Territorial Communities Research Articles

Sacred Buildings of Kramatorshchyna in the Conditions of Russian Aggression of 2022–2024: Losses and Ways of Recovery

The state of the sacred buildings in the Kramatorsk district of Donetsk region, on the eve and during the full-scale Russian military aggression of 2022–2024 is investigated in the article. The main aspects of the history of temples’ building in Kramatorshchyna during the late 20th – early 21st centuries are described. In particular, it is emphasized that during the specified period, the active revival of the Holy Mountains Lavra of the Holy Dormition has taken place; its churches of St. Nicholas, St. Dormition, and St. Pokrovsky, etc. have been restored. At the same time, the famous Lavra sketes are renewed: in the villages of Adamivka, Bohorodychne, Dolyna, Tetianivka and the city of Sviatohirsk. The active process of building churches has continued in the other villages and towns of the district. It is noted that, on the eve of the Russian invasion on February 24, 2022 into Ukraine, the sacred architecture of Kramatorshchyna has been related primarily to the Holy Mountains Lavra. It has been the core of its cultural and touristic potential. The data on damaged and destroyed churches for the period of 2022–2024 is collected and systematized in the article. It is found out, in particular, that 43 religious objects have been damaged during this time. Most of them belong to the Orthodox-Christian jurisdiction, although we also have destruction of Protestant and Islamic religious architecture, etc. It is ascertained that the main part of the shrines damaged in the spring of 2022, mainly in May, is situated on the territory of Sviatohirsk and Lyman communities. It is emphasized that this phenomenon is connected with active hostilities for the localities of Lyman, Sviatohirsk and the Siverskyi Donets river. It should be mentioned, that not only sacred buildings of Sviatohirshchyna and Lymanshchyna are affected, but also of Kostiantynivska, Kramatorska, Slovianska, Mykolaivska, Oleksandrivska and Druzhkivska communities. In general, it is stated that the full-scale war has caused irreparable losses to the religious buildings of the Kramatorsk district. It is noted also in the article, that the restoration of destroyed churches depends entirely on the further nature and development of hostilities. On the other hand, measures aimed at eliminating their consequences have already been carried out in the vast majority of temples those received light and are medium damaged. Finally, the issue of taking into account objects of sacred architecture that have historical and cultural value is raised. It is emphasized that the local authorities of Donetsk region and other oblasts of Ukraine now face the urgent task of identifying and registering objects of cultural heritage. The identified problem has prospects for further research on materials from other raions of Donechchyna and the regions of Ukraine.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

The presented article presents the results of the conducted theoretical and experimental research, considers current issues, and analyzes the legal aspects of the complex planning of the spatial development of the territories of territorial communities.Comprehensive spatial planning of the territories of territorial communities must be considered as a set of actions regarding the determination of areas for resettlement, places of employment, recreation and rehabilitation of the population, engineering and transport infrastructure through the development and further approval of documentation on spatial planning and compliance with its decisions in the long term. The comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the territorial community, which is both documentation with land management and urban planning documentation at the local level, is basically aimed at solving urban planning needs, but it only partially solves the issue of spatial development of land use.Spatial planning of community territories lays a solid foundation for the integration of urban planning and land management design solutions and at the same time creates challenges related to the need to create conditions for the relationship between management objects in both branches, information system structures, scope of works, integration of documentation.One of the most important strategic directions of integrated spatial planning of the territories of territorial communities is the development of ecologically safe, rational land use, as well as the introduction of functional territories of land use development, the formation of land use resistance to excessive anthropogenic influence during the implementation of agricultural activities aimed at greening and capitalization of land use, regulation of boundaries between urban and rural areas. According to the results of the research, a method of creating a model of the actual use of the land of the conditional territorial community of the comprehensive spatial development plan of the territory of the territorial community is proposed.

Water resources of the Podilia region and their use

Purpose. To analyze the state of water resources of the Podilsk region and the territorial features of water use in order to optimize their use. Methods. Methods of system-structural analysis, statistical, cartographic, modeling. Rresults. The current state and peculiarities of the use of water resources in the territory of the administrative districts of the Podilsk region were analyzed according to the indicators of total water intake from natural water bodies, the use of fresh water in general and the sectoral structure of water use. The main consumers of water resources in the region are industrial enterprises and housing and communal services. The largest share of underground water intake is in Ternopil Oblast, and the smallest in Vinnytsia, which is related to natural reserves of underground water. The largest volumes of water intake from natural water bodies and the use of fresh water are observed in the Khmelnytskyi region, and the smallest - in the Ternopil region. The analysis of the dynamics of water use indicators over the period 2020-2022 determined a decrease in the volume of water intake, especially in 2022, in all regions of the region. The largest share of water is used in the regions of the region for production needs. Conclusions. The dynamics of water consumption in all regions of the region has a tendency to decrease the volume of water intake. There are certain differences in the amount of surface and underground water intake. For many administrative districts and territorial communities, the problem of rational use of water resources is relevant.

