Communication Control System Research Articles

A Systemic Review of the Cybersecurity Challenges in Australian Water Infrastructure Management

Cybersecurity risks have become obstinate problems for critical water infrastructure management in Australia and worldwide. Water management in Australia involves a vast complex of smart technical control systems interconnected with several networks, making the infrastructure susceptible to cyber-attacks. Therefore, ensuring the use of security mechanisms in the control system modules and communication networks for sensors and actuators is vital. The statistics show that Australia is facing frequent cyber-attacks, most of which are either undetected or overlooked or require immediate response. To address these cyber risks, Australia has changed from a country with negligible recognition of attacks on critical infrastructure to a country with improved capability to manage cyber warfare. However, little attention is paid to reducing the risk of attacks to the critical water infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate Australia’s current cybersecurity attack landscape and the implemented controls for water infrastructure using a systematic literature review (SLR). This study also compares Australia in the context of global developments and proposes future research directions. The synthesis of the evidence from 271 studies in this review indicates the importance of managing security vulnerabilities and threats in SCADA water control systems, including the need to upgrade the contemporary water security architecture to mitigate emerging risks. Moreover, human resource development with a specific focus on security awareness and training for SCADA employees is found to be lacking, which will be essential for alleviating cyber threats to the water infrastructure in Australia.

Application of Photoelectric Sensor Network in Substation Network Communication System

Photoelectric sensor refers to the sensor based on photoelectric effect. In recent years, with the continuous development and stability of photoelectric sensor, more attention has been paid to its wide application and practicability in substation. The substation communication control system will be affected by the communication system structure and communication mode, so it is necessary to make a comprehensive analysis and concrete judgment to find the best control system method and application. Because of its good insulation, strong anti-interference ability, small size and light weight, photoelectric sensors are widely used in substation communication systems. The application of photoelectric sensors in substation communication system has changed the substation communication system and structure. This paper analyzes the principle and technical characteristics of photoelectric sensor, and discusses its influence on structural communication of substation communication control system. As a new type of electronic transformer, the application of electric sensor will have a profound impact on substation automation system.

Performance simulation analysis of new train control system safety communication protocol based on Matlab/SimEvents

The vehicle-ground safety communication of the New Train Control System adopts a brand-new underlying network and a communication mechanism of safe and reliable transmission. Based on the GPRS packet switching network, the data link layer adopts the PPP protocol, and the TCP protocol is adopted in the transmission layer to provide reliable transmission services. According to the GPRS network service quality index and the retransmission mechanism of the TCP protocol in the transport layer, this paper adopts the Matlab/SimEvents discrete event simulation method and uses the entity as the communication carrier to conduct a hierarchical and modular system-level modeling of New Train Control System vehicle-ground communication protocol. It simulates the communication process of the message from the application layer, the security layer to the transport layer, and finally transmitted on the GPRS network channel with random delay and packet loss probability. From the quantitative point of view, this paper analyzes the safety connection establishment time and success rate of the new train control system vehicle-ground wireless communication under different channel conditions, the timeliness of the non-periodic message receiving a reply to complete the specific scene function, and the reliability of the periodic message receiving delay. The analysis results show that the new train control system vehicle-ground wireless communication adopts GPRS network and TCP protocol retransmission mechanism to improve the real-time and reliability of communication.

Does corporate governance moderate the relationship between internal control system effectiveness and SMEs financial performance in Ghana?

The study examined the effect of the major component of an internal control system according to the COSO framework on the financial performance of SMEs registered with the Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) in Ghana. The study further examined the moderating role of corporate governance practice on the relationship between the components of the internal control system and the financial performance of SMEs registered with AGI. The study surveyed 300 SMEs registered with AGI in Ghana using a questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis to achieve the above-stated objectives. The results of the study showed that all the five major components of the internal control system (control environment, control activities, risk assessment, information, and communication and monitoring) have a positive and significant relationship with the financial performance of SMEs registered with AGI. The study further revealed that effective corporate governance practice moderates the relationship between all five components of the internal control system and the financial performance of SMEs registered with AGI in Ghana. The interaction between the independent variables and financial performance is stronger with the introduction of corporate governance practices.

A Bidirectional Active-Alignment Control System for LED Communication

LED-based free-space optical communication is becoming a promising alternative to the traditional acoustics mode of underwater communication because of its low cost, high data rate, and low power consumption. However, a fundamental challenge associated with the free space optical communication systems is to establish and maintain line-of-sight (LOS) between the two communicating agents. It becomes even more challenging when the agents are in motion, requiring an alignment system that enables each agent to point itself towards the LOS direction continuously. This paper presents a bi-directional active alignment control approach for the LED-based communication system of two robots, where the robots navigate in a three-dimensional (3D) space. We propose an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based alignment approach, where the estimates of azimuthal and elevation components of heading bias with the LOS are used to correct the alignment. We introduce and implement a new circular scanning technique on a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) rotational system mounted on each robot that enables consecutive independent measurements from a single photo-diode to satisfy the observability constraints of the EKF. Furthermore, we explore a synchronized alternating scheme to address the bidirectional nature of the problem. The scanning amplitude is further adjusted based on the EKF estimation covariance, to balance the trade-off between estimation accuracy and actuation effort. The presented results support the efficacy of the proposed method in the presence of slow relative motion between two robots, and demonstrate its superiority over an extremum-seeking (ES) based approach across a wide range of distances between the robots.

