Adolescent Communication Research Articles

Latino STYLE: Preliminary Findings From an HIV Prevention RCT Among Latino Youth.

Latino STYLE is a family-centered, HIV-focused intervention (HIV) emphasizing cultural factors and parent-adolescent communication. We hypothesized that, compared with a general health promotion (HP) intervention, the HIV arm would improve caregiver and adolescent HIV knowledge, attitudes, parental monitoring, sexual communication, and family relationships after a 3-month postintervention period. This article reports on the short-term findings of the longer trial. A single-site, two-arm, parallel, family-based, randomized, controlled trial was conducted; eligible participants were Latino adolescents aged 14-17 and their primary caregiver. The study was conducted at the University of South Florida with 227 adolescent-caregiver dyads allocated to the HIV (n = 117) or HP (n = 110) intervention after completing a baseline assessment. Interim measures at 3-month follow-up included demographics, HIV knowledge, self-efficacy, parental monitoring, sexual communication, family relationships, and adolescent sexual behavior. Adolescents in the HIV group reported small effects in parental permissiveness and the HP group reported small effects for family support. Caregivers in both groups reported decreases in all outcomes. Incidence of past 90-day sexual intercourse decreased in both treatment arms. Among those who were sexually active over the past 90 days, the number of sex acts decreased from baseline, particularly in the HIV group. The percentage of condom-protected sex acts increased in the HIV group and decreased in the HP group, but did not reach statistical significance. The HIV Latino STYLE intervention was not efficacious in improving hypothesized outcomes over a 3-month period. However, exploratory analyses revealed moderate effects for decreases in adolescent sexual risk behavior, particularly in the HIV group.

Associations Between Agency and Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication in Early Adolescence: A Cross-cultural, Cross-sectional Study

PurposeTo assess the extent to which adolescents aged 10–14 have communicated about sexual relationships, pregnancy, and contraception and how agency in the form of voice and decision-making along with an enabling socioecological environment are associated with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication. MethodsUsing data from the Global Early Adolescent Study, we included 1,367, 697, and 1,424 adolescents in Kinshasa, Cuenca, and Shanghai, respectively. Patterns of SRH communication and agency levels were described by site and sex. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed odds of SRH communication first in relation to socioecological characteristics and second with levels of agency, after adjustment for social environmental factors. Interaction terms tested sex differences in associations. ResultsExperiences of SRH communication ranged from one in ten in Kinshasa to about half in Cuenca. Pregnancy was the most discussed SRH topic. Socioecological factors consistently related to SRH communication included older age and pubertal onset, while others varied by context. In multivariable analyses, voice was linked to all forms of SRH communication in Kinshasa and Cuenca with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.6 to 2.2, but not in Shanghai. In Cuenca, decision-making was associated with a 50% and 60% increase in odds of communication about pregnancy and contraception, respectively. In Kinshasa, a stronger association between voice and pregnancy discussions was observed for girls than boys. ConclusionsDevelopmental characteristics and voice were linked to communication about SRH among young adolescents across two contexts. Results suggest agency may play a role in shaping antecedents, like communication, to sexual behaviors.

Communication matters: The role of autonomy-supportive communication by health care providers and parents in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Although research exists on parental communication in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the role of communication by health care providers remains understudied. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study examined the role of autonomy-supportive communication (i.e., providing meaningful rationale and offering choices with regard to treatment recommendations) by providers and parents, and how they interact in the prediction of diabetes outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, 135 adolescents (mean age 14.3±2.1SD years), 171 mothers, and 121 fathers reported on autonomy-supportive communication from health care providers and parents, and on adolescent treatment adherence. HbA1c values were retrieved from the medical record. In adolescent reports, perceived autonomy-supportive communication from providers but not from parents was positively related to treatment adherence. A significant interaction between autonomy-supportive communication from providers and parents pointed to the highest level of treatment adherence when adolescents perceived both providers and parents as autonomy-supportive. In contrast, parental reports revealed that parental autonomy-supportive communication was positively related to treatment adherence, whereas autonomy-supportive communication by providers was not. Autonomy-supportive communication by providers and parents is associated with better treatment adherence in adolescents with T1D. Interventions to improve autonomy-supportive communication by parents and providers may improve treatment adherence of adolescents (e.g., communication training).

