution of linguistic conversation. The article develops as follows. After exposing the main elements of REC’s theory of cognition and language that involve the construction of a theory of natural signs (teleosemiotics) and basic directionality (Ur-intentionality), some critical points of Hutto and Myin’s proposal will be highlighted. To foster a continuist perspective of language, the behavioural theory of meaning and language that Mead develops from the notion of gesture will be analysed. His theory is akin to REC and could augment the bare bones of REC’s sketched perspective, helping to include Ur-intentionality in a broader non-dualistic phylogenetic and ontogenetic theory of symbolic language from gestural communication, thus helping to overcome the distinction between a content-less intentionality and a content-involving intentionality, i.e., a semantic propositional intentionality. Furthermore, a recent revival of Mead’s theory testifies to its up-to-date relevance to explain the innate social dimension of human and non-human animals, and the human communicative capacity through the conditioning of bio-social canons and structures.

Dinamika Komunikasi Nonverbal Dalam Interaksi Sosial Di Lingkungan Kerja

This study aims to examine the patterns and impacts of nonverbal communication in social interactions in startup companies. The empirical findings of this study reveal some dominant nonverbal communication patterns as well as the significant impact of these patterns on team dynamics. The study also explores the influence of the unique characteristics of startup companies on the way nonverbal communication is conducted and received. The study found that in daily interactions in startup companies, several forms of nonverbal communication are used predominantly, Friendly and open facial expressions are used very frequently, Consistent but not too intense eye contact is the norm. This shows attention and trust between coworkers, but prolonged eye contact is avoided to keep the existing hierarchy in balance. Hand gestures are often used to clarify and emphasize key points during discussions and presentations. These gestures help convey messages more effectively and ensure better understanding among team members. Flexible and less formal use of space is a hallmark of startup companies. Many interactions take place in open spaces and shared work areas, which encourage collaboration and informal communication. Positive nonverbal communication patterns, such as consistent eye contact and supportive facial expressions, contribute to a high level of trust among team members. This trust strengthens collaboration and teamwork, which is essential in a startup environment that often requires close teamwork. found in brainstorming sessions and creative discussions, reflecting a dynamic and innovative work culture.

Temporality and the cooperative infrastructure of human communication: Noticings to delay and to accelerate onward movement in mobile interaction

This article examines how mobile participants, at interactionally delicate moments, deploy noticings to invite joint attention on objects in the speaker's vicinity. Complementing recent accounts of environmentally occasioned noticings, the focus of this study is on noticings as a practice to delay and, by contrast, to accelerate joint onward movement through museum spaces. It is argued that the interactional function of these noticings is, first, to draw the co-participant's attention to objects that they treat as noteworthy, and second, to request movement towards the speaker in order to jointly orient to the noticeable. The analysis shows that participants may launch noticings at opportune moments to serve their own spatiotemporal trajectory, either by detaining or by prompting co-participants on. The analysis draws on the methodology of Multimodal Conversation Analysis and a corpus of naturally occurring mobile interactions recorded with external cameras and eye-tracking glasses. Our observations on the double function of noticings in the local context may shed light on different ways in which we enact and draw on the cooperative infrastructure of human communication in social interaction.

WORD WALL TECHNIQUE: A SOLUTION FOR TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY

This scientific article discusses slang as a medium of adolescent communication in social interactions between others. The role of language becomes very important in every facet of human life. This article was written with the aim of providing information that slang has become a medium or communication tool for adolescents, also explaining about something that has to do with language as a means of communication in every human social interaction. In writing this article using the literature review method, all data is obtained from relevant literature data. In the discussion of this article explains about slang as a medium of communication among teenagers. The characteristics of slang in the form of words, acronyms and abbreviations, factors that influence the emergence and use of slang as a medium of communication, also explain the impact of the use of slang in social interaction. As social creatures, of course, humans need communication in their lives in order to establish relationships between others. From the writing of this article, it can be seen that the millennial generation or teenagers already have creativity in communicating, both through abbreviations and acronyms in the form of Indonesian and English, so that it can show the context of communication culture in the modern and cool world of teenagers.