Supporting Safe Priority Adjustment for Software-Defined Real-Time Networking

It is essential to support real-time communication in networked control systems, such as automotive systems or smart factories. Several studies have been conducted to schedule real-time flows by adjusting their priorities using software-defined networking (SDN). However, because its architecture was not initially designed for real-time communication, unexpected challenges may occur if it is not utilized carefully. In particular, because SDN does not provide an atomic method for priority adjustment, some flows may violate their timing constraints by receiving additional interference during priority adjustment. In this letter, we propose novel schemes to update the flow priorities safely in SDN-based real-time systems. To this end, we first analyze such problems through two types of cases. Then, we develop schemes that determine a safe procedure for priority adjustment and synchronize the priority settings of all switches. By network emulations, we demonstrate that the above problem occurs in 149 out of 300 flow sets, but our schemes can effectively prevent all of them.

Traffic Prediction for Intelligent Transportation Systems using Machine Learning

Over the past few decades, ITS have spiked an increasing research interest as a promising discipline for revolutionizing the transportation sector and solving common traffic and vehicle-related problems. ITS comprise a multitude of interconnected engineering feats that function as an entity for optimizing network-scale travel experiences from a technical, social, economic, and environmental aspect. Such optimizations necessitate the advancement of information and communication technologies, electronic sensors, control systems, and computers, which high-lights the data-driven nature of modern ITS. In this paper we design a system which uses machine learning algorithm using SVM, KNN and CNN algorithm which is a novel system which will provide intelligence to the current traffic control system present at a four-way junction. This ML technique is mainly aimed to replace the existing traffic light control system with artificial intelligence system. Nowadays most cities are equipped with CCTV cameras on the roads and the junctions, the basic idea is to collect the live video from the CCTV cameras and detect the number of vehicles on each lane and feed the data into another machine learning algorithm. according to the data of each lane changes into the light phase of the green signal. This system mainly aims to increase the traffic efficiency by increasing vehicle flow which will reduce waiting time for the vehicles. We are using HOG algorithm for feature extraction. In the implementation of the proposed architecture, we have achieved an accuracy of 86.34% for binary classification and 90.23% for multi-class classification

Communication and control methodologies in networked control systems: A review

In recent years, networked control systems have grown in importance and received increased interest as a new research subject. The process of integration of control and communication in networked control systems has posed a significant theoretical challenge for traditional control theory in terms of system design and analysis. The installation of networked control systems becomes an essential intermediate step toward the final convergence of control, communication, and computing as a result of this integration. We begin by covering the fundamentals of networked control systems, followed by an overview of current research in the subject. We hope that this brief lesson will serve as a catalyst for further research and development of networked control systems, both theoretically and in terms of practical applications.

Development of Energy- Efficient Load Balancing Scheduling Algorithm in Real-time Systems

Real- time systems are considered as one of the most important topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in various scientific and technical fields due to their widespread in many fields of communication, informatics, operating systems and automatic control systems. The basic idea in real- time systems is the execution of a set of tasks that are assigned to CPUs, within a time constraint associated with each of them, and this time constraint is called a deadline. Task scheduling in real- time systems is the main factor in determining the success or failure of the system. Therefore, many studies have imposed suggestions and hypotheses for improving scheduling, according to the underlined platform, whether it is single- processor, multi- processor, or multi- core processor. Researchers have recently focused on studying and providing solutions to scheduling problems, taking into account energy consumption since energy consumption today plays an important role in determining the efficiency and reliability of the system. Energy consumption can be saved either statically by turning the processor into sleep mode or dynamically by changing the frequency of the processor cores and thus reducing power consumption. However, a slight increase in frequency leads to executing more tasks in less time and thus can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the real- time system by reducing tasks which may miss its deadline at the time of execution. In this research, a new method has been proposed to control the processor frequency in an optimal manner that makes a balanced trade- off between power consumption and execution of tasks in real- time systems.