Incidence and risk factors of communication, swallowing, and orofacial myofunctional disorders in children and adolescents with cancer and benign neoplasms

To describe the incidence and risk factors of communication, swallowing, and orofacial myofunctional disorders in a cohort of children and adolescents with cancer and benign neoplasms. A prospective cohort study conducted with children aged ⩾ 2 years and adolescents of both genders admitted at the Pediatric Oncology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) between March 2014 and April 2015. Study participants were submitted to a Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) assessment at three different times: (T1) at hospital admission; (T2) six months after admission; (T3) one year after admission. One hundred and sixty individuals were evaluated. At the time of hospital admission, 68 individuals (42.5%) presented with some type of SLP disorder. After one year of follow-up, 22.8% of the patients had developed new impairments. The occurrence of new speech-language disorders had a statistically significant association with the tumor site. In the risk analysis for the development of speech-language disorders with respect to the primary tumor site, compared to other sites, the central nervous system (CNS) tumor group was 8.29 times more likely to present some new alterations, while the head and neck (HN) tumor group had a 10.36-fold higher risk. An incidence of 22.8% for communication, swallowing, and orofacial myofunctional disorders was observed. The development of these disorders was greater in individuals with tumors in the CNS and in the HN region.

Conversation Cards for Adolescents ©: a patient-centered communication and behavior change tool for adolescents with obesity and health care providers

ABSTRACT Background: Health care providers (HCPs) report barriers to effective communication with adolescents with obesity when discussing lifestyle behavior change and may benefit from tailored health communication tools to use during consultations with this uniquely challenging group of patients. Our purpose was to describe the content, design, production, dissemination, and application of Conversation Cards for Adolescents © (CCAs), a patient-centered, bilingual (English and French) tool intended to facilitate adolescent-HCP communication as well as lifestyle and behavior changes among adolescents with obesity. Methods: Our multiple mixed-methods, cross-language, and patient-oriented research included three interrelated steps and was conducted in 2018–19 with 19 adolescents with obesity, 3 HCPs, and profit and non-profit organizations. These included data prioritization activities (Step 1), semi-structured telephone interviews (Step 2), and production and dissemination in collaboration with Obesity Canada (Step 3). Results: In Step 1, adolescents prioritized 153 barriers, enablers, and recommendations related to the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with obesity. In Step 2, adolescents, HCPs, and researchers co-designed CCAs, which resulted in creating a hard copy deck of 45 cards organized into seven suits that were equally distributed across three categories (barriers, enablers, recommendations). In Step 3, 500 English and 200 French copies of CCAs were refined, produced and disseminated online. Conclusions: Our research generated a practical, patient-centered, bilingual tool for HCPs that was designed to optimize clinical communication and tailored messaging for lifestyle behavior change among adolescents with obesity.

Home-based sex communication, school coverage of sex, and problems in sexual functioning among adolescents

Young people experience problems in sexual functioning at high rates. Sexual health education (SHE) has been found to reduce risk for negative outcomes, yet research has not addressed how SHE is related to problems in sexual functioning among adolescents. The current study assessed how perceived quality of sexual education at home and quality of coverage of sexual health topics in school are related to sexual functioning among adolescents. Adolescents (N = 411, 16–21 years) completed measures of sexual functioning and related distress, sexual self-esteem, and school SHE and home-based sex communication. Lower sexual-self-esteem was related to higher odds of reporting a sexual problem as well as more distress about these problems. After controlling for sexual self-esteem, higher perceived quality of home-based communication with parents about sex was associated with lower odds of having one or more sexual problems (OR = .80), but higher odds of having distressing sexual problems (OR = 1.51) for male adolescents only. Quality of coverage of sex topics in SHE was unrelated. These findings suggest that home-based sex communication for male adolescents may be important for experiencing problems overall, but also may contribute to heightened distress should a problem occur. Results are discussed in terms of differential socialization by parents in communicating with sons and daughters about sex.