Ecosystem services of "Zagrebell" regional landscape park in the urbanized environment of Ternopol: conceptual frameworks, approaches to assessment

Purpose. To consider the problem of the lack of a regulated regulatory and legal environment, complex methods and systematic practices of ecosystem services assessment in Ukraine. Results. The problem of the lack of a regulated regulatory and legal environment, complex methods and systematic practices of evaluating ecosystem services in Ukraine is considered. An assessment of the value of these services for the urban ecosystem of Ternopil was carried out using the materials of the regional landscape park "Zagrebellya". It was noted that the annual cost of ecosystem services is 16 billion 586 million 627 thousand 610 UAH. For comparison, the annual budget of Ternopil is UAH 3.3967 billion. (2024). Such a comparison is evidence that the cost of ecosystem services of natural landscapes of the RLP is not only 4.9 times higher than the annual budget of the city. These services are directly consumed by people and are primarily beneficial to local residents, because they are the ones who receive them, and if they sell them on, they become an intermediary between ecosystems and the end users of their services. Competent use of this group of services is an important window of opportunity for each of the territorial communities. In the future, it is important to implement the category "ecosystem service" in the legislative and other normative legal acts of Ukraine and to develop and implement payments for ecosystem services in the practice of budget planning. Conclusion. Ukraine faces the needs of modern modernization of the principles of sustainable development and inclusion in the development processes of ecosystem management. It can take place only on the basis of Ukraine's involvement in international trends of inclusion of natural ecosystem services in the mechanisms of sustainable development, which requires an appropriate economic assessment of these services. In the future, it is important to implement the category "ecosystem service" in the legislative and other normative legal acts of Ukraine and to develop and implement payments for ecosystem services in the practice of budget planning

The impact of local taxes and fees on the financial sustainability of territorial communities in times of war

The paper analyses the impact of local taxes and fees on the financial sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of financial sustainability is considered in relation to financial management, investment planning and debt control. It is noted that in the context of finance, the concept of ‘financial sustainability’ is identified with stability, security and flexibility. The author also analyses the share of local taxes and fees in the tax and total revenues of local budgets of Ukraine for the period 2021-2023. In turn, this allowed us to highlight changes in the structure of local budget revenues, in particular, changes in tax revenues and their relative contribution to total revenues. The calculated coefficients were used to highlight the role of local taxes and fees in ensuring financial sustainability on the example of the budget of the Lviv territorial community. The values of key financial indicators that characterise the level of financial sustainability of the budget of the Lviv city territorial community for the period 2021-2023 are also investigated. Using tables, the author analysed the coefficients such as the coefficient of independence, budget coverage, tax independence, budget security, subsidy and withdrawal of funds to the state budget. Fluctuations in these indicators over three years and their impact on the financial sustainability of local budgets in times of war were studied, i.e., the current state of the system of local taxes and fees was demonstrated. An important aspect of the study was the impact of the military conflict on the local taxation system in Ukraine, as in the context of the war in the country, it was necessary to consider not only the threat to security and stability, but also the economic consequences that significantly affect the financial support of local communities. Particular attention was paid to the efficient allocation of financial resources and the creation of reserve funds to ensure financial stability in unforeseen circumstances. The importance of local taxes as a key mechanism for strengthening the financial base and stability of territorial communities is highlighted, as this aspect contributes to their development and improves the quality of life of residents.

Аналіз економічного впливу регіонального туризму та рекреаційного потенціалу в Україні

The article is intended to analyze the economic condition of territorial communities and their recreational potential, identify problems of economic development. The main problems are the obsolescence of regulatory methods, insufficient coordination between different levels of government, and the lack of an effective mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of strategies. An analysis of the current state of tourism in Ukraine and the problems of the development of the tourism industry was conducted. An analysis of the current state of tourism in Ukraine shows that, despite the significant potential, the industry faces many challenges. The current state of the recreational industry of the Veliko Dalnytsia Territorial Community was analyzed and revealed that the region has significant recreational potential, but faces problems such as insufficient infrastructure, limited financial resources, and a low level of investor attraction.