‘Life World’ on Ledger: A ‘Scenic’ View

This paper explores the sociological and cultural implications of blockchain technology, specifically focusing on three prominent blockchain ecosystems: Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Algorand. The study utilizes the concept of the lifeworld, which encompasses collective human perceptions and everyday communicative social interaction, to analyze the formation and perpetuation of lifeworlds within these ecosystems. By employing scene theory as an analytical framework, the research identifies structural and thematic aspects of the lifeworlds represented in the discourse on Reddit and Twitter. The analysis reveals how these virtual spaces shape the unique social orderings, normative politics, and cultural identities associated with each blockchain. The study emphasizes the role of identity expression, cultural attitudes towards money, and the dynamics of boundary work within these scenes. Overall, the paper provides insights into the distinct lifeworlds and dynamics of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Algorand, showcasing the significance of sociocultural factors in blockchain ecosystems and illustrating how a scenes lens offers insights into dynamics at the ecosystem level that may not be visible in an exploration of blockchain technology at the level of technological category.

SLANG AS A MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION FOR ADOLESCENTS IN SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN OTHERS

This scientific article discusses slang as a medium of adolescent communication in social interactions between others. Because humans actually need communication in their lives, one of which is using language as a medium of communication. Because human language can convey messages, thoughts, feelings, goals effectively to others, it is also possible to bring about cooperation between individuals. Therefore, the role of language becomes very important in every facet of human life. This article was written with the aim of providing information that slang has become a medium or communication tool for adolescents, also explaining about something that has to do with language as a means of communication in every human social interaction. In writing this article using the literature review method, all data is obtained from relevant literature data. In the discussion of this article explains about slang as a medium of communication among teenagers. The characteristics of slang in the form of words, acronyms and abbreviations, factors that influence the emergence and use of slang as a medium of communication, also explain the impact of the use of slang in social interaction. As social creatures, of course, humans need communication in their lives in order to establish relationships between others. From the writing of this article, it can be seen that the millennial generation or teenagers already have creativity in communicating, both through abbreviations and acronyms in the form of Indonesian and English, so that it can show the context of communication culture in the modern and cool world of teenagers.

Symptom similarities and differences in social interaction between autistic children and adolescents with and without ADHD

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two often co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. Nevertheless, there is limited research about symptom differences between ASD and ASD + ADHD groups. This study examined differences in social interaction and communication between children and adolescents with ASD and with ASD + ADHD. A total of 112 participants were identified from two clinical trials. Fifty-six children and adolescents with ASD aged 8–17 years were matched for age, gender and general intelligence quotient with fifty-six children and adolescents with ASD + ADHD. Group differences in scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were analysed. Our results showed that participants with ASD and with ASD + ADHD had similar profiles of social communication interaction challenges and restricted behaviour. However, items assessing gestures: Conventional, Instrumental or Informational Gestures and Empathic or Emotional gestures showed significant differences between the groups suggesting that the ASD + ADHD group used descriptive gestures to communicate to a greater extent than the ASD group. These findings suggest that children and adolescents in both groups have similar difficulties in social communication and interaction with observed differences in the use of gestures. Possible reasons and implications for the differences in the use of gestures are discussed.

The Wisdom of Sundanese Intercultural Communication in Social Interaction with Javanese Ethnic Communities