Communication Patterns of Adolescents on Social Networks

The article is devoted to the features and specifics of social network communication of adolescents on the Internet. VKontakte, Instagram and Twitter, the most popular social networks among teenagers, are considered as a special social environment, which is an integral part of the daily communication of a modern teenager. In the theoretical base, the author relied on the concept of M. McLuhan, the dramatic sociology of I. Hoffman and the theory of network societies M. Castells. Based on the results of a qualitative study in the form of personal interviews with adolescents, the author creates a ‘profile’ of social networks in the understanding of adolescents: describes the distinctive characteristics of adolescents using social networks VKontakte, Instagram and Twitter as communication channels, the dynamics of the use of social networks for adolescents’ self-determination, were highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of having accounts on social networks from the point of view of adolescents.

Communication on Sexuality Between Parents and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

The objective of this systematic review was to identify and analyze the information available on sexual communication between parents and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco, Embase, Scielo, Google Scholar, Scirus and Redalyc databases were used to find articles. The inclusion criteria were studies published in indexed databases in English, Spanish and Portuguese with a quantitative and qualitative approach in full text, studies that include a population of parents of adolescents with ASD and adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD, and studies that covered communication about sexuality. Keywords combined with Boolean operators were used. Three topics were identified that covered the communication of parents and adolescents with ASD: sexual issues, parents' romantic expectations, and sexual experiences. This systematic review highlights the need for training of health professionals and sex education programs for parents of adolescents with ASD.

Cross-Cultural Examination of Links between Parent\u2013Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychological Problems in 12 Cultural Groups

Internalizing and externalizing problems increase during adolescence. However, these problems may be mitigated by adequate parenting, including effective parent–adolescent communication. The ways in which parent-driven (i.e., parent behavior control and solicitation) and adolescent-driven (i.e., disclosure and secrecy) communication efforts are linked to adolescent psychological problems universally and cross-culturally is a question that needs more empirical investigation. The current study used a sample of 1087 adolescents (M = 13.19 years, SD = 0.90, 50% girls) from 12 cultural groups in nine countries including China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States to test the cultural moderation of links between parent solicitation, parent behavior control, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent secrecy with adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. The results indicate that adolescent-driven communication, and secrecy in particular, is intertwined with adolescents’ externalizing problems across all cultures, and intertwined with internalizing problems in specific cultural contexts. Moreover, parent-driven communication efforts were predicted by adolescent disclosure in all cultures. Overall, the findings suggest that adolescent-driven communication efforts, and adolescent secrecy in particular, are important predictors of adolescent psychological problems as well as facilitators of parent–adolescent communication.

Parent-Adolescent Communication On Reproductive Health and Sexual Of Adolescent

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In adolescence, there are various changes, both physical, cognitive, and social, which cause adolescents vulnerable to reproductive health problems. The family as the closest part of adolescence is one of the main factors in improving adolescent reproductive health and has a very important role in providing sexual and reproductive health information to adolescents. Objective: to find out the communication between parents and teenagers about sexual and reproductive health. Method: The design used is a systematic review. Journal searches are conducted on online databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Journals, articles, and literature reviews were found using keywords parent-adolescent communication, sexual and reproductive health, adolescents. Results: A total of 7 journal articles selected from 28 articles showed that communication between parents and adolescents regarding reproductive and sexual health was very important to do. However, the implementation is still lacking due to various factors such as lack of parental knowledge, parents lacking in communication skills, the presence of shame, and cultural influences that consider reproductive and sexual health issues as taboo to be discussed with adolescents. Discussion: The communication of parents and adolescents regarding reproductive and sexual health has been widely investigated in various countries. Interventions are needed to improve the quality of communication between parents and adolescents through increasing the knowledge of parents of these adolescents.