Design and Control of a Multi-Axis Servo Motion Chair System Based on a Microcontroller

In this study, we present a design and a control based on a microcontroller for a multi-axis servo motion chair. The main purpose was to provide the pilot with the tactile sensations required by the human body to increase the immersion of simulation training. With high system control reliability and multi-functionality, the proposed architecture was built with an effective split of the control tasks involved between a master controller and five slave drivers. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed control system, RS485 and RS232 communication transmission interfaces were provided for the control system to obtain related movement information. The performance of the motion chair was assessed through various experimental tests. The results confirmed that the proposed multi-core system-on-chip microcontroller (MCU) with independent communication and real-time control subsystems was feasible to control a multi-axis servo motion chair system.

Active multiplicative cyberattack detection utilizing controller switching for process systems

Multiplicative cyberattacks manipulating data over the process control system (PCS) communication links are cyberattacks that malicious agents may carry out against PCSs. These attacks are modeled by multiplying the data communicated over the link by a factor, and may be designed to be stealthy without extensive knowledge of process dynamics. The current work characterizes the relationship between the control system parameters, the closed-loop stability, and the detectability of a multiplicative sensor–controller communication link attack with respect to a class of residual-based detection schemes. The analysis reveals that control system parameters may be selected to aid in attack detection. Specifically, control system parameters, called attack-sensitive parameters, may be selected so that the closed-loop process is stable under attack-free operation and is destabilized by a cyberattack, rendering the attack detectable. With the attack-sensitive parameters, however, the attack-free closed-loop process performance may be worse than that with parameters selected based on standard design criteria. To address the potential trade-off between attack-free closed-loop performance and attack detectability, a novel active attack detection methodology utilizing control system parameter switching is developed. The control system switches between the nominal parameters (selected based on standard design criteria) and the attack-sensitive parameters to improve attack detection capabilities while avoiding substantial degradation in the attack-free closed-loop performance. The active detection methodology is applied to an illustrative chemical process example and shown to enhance the attack detection capabilities of two representative residual-based detection schemes.

Data communications network for real-time industrial control systems

The advancements in network technologies and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) have made supporting industrial control systems over probabilistic data networks promising. However, control systems’ communication over the traditional data networks is faced with problems of instability in feedback control and poor quality of performance due to time-varying data propagation delay. This paper presents two approaches that can enable real-time industrial control over non-deterministic computer networks allowing control system designers to take advantage of the existing communication infrastructures. The first approach is based on system-level interaction over two wires network called the collaboration network. The second approach is based on the implementation of the virtual local area network (VLAN). This method allows real-time control of industrial equipment or systems over IP-based networks while other computers are connected. Nodes providing real-time control services have the same PortID on the VLAN switch. This approach minimizes data traffic and reduces time-varying delay in system control over IP networks. The first approach was modeled and simulated using Proteus ISIS software. Two PIC16F877A microcontrollers were used to represent two nodes. CISCO packet tracer was used in the second approach to model and simulate IP-based control system communications over the traditional data network. Results indicate that the use of a two-wire collaborative network approach to a real-time control system is effective but requires an additional network alongside the main data traffic channel. VLAN, therefore, presents a more flexible approach that relies on the same infrastructures.

Kesuksesan Penerapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Sistem Pengendalian Internal dan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan

The purpose of this study is explain how effect of implementation success accounting information system (quality system, use, user satisfaction, individual impact, organizational impact), internal control system (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication system, monitoring) to quality financial statement (relevance, reliable, camparability perceivable) in public hospital type b in West Java. In order to develop theoretical framework to produce hypothesis: (1) Implementation Sucdicess of Accounting Information System and Internal Control System to Financial Statement Quality on simultan. (2) Implementation Success of Accounting Information System and Internal Control System to Financial Statement Quality on partial. By using path analysis simultaneously obtained results are positive and significant influence between the success of the application of the accounting information system and the system of internal control over financial reporting quality of 70.2 % . While the partial application of the accounting information system in a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statements of 35.5 % . system of internal control is a significant positive effect on the quality of the financial statements of 34.7 % .

A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Relief-F Algorithm for Fault Power Line Recognition in Internet of Things-Based Smart Grids

Today, energy management based on the digitalization of smart grids by the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm for power line systems. There are several environmental hazards to break down high-voltage power cables such as lightning, severe voltage fluctuations, and incorrect design of electric field distribution. So, identifying faulty high-voltage power lines is one of the most emerging challenges in smart grids to avoid disruption of the power distribution networks. This paper presents a new hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Relief-F (CNN-RF) algorithm for an energy-aware collaborative learning approach to detect power line systems in smart grids. This hybrid approach ensures the stability and reliability of the defective power line system and improves the energy efficiency of the smart grids. This approach can detect the defective power line recognition using damaged power line images concerning automatic monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control system and IoT communications. By applying UAV control system and IoT communications on gathering damaged power line images, human faults and environmental hazards for extra data transmission are avoided. Experimental results show that the proposed CNN-RF model represents a high accuracy rate of 92.2% for recognizing damaged power lines. Also, the precision of damaged line detection ratio is higher than other prediction methods by the rate of 92.5%. Finally, the performance of the damaged line prediction approach in the CNN-RF method has a daily minimum cost in the IoT-based smart grids.