This study aims to explain the forms of social interaction between the Sundanese and Javanese ethnicities that take place in the form of adaptation, cooperation, tolerance, competition, and conflict of intercultural communication wisdom. This research was conducted in Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. The novelties in the research include obtaining an overview and explanation of the history of the migration of the Sundanese to Sukasari Village, forms of social interaction between the Sundanese ethnic community and the Javanese ethnicity, and the implementation of Sundanese cultural wisdom in intercultural communication with the Javanese. This study uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with informants to explore information about the wisdom of Sundanese intercultural communication in social interaction with the Javanese ethnic community. The technique of taking informants is done by using the snowball sampling technique according key informants who will recommend other sources.. The results showed that the intercultural communication wisdom of the Sundanese in social interaction with the Javanese ethnic community has been carried out well through babasan and paribasa owned by the Sundanese ethnic community within its cultural framework.Keywords: Social interaction, ethnicity, intercultural communication, local wisdom ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk interaksi soial antara etnis Sunda dengan etnis Jawa yang berlangsung dalam bentuk adaptasi, kerjasama, toleransi, kompetisi dan konflik kearifan komunikasi antarbudaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu. Kebaruan dalam penelitian antara lain untuk memperoleh gambaran dan penjelasan tentang sejarah migrasi orang Sunda ke Desa Sukasari, bentuk-bentuk interaksi sosial komunitas etnis Sunda dengan etnis Jawa, dan implementasi kearifan budaya Sunda dalam komunikasi antarbudaya dengan etnis Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara yang mendalam dengan informan untuk menggali informasi mengenai kearifan komunikasi antarbudaya Orang Sunda dalam interaksi sosial dengan komunitas etnis Jawa. Teknik pengambilan informan dilakukan dengan Teknik snowball sampling melalui beberapa narasumber kunci untuk merekomendasikan informan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan komunikasi antarbudaya orang Sunda dalam interaksi sosial dengan komunitas etnis Jawa telah dijalankan dengan baik melalui babasan dan paribasa yang dimiliki oleh komunitas etnis Sunda dalam kerangka kebudayaannya.Kata Kunci: Interaksi sosial, etnis, komunikasi antarbudaya, kearifan local

Virtual Reality for Social Skills Training of Children and Adolescents with ASD: A Systematic Review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by an inability to identify facial expressions and recognize other people's emotions. Individuals with ASD would struggle to give appropriate answers and have effective communication in social interactions. As a result, children and adolescents with ASD are vulnerable to isolation at school and have fewer opportunities to develop social relationships with peers. Virtual Reality (VR) has been studied and widely used in education for quite a long time. It is evidenced as an effective tool in social skills training for children and adolescents with ASD by improving their emotion recognition ability and social reciprocity. Furthermore, by imitating real-world circumstances, VR can provide repeatable social scenarios for ASD children and adolescents to explore safely. This paper followed PRISMA systematic review design to analyze imperial studies on social skills training for children and adolescents with ASD. A total of 276 participants were analyzed in the five selected articles from two hundred and fifteen records. The result showed that VR was effective and feasible for social skills interventions in all five studies.

Dimensions of Multicultural Education for Equal Rights

Opening the horizons of teachers becomes urgent in reading diversity as a necessity in the educational environment. The purpose of this study is to reformulate the meaning of education that seats students as human beings who continue to grow, and abandon violence in the world of education. Madrasa is homogeny religious, so the pattern of diversity in question is cognitive, physical and socio-cultural-economic. This research was carried out by ethnographic method with the locus of MTs throughout Cilacap Regency. The results showed: 1) The reading of diversity is interpreted in the historical sense of diversity in the Bhineka Tunggal Ika; 2) Madrasa as the cultivation of diversity values is carried out by changing the curriculum, strategies, learning models and methods, and Teachers' views on diversity; 3) Praxis for the implementation of multicultural education in madrasas is carried out by: integrative learning plans based on diversity backgrounds; Plural Classroom Management and Diversity Learning Strategies; Ethnic Studies and Social Communication Interactions and Interpersonal Relationships; Madrasa as a Medium for Maintaining Tradition in the midst of Modernity.

An Exploratory Model for Face Recognition Problem in Autism: An Artificial Neural Network Approach

Studies have shown that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to gaze aversion during social interaction. It also has been observed that autistic people have significant problems in performing social tasks, including face recognition. Researches emphasize the role of facial gaze, especially visual communication in social interaction and learning. In this paper, we propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to model ASD’s deficiency in face recognition. We used Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face database and chose pictures that fitted our desires. The ANN was trained and tested in three trial experiments; in experiment 1 (exp. 1), we used pictures with up-masked faces (the upper half of the faces had been blurred) in order to model ASD’s face recognition problem, in experiment 2 (exp. 2), pictures with normal pictures was used for simulation normal individuals’ face recognition; and in experiment 3 (exp. 3), we used pictures with down-masked faces as a test group. Testing results show a 20.00% error in the exp. 1, 4.44% error in the exp. 2, and 10.00% error in the exp. 3. Based on these results, the proposed network emphasizes the face recognition problem in ASD as a result of eye contact aversion.