Adolescent Parent Communication Concerning Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues Among Sendafa High School and Preparatory Students

Globally, adolescents constitute about one billion of the world’s population, with majority living in developing nations. Adolescent parent communication is among several strategies that improves sexual and reproductive health issues. The aim of this study was to determine adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among Sendafa high school students. Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May to July, 2016 G. C., at Sendafa high school and preparatory students. All unmarried and aged 13-24, who are attending school during the data collection were included in the study. Study participants were interviewed about their socio demographic characteristics and level of communication with their parents using structured questionnaire. Data were checked for completeness and entered into EPI Info and transferred for analysis to SPSS version 20 software. A total of 304 sendafa high school students were assessed for adolescent parent communication regarding sexual and reproductive health issues during study period. The mean age of the respondents was 16.77±1.78SD, with a range of 13- 24 years. 190 (62.5%) of students were agreed on the importance of adolescent parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. 163 (55.9%) and 161 (53.2%) of study participants were discussed with their parents on contraceptive method and STI/HIV/AIDS respectively. 155 (50.9%) of respondents reported that they choices their friends, while 62 (20.4%) and 45 (14.8%) of the study participants choices their sister and mother respectively. According to the finding of the present study the parent adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health issues were low. Therefore, training and education to improve the adolescent-parent communication is recommended for the both.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АГРЕССИВНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ВО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ ПОДРОСТКОВ

Known, aggression, of course, is often present in the communication of adolescents. The aggression, as a term, includes not only verbal and physical aggression, but also using the friendship influence a third person. There is the concept of reputational aggression, which involves spreading rumors about another person in order to damage his or her reputation. Typically, adolescents first apply reputational aggression, and then aggression by attitude to show their strength and emphasize the confidence of their status. Aggressive behavior as a whole has been widely studied in different psychological schools. In this case, a behavioral approach is used in which aggression is a consequence of personality frustration. Moreover, aggression can be direct, indirect, directed at another person or at himself. Frustration and aggression can occur in a situation of social comparison, which is typical in adolescence. However, it is necessary to take into account the orientation of aggression, its destructive properties for the individual and others, as well as the consequences that it may entail. And since a person is still in the process of becoming a teenager, there is hope and the opportunity to learn how to manage his emotions and constructively work out aggressive intentions. In the article, considers various psychological approaches specificated at adolescence. And all the psychologists agree that adolescence cannot be provided without aggression in communication and behavior. In this connection, the article raises the question of the findings and orientation of aggression in adolescents. Also analyzes the interpersonal communication in adolescence. In this case, we used to analyze specificity of teenage behavior in frustration situations and how they can observe their potential emotions in different context. And studying of the specifics of interpersonal interaction of adolescents. Features of interpersonal interaction of adolescents are considered from the point of view of Rosenzweig’s S. frustration theory and the main three types of personality orientation identified by him (extrapunitive, impusive, intropunitive). The presence and specifics of the manifestation of aggression in adolescents are analyzed using projective methods: Murray R. apperceptive test, Wagner’s E. Hand Test. An analysis of the relationship of a teenager in different social groups was also carried out using the Sacks-Levy projective method Sentence completion test SSCT. Based on the receiving data, the specific features of the manifestation of an aggressive orientation for three types of personality orientation are identified with the help of combination of all receiving data. Provided conclusion gives not only understanding of the analyzed data, but contain some ideas for the future investigations.