FINANCIAL PROVISION OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The purpose of this study is to highlight the main problems that arise in the financial provision of UTCs, as well as to develop recommendations for their solution. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the state and number of UTCs today, analyze the problems that arise during their operation and determine possible directions for solving these problems. It was determined that local finances play an extremely important role in the life of society, as it is an objective form of economic relations at the level of administrative-territorial units, the main driver of socio-economic development of regions. Given the relevance of this topic among Ukrainian scientists, the peculiarities of their interpretation of the essence of "financial support of united territorial communities" were considered. The dynamics of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine for 2022 by types of revenues was analyzed. Revenues to the budgets of local communities decreased significantly in the first months of the war, but gradually recovered during the stabilization of the situation in the country. Taking into account the research of domestic scientists on the problems and ways of solving them in the context of financial provision of territorial communities, the own vision of modern problems and ways of solving them is provided. It was emphasized that financial support of united territorial communities can be a difficult task, especially in conditions of limited resources and economic challenges. To solve these problems, the UTCs can consider a number of ways, such as rationalizing expenses, developing the economy and attracting new sources of income, attracting external sources of funding, trying their hand at obtaining grant funds, strengthening financial discipline and openness. It is also important to promote the development of local entrepreneurship, expand opportunities for increasing tax revenues, and seek cooperation with various financial organizations and experts. Also, an important and basic condition for a country that is a candidate for joining the EU is the involvement of the public in the decision-making process regarding the financial provision of the community, which will contribute to greater openness, interaction and responsibility in the management of the finances of the UTCs.

Державне регулювання розвитку малих підприємств у контексті відновлення територіальних громад Одеської області

To date it is difficult to predict how small businesses will function in the post-war period. Thus, public regulation and support for small businesses in the post-war period becomes an extremely important issue. The article aims to propose the ways to improve public regulation of small businesses development in the context of the Odesa region’s territorial communities recovery. The author analyzes the research literature on the topic, makes a SWOT analysis of the Odesa region’s small businesses development. The ways for improving public regulation of small businesses development in the form of a model are proposed. The model includes the following components such as creating a small businesses support infrastructure; administrative procedures simplification; financial support; education and training; entrepreneurial ethics and culture development; partnership with local authorities and NGOs; stimulation of innovation and technological development.

FEATURES OF TERRITORY MANAGEMENT DURING MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE

The article discusses the current problems of territory management in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has been going on for two years. A description of the real state of territorial communities is offered, their problems caused by the war are outlined. A cluster model of the distribution of territorial communities depending on the situation during the war is presented. Possible ways of solving the main problems arising in the management of territories during martial law are determined. The article emphasizes that Russia's war against Ukraine, which has been going on for two years, has become the sharpest and most dangerous test of Ukrainian society since independence. Virtually all state and public institutions and organizations, government and executive institutions underwent significant changes in form and content. This especially applies to territorial communities, which, despite their short existence, have actually become the centers of the reconstruction of Ukrainian civil society on the lines of martial law. Territorial communities shouldered the main burden of volunteer assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense, reception and accommodation of forced migrants, provision of humanitarian aid, educational, medical, legal, communal services, organization of business and employment, as well as mobilization work. The article notes that under the conditions of martial law, the forms and content of territory management activities, in particular municipal management bodies, have changed: military-civilian administrations have appeared in regions and former districts. During the two years of the war, the functions and boundaries of the administrative activities of local self-government bodies were agreed upon, taking into account the challenges that were caused by the full-scale aggression of Russia. The article notes that the burden of the war had the greatest impact on the stability and vitality of territorial communities. Despite the fact that today it is generally possible to positively evaluate the administrative-territorial reform that was carried out on the eve of the war, territorial communities are in unequal conditions of life, have different possibilities of functioning, and require management decisions that are adequate to the real situation. The article emphasizes that the primary task at the moment is to improve relations between the central government and local self-government bodies, taking into account the actual military, economic, demographic, social, political, and humanitarian situation. We are talking about a significant expansion of the powers of territorial communities in all spheres of social life. It is impossible to rule in wartime by peaceful methods. This is all the more important because the administrative and territorial reform depends on the results at the front.