A DoS Attacks Detection Aglorithm Based on Snort-BASE for Robotic Arm Control Systems

In response to the frequent safety accidents of industrial robots, this paper designs and implements a safety detection system for robot control. It can perform real-time security detection of robot operations on industrial production lines to improve the security and reliability of robot control systems. This paper designs and implements a robot control system based Snort-BASE for real-time online detection of DoS attacks. The system uses a six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm as an example, uses Snort to record the network communication data of the robot arm control system in real time, and filters the network traffic through self-defined rules, and then uses the BASE analysis platform to achieve security analysis of the network traffic. The solution verifies the effectiveness of online real-time detection of attacks and visualisation of attack records by designing simulated robotic arm and real robotic arm attack experiments respectively, thus achieving the security of network communication of the robot remote control system.

Reactive and Proactive Route Evaluation in MANET

Ad hoc networks are established in small local areas and need very low infrastructure. There is no centralized control system for data communication. Due to frequently changing the position of the nodes create so many challenging issues like throughput, data loss and increase the packet delivery fraction. In this paper, An Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Ad hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector, and Multi‐path dynamic address routing protocols have been analyzed based on various data rates. The evaluation parameters are taken as: average throughput, average delay, packet delivery ratio, packet delivery fraction and latency. Implementation research work has been simulated on network simulator 2.35. It is analyzed that Ad hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocol performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio and received packets as compared to Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector and Multi‐path dynamic address routing protocols.

State of research and development of small spacecraft with optical communication

The current state of scientific and technical research and development of small space vehicles using optical communication systems is considered. The problems standing in the way of creating intersatellite optical communication are discussed as well as the mutual position of satellites determination and it tracking. Scientific tasks for the implementation of the development of an optimal reliable control system for satellite communication are defined.

Design and Performance Simulation of Computer Control System for Automatic Monitoring of Upper Computer Communication Operation State

The upper computer communication operation state automatic monitoring system is mainly used to remotely monitor the equipment, obtain various parameter indexes in the operation process of remote equipment, realize remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, and improve the management efficiency of decentralized equipment. This paper completes the design of communication, data storage, query, and other subsystems of upper and lower computers. The lower computer establishes a data channel with the OPC server through the MPI protocol and uploads the collected data to the OPC server in real time. The upper computer reads the data through the OPC server and displays the changes of monitored parameters in real time through the monitoring interface, so as to give an alarm under abnormal conditions. In addition, since the default database of Kingview is access, considering that the Microsoft Access database can store up to 2G of content, in order to upgrade and expand the subsequent system, SQL Server database is selected for data query, backup, and saving. The parameter setting method of communication control system is analyzed, the simulation model of industrial boiler control system is established by using Matlab/Simulink, and the interface between host computer software (IBCCS-e) and the model is provided. This paper analyzes the results of communication parameter adjustment. The simulation results show that the industrial boiler computer control system (IBCCS) has stable performance, low cost, convenient operation, and good maintainability. After further improvement, it has certain application value in the operation transformation of new small- and medium-sized boilers and original boilers.

Research on the oscillation of cooling grills used for terminal devices for voice communication control systems used by air traffic controllers

During this research, the analytical and numerical oscillation models have been deduced of cooling grills of terminal devices for voice communication control systems used by air traffic controllers. The adequacy of obtained models was verified by a full-scale experiment. Vibration stability of telecommunication terminal cases has high importance for the high-quality reproduction of voice information. Obtained results make it possible to solve two problems at once – problem of reducing heat pressure and of increasing vibration stability of audio reproduction device cases.

Decentralized Platoon Join-in-Middle Protocol Considering Communication Delay for Connected and Automated Vehicle.

Cooperative driving is an essential component of intelligent transport systems (ITSs). It promises greater safety, reduced accidents, efficient traffic flow, and fuel consumption reduction. Vehicle platooning is a representative service model for ITS. The principal sub-systems of platooning systems for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems and platoon management systems. Based on vehicle state information received through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, the CACC system allows platoon vehicles to maintain a narrower safety distance. In addition, the platoon management system using V2V communications allows vehicles to perform platoon maneuvers reliably and accurately. In this paper, we propose a CACC system with a variable time headway and a decentralized platoon join-in-middle maneuver protocol with a trajectory planning system considering the V2V communication delay for CAVs. The platoon join-in-middle maneuver is a challenging research subject as the research must consider the requirement of a more precise management protocol and lateral control for platoon safety and string stability. These CACC systems and protocols are implemented on a simulator for a connected and automated vehicle system, PreScan, and we validated our approach using a realistic control system and V2V communication system provided by PreScan.