The Effect of Bullying on Depression, Academic Activity, and Communication in Adolescents in Surakarta: A Multilevel Logistic Regression

Background: Human interaction requires com­munication as a transmission of informa­tion, ideas, emotions, skills, and so on. Com­mu­nica­tion occurs when a source conveys a message to the recipient with a conscious in­ten­tion to influ­ence the recipient's behavior. One of the pro­blems in social communication is bully­ing. Bully­ing or harassment can be through words or through actions that aim to make the opponent's mental fall and pressure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence bullying against depres­sion with the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectio­nal study conducted in junior high schools in Surakarta, in December 2019. A total sample of 250 adolescents was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was bullying. The inde­pen­dent variables were perceived sus­ceptibility, perceived severity, cues to action, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, depres­sion, academic activi­ties, and communication. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple multilevel logistic regres­sion run on Stata 13. Results: Bullying increased depression (b= 3.69; 95% CI= 1.51 to 9.00; p= 0.004) and poor communication (b= 4.95; 95% CI= 2.24 to 10.89; p <0.001). Bullying decreased academic achievement (b= - 5.68; 95% CI= -12.33 to -2.62; p<0.001). School had strong contextual effect on depression with ICC= ICC= 20.91%. Conclusion: Bullying increases depression and poor communication. Bullying decreases academic achievement. School has strong con­textual effect on depression. Keywords: bullying, depression, Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory Correspondence: Kiyat Sudrajad. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Su­ta­mi 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Ema­il­: kiyatrambo­@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­5­6­47­1­16834. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(02): 79-86 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.02.02

Family Implicit Rules, Shame, and Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Communication Behaviors

This study examined the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent prosocial and antisocial communication behaviors. Data came from two-parent families in Wave 5 of the Flourishing Families Project which consisted of 322 families (fathers, mothers, and children ages 13–17). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. Each of the family members’ perceptions was used to assess constraining family rules and facilitative family rules. Findings showed a direct positive relationship between facilitative family process rules and prosocial communication and a negative relationship with antisocial communication for both girls and boys. Constraining family process rules were also positively related to antisocial communication behaviors in adolescents. Shame was a significant mediator of the relationship between facilitative family rules and prosocial behavior as well as between constraining family rules and antisocial behavior.

Nurse to adolescent health communication process: approach to Event History Calendar.

comprehend the Event History Calendar components that are relevant for the nurse to adolescent communicative process, in the context of Primary Health Care. reflective study, based on the Event History Calendar approach, in the relational, communicative, and educational dimensions. best practices for adolescent health promotion are vital and constitute a challenge to nurses. The Event History Calendar is a potential tool for research and care practices to comprehend the needs of adolescents, with reminder of key personal events, culturally and socially specific. The comprehension of retrospective data referring to activities, behaviors, experiences and transitions of life, in certain periods of time, enables dialogue and new understandings about the history of adolescents. the Event History Calendar provides nursing professionals with an expansion of their practice in educational, relational, and communicative dimensions, as well as to instruct care planning and management.

Feasibility, user experiences, and preliminary effect of Conversation Cards for Adolescents\xa9 on collaborative goal-setting and behavior change: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAdolescents and providers can benefit from practical tools targeting lifestyle modification for obesity prevention and management. We created Conversation Cards for Adolescents© (CCAs), a patient-centered communication and behavior change tool for adolescents and providers to use in clinical practice. The purpose of our study is to (i) assess the feasibility of CCAs in a real-world, practice setting to inform full-scale trial procedures, (ii) assess user experiences of CCAs, and (iii) determine the preliminary effect of CCAs on changing behavioral and affective-cognitive outcomes among adolescents.MethodsStarting in early 2019, this prospective study is a nested mixed-methods, theory-driven, and pragmatic pilot randomized controlled trial with a goal to enroll 50 adolescents (13–17 years old) and 9 physicians practicing at the Northeast Community Health Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Adolescents will collaboratively set one S.M.A.R.T. (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely) goal with their physician to implement over a 3-week period; however, only those randomized to the experimental group will use CCAs to inform their goal. Outcome assessments at baseline and follow-up (3 weeks post-baseline) will include behavioral, affective-cognitive, and process-related outcomes.DiscussionIn examining the feasibility, user experiences, and preliminary effect of CCAs, our study will add contributions to the obesity literature on lifestyle modifications among adolescents in a real-world, practice setting as well as inform the scalability of our approach for a full-scale effectiveness randomized controlled trial on behavior change.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03821896.