Ensuring the functioning of society in activities of local governments under the legal regime of martial law

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the activities of local self-government bodies during the period of martial law in ensuring the functioning of society, characterization of the concept, competence and features of local self-government bodies, and types of local selfgovernment bodies. The article examines the scientific and regulatory approaches to defining the most important functions of local authorities, in particular, ensuring the constitutional rights and security of citizens. Local self-government during the period of martial law faces many challenges on a daily basis. That is why this topic is extremely relevant and requires scientific substantiation and research. The decentralization reform has laid the foundation for the activities of competent local governments. However, the unjustified military aggression has changed the usual rhythm of work of regional and district councils, as well as local authorities. The peculiarity of this legal regime is the creation of temporary state bodies, including military authorities. They operate in parallel with autonomous local governments. However, there are cases when the military administration can assume the powers of local self-government bodies if the local council does not meet on time. Local self-government in Ukraine is a right guaranteed and enforced by the state and a territorial community – a voluntary association of residents of a village, villages or several villages, cities – to address local issues within the limits determined by the current legislation, may be formed independently or subordinated to officials and self-government bodies. Local self-government is designed to strengthen the foundations of the constitutional order of Ukraine, ensure the implementation of constitutional principles, human and civil rights, create conditions for meeting the vital needs and legitimate interests of citizens, and develop local democracy. During the legal regime of martial law, military authorities exercise the powers of local state authorities and part of local self-government bodies, as defined by the current legislation. Therefore, the role of local state authorities and local self-government bodies in ensuring the quality functioning of society is very important.

THE MAIN FEATURES OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC REGION

The main features of ensuring the competitiveness of territorial communities of the Black Sea Economic Region are considered in the article. The institutional framework for the development of territorial communities in the context of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization is character- ized. The signs of competitiveness of united territorial communities at the vertical and hori- zontal levels are outlined. It is determined that the vertical competitiveness at the regional lev- el is determined by the ability to effectively use its own potential and resources, to be in the forefront of the socio-economic development of the region, while at the national level – to suc- cessfully compete with other communities in a particular type of activity. The horizontal di- mension of competitiveness implies the ability of a community to use its own socio-economic opportunities with minimal involvement of external resources by reducing energy costs, im- proving the quality of housing and communal services, creating new jobs, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, training and engaging third-party specialists, and efficient use of land and natural resources. The signs of competitiveness of communities in the Black Sea Economic Region by vertical and horizontal criteria are analyzed in the article. Examples of successful implementation by territorial communities of measures to increase their competi- tiveness by optimizing the use of available internal resources are provided. The main problems and obstacles to ensuring the competitiveness of the territorial communities of the studied re- gion in the context of a full-scale war are outlined. The main ones are: damage to the industri- al and social infrastructure of the region, due to the occupation and active hostilities, regular attacks on sea and river ports, mining of the Black Sea, export blockade, destruction of rec- reational potential, as well as the environmental disaster caused by the explosion of the Kak- hovka hydroelectric power plant, etc. The key measures aimed at increasing the competitive- ness of the territorial communities of the studied district are proposed, in particular: improving the human resources potential in the system of management of the development of territori- al communities; promoting the development of competitive positions of the real sector of the district’s economy; carrying out systematic work to create new jobs; aiming entrepreneurs to create industries with higher added value; introducing modern energy-saving technologies, ra- tional use of natural resources, etc.

THE POND NETWORK IN THE GNIZNA RIVER BASIN: SPATIAL LIMITATION, FUNCTIONAL FEATURES, GEO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