Analysis of communication styles between adolescents and parents (example of Kyrgyzstan)

In this study, the aim was to determine the motivation levels of primary school fourth grade students with regard to their. The purpose of this study is to explain the forms of communication of adolescents with parents, problems in the school, sexual identities, conflicts with parents, how parents behave towards adolescents, the reasons of physical and mental changes experienced by adolescents and adolescents, to determine the anxiety and fear of adolescents and to reveal the expectations of parents from adolescents. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 academic year with 780 students, including 380 male, 400 female and 45 parents who have students in the same school.. According to the data obtained from the scale, the scores of girls were higher than males. Besides, the scores of the families with lower income were higher than the middle and upper groups.&#x0D; Keywords: Adolescent, parent, adolescent communication, adolescent parent.

A Warm Nest or 'The Talk'? Exploring and Explaining Relations Between General and Sexuality-Specific Parenting and Adolescent Sexual Emotions.

The aim of the study was to explore and explain two hypothesized indirect longitudinal pathways and investigate gender differences in linking parenting factors to adolescents' sexual emotions. The general pathway expected higher parent-adolescent relationship quality to be related to more positive and less negative sexual emotions through higher adolescent global self-esteem. The sexuality-specific pathway expected more frequent parent-adolescent sexual communication to be related to more positive and less negative sexual emotions through higher adolescent sexual autonomy. Online questionnaire data were used from three waves of Project STARS, a longitudinal study on adolescent sexual development. The analysis sample included 248 sexually experienced adolescents (M= 14.74 years at baseline). Adolescents reported on the quality of their parent-adolescent relationship, how often they discussed sexual topics with their parents, their global self-esteem, sexual autonomy, and experience of positive (happy, proud, and loved) and negative (dirty, ashamed, and guilty) emotions after having sex. Overall, adolescents experienced more positive than negative emotions after sex. Mplus path model results indicated that, first, higher parent-adolescent relationship quality was related to higher adolescent global self-esteem, but global self-esteem was not related to sexual emotions. Second, more frequent parent-adolescent sexual communication was related to more adolescent sexual autonomy, and more sexual autonomy was related to more positive and less negative sexual emotions. However, no significant indirect effects, nor gender differences were found. Adolescents' sexual autonomy appears to play a particularly important role in how they experience having sex. Concrete suggestions for how the development of adolescents' sexual autonomy may be supported are discussed.

Adolescent smoking behavior and communication with parents: Depression as a mediator and gender as a moderator

Parent–adolescent communication is assumed to be an important factor affecting adolescent smoking behavior. However, the inner mechanism accounting for this association has still not been clarified in research. Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between parent–adolescent communication, adolescent smoking behavior, and depression, as well as gender differences in the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Participants were 1,134 students at 6 junior high schools in China who completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Smoking Behavior Test. Results showed that parent-adolescent communication had a significant negative effect on adolescent smoking behavior and depression partially mediated the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Overall, these findings may help to promote better understanding of the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior.

Parent–adolescent communication and Chinese adolescents’ self-esteem: A cross-lagged model

We investigated the reciprocal relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescents’ self-esteem with a sample of 296 Chinese junior middle school students over a course of approximately 3 months, using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. The results showed that both parent–adolescent communication and adolescent self-esteem had invariant autoregressive effects over the 3 months. In addition, parent–adolescent communication had a significant crosslagged effect on adolescent self-esteem and vice versa, indicating reciprocal effects between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent self-esteem over time. Our findings suggest that multilevel intervention incorporating individual counseling and family intervention is more effective in improving parent–adolescent communication and adolescent self-esteem than either individual counseling or family intervention alone.