The pond network in the basin of the Hnizna River - the left tributary of the Seret River - was considered. The multifunctional features and spatial contiguity of the ponds to the main river and its tributary of the first order have been clarified. It was established that the most regulated was the Terebna River with its tributaries Dzyurava and Kachava, within the basins of which 35% of the pond network is concentrated. 29% of the number of ponds is allocated to the basin of the right tributary of the Hnizdechna River, and 15% of the number of ponds within the main river Hnizna. The coefficient of regulation of river flow by artificial reservoirs was calculated, which demonstrates a high degree of flow regulation, the result of which is an increase in the area of the water mirror, which means an increase in evaporation from the water surface. Among the positive aspects of flow regulation, we note the absence of sudden water rises in the basin as a result of spring floods and summer floods. Thus, the hydrological regime of the main river and its tributary of the first order has been stabilized. The volume of water in the artificial reservoirs of the basin is 6.7% of the Hnizna river flow. Such volumes of regulated runoff enable its multi-purpose use for agricultural, fish farming, fire prevention, anti-erosion, recreational, sanitary and industrial purposes. A typology of ponds was carried out, which demonstrated the vast majority of artificial multi-functional reservoirs. It is worth noting fishery-recreational-farming and recreational-farming-fishing farms. In addition to these three main functions, most ponds perform the functions of fire protection reservoirs, microclimate regulators, and aesthetic ones. The conducted expedition surveys of the Hnizna River basin in 2023, in comparison with the corresponding surveys of 2007 (stock materials of the Department of Geoecology), showed a more significant orderliness of peripheral landscapes, the presence of access roads with a hard surface, which improves the accessibility of recreationists and fishermen to ponds. It is worth noting the creation in the river basin of two entertainment and recreation complexes on the pond in the village. Okhrimovtsi and "Lemkivsky stav" in the village. Old Zbarazh. In these ponds, the main attention is paid to the creation of entertainment and hotel complexes, gazebos-islands, watercraft with various recreational infrastructure. The services of these complexes include: cozy houses for families, gazebos for group recreation, baths, multi-saunas, salt rooms, a font, a tropical shower, and forms of active recreation - wakeboarding, rowing, etc. Here they offer the holding of solemn events such as birthdays, corporate vacations, weddings. Despite the positive changes in peripheral landscapes and the presence of recreational facilities, the quality of water in the main river is quite low, as evidenced by the following diagram, which shows the dynamics of the discharge of polluted or insufficiently purified return water into the Hnizna River basin over the past 7 years. Together with the polluted runoff, 63.5 tons of pollutants entered the river. Among the proposed optimization measures, it is worth noting: - improvement of the sewage treatment plant system in the city of Zbarazh, village Velyki Birky and the town of Terebovli; - to introduce an effective system of water drainage of municipal sewage in rural settlements under the responsibility of the governing bodies of territorial communities; join the system of on-site regular water monitoring of the Dniester Basin Management; strengthen the responsibility of the public in the person of the basin council of the small river Hnizna. Keywords: the basin of the Hnizna River, pond network, functional and spatial features, geoecological problems.

EPHEMEROIDS IN CITY AND PARK PLANTATIONS OF THE UMAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY (CHERKASY REGION)

The article summarizes data on the ephemeroids species composition of the Uman Territorial Community, Cherkasy region. The author reports on 45 species of early spring and 2 species of autumn ephemeroids, registered as part of cultural phytocenoses in this territory during field research conducted by her in 2021–2024. A list of these species includes 21 genera and 8 families, the division of species into autochthonous (21) and allochthonous (26) ones was carried out. Those species of the flora of Ukraine that do not occur naturally within the Cherkasy region were selected to the allochthonous ones.15 species included in the Red Book of Ukraine and 4 regionally rare species are highlighted. The division of species into bio-morphological groups based on modifications in underground shoots: tuberous (9), tuberous bulbous (7), rhizome (2), bulbous (29) is analyzed.

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND TYPOLOGY OF SUBURBAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPOL

Peculiarities of the timing of suburban (in relation to the city of Ternopil) territorial communities are considered. Such parameters as the area of suburban territorial communities were analyzed; peculiarities of the number, density and location of the population of communities; financial condition and capacity of communities, according to their incomes, expenses, transfers, location of industry, features of transport infrastructure. Attention is drawn to the main environmental problems of suburban communities, possible ways to overcome them, the availability and peculiarities of the use of recreational resources and the spread of recreational infrastructure are motivated. The functional structure and spatial arrangement of the territories of the nature reserve fund were analyzed. The problems of the development of territorial communities at the present stage are becoming particularly urgent. Important aspects of development are ensuring coherence of economic, social and environmental vectors, taking into account the potential of local resources, as well as additional favorable factors, such as investments, logistics and infrastructure. Within territorial communities, an inventory of the resource base is carried out, investment passports are created, development strategies are developed, existing problems are analyzed and ways to solve them are substantiated. Solving these complex tasks requires a high level of professional training of management personnel and effective monitoring of development processes. The authors have published a series of articles devoted to the analysis of the potential of natural resources, problems of environmental development management, unbalanced land use and other aspects. The choice of suburban territorial communities of the city of Ternopil is due to their belonging to the former Ternopil district (according to the old administrative and territorial system) and their location around the regional center. What determines the specificity of the structure of agriculture, the location of the population, industry, transport infrastructure, environmental conditions, etc. The adoption of the state regional development strategy for 2021-2027 is the main legal document aimed at strategic planning of effective development, including territorial communities. The main methodological approaches are the strategy of sustainable development, the concept of balanced ecological-social-economic development and the principles of the system approach. The suburban territorial communities of Ternopil include: Biletska, Baikovetska, Velikobirkivska, Velikogaivska, Velikoberezovytska and Pidhorodnyanska territorial communities. Recreational resources in the studied communities are represented mainly by forest areas and a pond network, which is often equipped with the necessary infrastructure. Historical and architectural resources are represented by a network of ancient churches, cultivated springs, etc. Separately, we can recall the arched railway bridge in the village. Butsniv at the end of the 19th century. A much better developed tourist infrastructure is represented by recreation centers, numerous hotels, and catering establishments. The general ecological state of the main components of the natural environment shows an increase in the degree of environmental pollution. Areas of excessive pollution are observed around industrial centers, large industrial facilities, landfills, radiation-contaminated territories, where various types of pollution are deposited and along hydraulic networks, highways and railways, which affects the natural living conditions of the population. The conducted research showed that suburban territorial communities have an unsatisfactory land use structure. The population of the communities is prone to pendulum migrations, due to better employment opportunities and a greater number of various services in the regional center. Within the studied communities, it is necessary to optimize the structure of land use, increase the area under natural lands, carry out measures to replant and afforest unproductive and eroded agricultural lands. Plant forests to create a full-fledged integrated green zone of the city of Ternopil, which will perform important recreational and ecological stabilization functions. The conducted analysis demonstrates a significant inhibition of the ecological vector of sustainable development. We see a perspective in the development of geoecological projects, environmental measures in schools, organizations and institutions, communities. It is necessary to create new and expand existing nature reserves. In general, optimization measures aimed at improving the ecological condition of the territory and the quality of life of the population should be carried out. The results of the study can be useful to the administrations of suburban territorial communities for the implementation of optimization measures of various levels and directions. Key words: territorial community, financial capacity, infrastructure, ecological condition, nature reserve fund.

REGIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE SUPPLY OF THE TERRITORY IN THE CONDITIONS OF MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF ECONOMY SYSTEMS IN THE TERRITORY OF TERNOPIL REGION

The publication examines the influence of regional manifestations of the deterioration of natural conditions (moisture supply and unfavorable thermal parameters) on agricultural management. Global climate changes are superimposed by regional manifestations of adverse processes, such as the emission of greenhouse gases generated by an unbalanced land structure, in which we observe an excessive share of arable land. Excessive plowing of the territory leads to increased production of greenhouse gases by arable land, which complicates the manifestation of the greenhouse effect at the local level. Data on the structure of land plots of Ternopil region and Borsukiv territorial community are given. Attention is drawn to the map scheme of changes in the moisture supply of the territory of Ukraine, according to which a very wet climatic annual balance will be preserved only in the mountainous part of the Carpathians, Ternopil region will go from wet to insufficiently wet in its southeastern part, and over time, according to the forecast of 2100, to an insufficiently wet balance in the greater its territory At the same time, about 55% of the southeastern regions are threatened by dry and very dry climatic annual balance. According to the authors, the search for ways to solve the problem can be found in the optimization of land use. The algorithm of the optimization model is prescribed in the methodology of Professor Mykhailo Grodzynskii and consists in determining and ranking the development priorities of the research area and achieving a scientifically justified ratio between natural and anthropogenic land areas. Based on the materials of the Borsukiv territorial community, an optimization model of land use was created, according to which it is proposed to reduce the share of arable land from 65% to 45% due to the removal of heavily eroded and poorly productive lands from the arable wedge and their transfer to liming and afforestation, the share of which in the land use structure of the territorial community increased respectively 21% and 23%. Such optimization measures will ensure the transition from the emission of greenhouse gases by land to their assimilation by forest and meadow vegetation. Increasing the share of forests by 14% will contribute to a 5% increase in precipitation of local origin, which is especially important for stabilizing the water balance of the territory. An increase in the share of natural vegetation will contribute to the maintenance of ecological balance, restoration of biotic and landscape diversity, improved water balance, and natural living conditions of the population.Increasing or stabilizing the degree of humidification of territories under the conditions of global and regional climate changes is becoming an important scientific and applied problem, the solution of which requires the development and implementation of strategic tasks of sustainable development at the levels of regional, administrative and district territorial entities, the level of territorial communities, Starosty districts. Taking into account the priority criteria for the development of territorial entities is the first stage of optimizing the use of nature in these administrative-territorial entities. The second stage of the landscape and ecological optimization of territories is the substantiation of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic lands. Land optimization will contribute to tireless use of nature and the balancing of basic natural processes with anthropogenic ones. In the future, we envisage the creation of optimization models of land use for all territorial communities of the region, which will optimize the development of natural and economic systems. Keywords: regional manifestations of climatic conditions, land use structure, optimization, territorial community.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROBLEMS OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORY OF THE LVIV REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REALITIES

An analysis of the spread of urbanized territories (cities, urban agglomerations) in the Lviv region in the context of the transformation of the status and functions of settlements as a result of changes in the legislation of Ukraine was made. Urbanized territories are considered as nodal centers of population resettlement, concentration of significant personnel, cultural and educational, intellectual and economic potential of the region. It was concluded that in modern conditions it is urbanized territories in all countries of the world that determine the priorities of social development. The classification of the cities of the Lviv region by population revealed some disproportions in the demographic hierarchy of settlements: 1) there are no large cities in the region with a population of 100 to 500 thousand people; 2) the number of small towns with a population of up to 10,000 people is relatively large, and 8 of them have a population of less than five thousand, which creates real threats for them to lose city status. At the same time, the presence of a significant number of small towns in the region can be considered as a favorable prerequisite and reserve for further urbanization, which will be possible in the processes of new industrialization of Ukraine. Taking into account the mutual location of cities, their historical and geographical features and modern territorial and functional relationships, as well as taking into account the spread of urban agglomerations, within the region there are four bands of urban settlement (Mountain, Foothill, Central and Pobuzhja’s-Styr’s), which differ in density and demographic potential of urban settlements. The comparative analysis proved that the level of urbanization of the Mountain Settlement Belt is the lowest and insufficient for the performance of organizational and service functions. According to the results of the administrative and territorial reform at the medium level, instead of 20 districts in the Lviv region, 7 new ones were created, and 15 cities of the region lost the status of district centers. In the same way, the status of cities of regional importance was actually leveled. All those cities that lost the status of district centers became the centers of territorial communities, which allows them to generally preserve the management infrastructure and personnel potential. All other small towns, which previously did not function as centers of district-type administrative units, with the exception of Dublyany, Vinnyky, Sosnivka, Stebnyk, Ugniv, became the centers of territorial communities. Granting the status of the center of the territorial community can ensure the transformation of those small towns that were not district centers into new centers of socio-economic advancement. The presence of 34 villages in the region, 16 of which have also become the centers of territorial communities, is a reserve for further urbanization of the Lviv region. The conclusion that new administrative districts have the most grounds for performing the functions of coordinating the balanced development of urban agglomerations, provided that they are given the appropriate powers and economic levers, is substantiated. It was concluded that the main features of the demographic potential and location of the cities of the Lviv region, in particular their high density and low average population, reflect, on the one hand, the limited level of urbanization of the region, but on the other hand, the presence of settlement potential for further urbanization, expansion and functional strengthening of urbanized territory This situation is a favorable prerequisite for the formation of a network of more powerful urban centers, testifying to the need for a new economic modernization of the region in general. Key words: urbanized territories, cities, urban territorial communities, urbanization in Lviv region, urban agglomerations, management of urbanized territories.

WATER RESOURCES OF THE KHOROSTKIV TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY: ECOLOGICAL STATUS, WATER USE PROBLEMS, OPTIMISATION MEASURES

The article analyses the ecological state of surface water resources of the Khorostkiv territorial community (ТС). According to the results of laboratory tests, pathogenic microorganisms, bacteriological indicators exceeding the regulatory requirements, faecal contamination and high content of organic matter were detected in the surface water bodies of the Khorostkiv TC. In addition to the pollution of surface water bodies in the Khorostkiv TC, an important environmental problem worth paying attention to is the lack of sanitary protection and water protection zones for rivers and ponds, as well as the littering of the coastal strip. It was found that the water supply network of the Khorostkiv territorial community includes only the water supply network of the town of Khorostkiv (30 km, unsatisfactory condition), since there are no centralised water supply systems in rural settlements. In the sources of centralised water supply in Khorostkiv, the levels of ammonium nitrogen and colour are exceeded. Hydrochemical analysis of water samples from private wells in Khorostkiv and the villages of Peremyliv and Khlopivka confirmed compliance with the requirements of SanR&R № 400. The volume of daily water consumption and water disposal was analysed. The main sources of pollution of the community's water resources and the volume of wastewater discharges were identified. Priority areas for improving the ecological state of water resources of the Khorostkiv community are substantiated. Keywords: surface water, groundwater, pollutants, water supply, water disposal, territorial community (ТС).

Financing of infrastructure projects in territorial communities

The issues of financial support for the restoration of critical infrastructure are of utmost relevance during martial law, charac­terized by limited resources and capabilities and increased risks, and must be addressed compre­hensively at the state and local levels. The structural redistribution of local budget reve­nues and expenditures that occurs during martial law necessitates the search for effective ways to attract off-budget instruments for financial support of infrastructure in commu­nities. The aim of the article is to assess the financial capacities and opportunities for restoring the infrastructure of territorial com­mu­nities and to review promising financial mechanisms. The research is based on the hypothesis that it is necessary to develop combi­ned forms of financial support at the level of territorial communities with an emphasis on intensifying the involvement of international donors. The research methods were used, such as systematic and comparative analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical method, and logical generalization. The research is based on materials from government sources on the state and local budgets and on the basis of scientific works by Ukrainian scholars. The article has presented the opinions of scientists on the financial support essence and systematized its forms, methods and tools for direct finan­cial support of infrastructure projects in communities; revealed the possibilities and prospects for their application under martial law. The expe­diency of choosing combined forms of finan­cial support as those that balance the interests of the participants has been substan­tiated. Based on the state analysis of budgetary financing of infrastructure projects at the state and local levels, the availability of financial capacity in local budgets and the continuing trend of long-term projects by international donors at the national level were established. The main method of financial support for projects at the state level is loan programs from international financial institutions and foreign governments. The author has proposed the development of promising forms of financial support for the restoration of infrastructure projects in the form of loan and grants programs combination from the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO)

GEOSPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES: THEORETICAL PROVISIONS

Determining the geospatial development of territorial communities is a relevant issue. For the formation of geospatial development of territorial communities, directions of creation and use of geodatabases and opportunities and application of modern geographic information systems are of particular importance. The research reached the aim regarding the substantiation of theoretical approaches to determining the geospatial development of territorial communities. In this context, the study achieved the following objectives: generalising theoretical provisions regarding the definition of the geospatial development of territorial communities and highlighting theoretical approaches to the definition of the geospatial development of territorial communities. Distinguished theoretical approaches to the definition of geospatial development of territorial communities include: functional approach: characterised by directions of application of geoinformation systems and realisation of the formation and completion of stages of implementation of geospatial development of territorial communities; spatial approach: the main focus is on the spatial aspects of the development of territorial communities; urban planning approach: determining the influence of urban planning factors on the functioning of territorial communities to ensure geospatial development; regulatory approach: formation and application of regulatory support for geospatial development of territorial communities; security approach: singling out security factors affecting the geospatial development of territorial communities; systemic approach: defining geospatial development as a systemic category consisting of a set of factors, the formation and interaction of which is carried out based on methods and models, which allows for the formation of geospatial provision with the use of modern geoinformation tools to build a higher quality environment compared to the past state. It makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the functioning of territorial communities and create a geospatial basis for making informed decisions regarding the use of the land and property complex as the main factor that ensures their development. Keywords: geospatial development, territorial communities, theoretical provisions, geographic information systems, systematic approach.

Peculiarities of the Realization of IT Projects for the Implementation of ERP Systems on the Path of Digitalization of Territorial Communities Activities

This study presents a detailed case analysis focusing on the intricacies involved in preparing a project for implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, aimed at the comprehensive, phased digitalization of resource management and the operations of territorial communities. The urgency of transitioning to a more effective audit and management system for all types of resources in territorial communities is underscored by the current absence of specialized information systems designed for these specific tasks. The authors demonstrate that deploying ERP systems to manage the diverse activities of territorial communities represents a complex, yet innovative solution. Specifically, a Four-Phase Model for implementing each segment of the project have been adopted. Drawing from the extensive experience of university researchers involved in consulting for numerous territorial communities across Ukraine, this work develops principles for constructing main elements for the project. Special emphasis is placed on the careful selection of software to facilitate project activities.