Community Life Research Articles

War in the Bible and in Qur'an: A Comparative Study

The “founding texts” of each civilization shape the meaning of important issues for the lives of individuals and entire human communities. Such texts include the “holy books” of the Old and New Testaments and the Qur’an, called the “threelaws” or “rules of life”. Each of these “rules of life” outlines a certain idea of war, which is one of the basic human experiences. A short comparative study shows the different emphases. The Old Testament shows Israel’s historical wars in which God becomes involved. The New Testament does not deal with the issue of war at all in the military sense, but shifts the emphasis to spiritual warfare. The Quran devotes a lot of space to war, especially religious war, without referring to the specific history of the nation, but points to the rules that a devout Muslim should follow during a conflict, including armed conflict.

Unravelling the signatures of submarine groundwater discharge and seawater intrusion along the coastal plains of Odisha, India: a multi-proxy approach.

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) and Seawater Intrusion (SWI) are two contrary hydrological processes that occur across the land-sea continuum and understanding their nature is essential for management and development of coastal groundwater resource. Present study has attempted to demarcate probable zones of SGD and SWI along highly populated Odisha coastal plains which is water stressed due to indiscriminate-exploitation of groundwater leading to salinization and fresh groundwater loss from the alluvial aquifers. A multi-proxy investigation approach including decadal groundwater leveldynamics, LANDSAT derived sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and in-situ physicochemical analysis (pH, EC, TDS, salinity and temperature) of porewater, groundwater and seawater were used to locate the SGD and SWI sites. A total of 340 samples for four seasons (85 samples i.e., 30 porewater, 30 seawater and 25 groundwater in each season) were collected and their in-situ parameters were measured at every 1-2km gap along ~ 145km coastline of central Odisha (excluding the estuarine region). Considering high groundwater EC values (> 3000 μS/cm), three probable SWI and low porewater salinities (< 32 ppt in pre- and < 25 ppt in post-monsoons), four probable SGD zones were identified. The identified zones were validated with observed high positive hydraulic gradient (> 10m) at SGD and negative hydraulic gradient (< 0m) at SWI sites along with anomalous SST (colder in pre- and warmer in post-monsoon) near probable SGD locations. This study is first of its kind along the Odisha coast and may act as initial basis for subsequent investigations on fresh-saline interaction along the coastal plains where environmental integrity supports the livelihood of coastal communities and the ecosystem.

The prison boom, local interpersonal violence, and domestic violence homicide

ABSTRACT The US prison system has exploded since 1970, dramatically reshaping social, political, and economic life in rural communities. Since 2000, roughly one in five rural Americans resides in a prison town. The prison boom is the largest public works project perhaps since the New Deal. Despite a growing interest in prison building, there is a dearth of research examining prison impact – the economic, political, and social costs and benefits for communities that result from building a prison. In this paper, we fill this gap by studying the relationship between prison impact – measured as binary prison presence and cumulative prison count – on violent crime, specifically, intimate partner and domestic violence homicide (IPV/DV). We explore the theoretical foundations for this relationship, including the economic, geographic, and social effects of prisons and correction officers as a high-risk group for perpetrating IPV/DV. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find evidence of a negative association between prison impact and IPV/DV homicide, with an additional prison in the county corresponding with 0.04–0.12 fewer homicide events. While we are not advocating for prison building as a violence nor crime reduction strategy for communities, our findings complicate the policy consequences of the prison boom, especially in rural communities.

Evaluating 15-minute walkable life circles for the senior: a case study of Jiande, China

ABSTRACT Walking is the primary travel mode for daily errands, leisure, and accessing local services, particularly for most seniors. Sufficient and diverse facilities within walking distance help improve seniors’ well-being. Countries today face the challenge of providing enough facilities for more seniors and adopt some possible solutions, such as China’s 15-minute community life circle. Focused on Jiande, a medium-sized city in southeast China, we propose an assessment framework with three dimensions: availability, diversity, and balance among medical, living, and leisure facilities. Using GIS network analysis, this study reveals disparities in facility provision at the household-level between earlier and newer developed urban areas, which are closely related to geographical factors and gated communities. This is common in Chinese cities, suggesting the cumulative effects of urban development sequences. To alleviate and prevent serious service inequity, we propose the following two strategies to achieve an equally walkable city: increasing landscape services to overcome geographical obstacles and implementing open-gated community strategies. Furthermore, the limitations of relying solely on big data to calculate walking routes were noted. This diagnostic framework for assessing city environments for seniors is straightforward yet comprehensive and potentially promotes cooperation between planning professionals, policymakers, and the public.

UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING THE GLOBAL GOALS OF UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article analyses new approaches to respond to the challenges set out in the United Nations 2030 Agenda. The subject is relevant because seventeen Sustainable Development Goals are defined, which are a universal call to action for humanity to reduce poverty, overcome hunger, protect the planet and ensure that by 2030 all people live in peace and prosperity. According to the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001),sites that fall under its protection include archaeological remains of ships, historic structures, submerged landscapes, sunken cities, and ancient fishing structures. Such sites must have been underwater for at least 100 years. They must also be partially or completely, periodically or permanently submerged in the waters of the ocean, sea, lake or river. On the basis of analyzing the studies of foreign and domestic scientists, the author found out that with responsible use and management of underwater cultural heritage sites, it is possible to achieve effective methods of conservation and sustainable economic development of humanity. This is possible by increasing and accumulating knowledge of the oceans. In particular, stone tidal weirs, which are underwater cultural heritage sites, were investigated. Using these ancient structures for fishing today could be an effective solution to the problem of hunger. The study found that protecting underwater cultural heritage sites and the areas in which they are located ensures the conservation of marine resources. And this is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The relationship between the protection of heritage sites and the prosperity of marine ecosystems helps to create livelihoods for local communities through dive tourism. Organizing underwater tourism at historic shipwreck sites can create new jobs. And this will lead to an increase in the welfare of the population. Quality management and responsible use of underwater heritage sites will lead to increased tourist flows. And this will contribute to the sustainable development of cities and communities. Thus, underwater cultural heritage is characterized by the integrity of cultural, natural, archaeological, tangible and intangible heritage. Such knowledge can be applied to solve the problems of our time. This makes heritage an important tool for achieving certain objectives of the Global Programme for Sustainable Development as defined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda.

К вопросу о линиях интерпретации феномена гражданской войны в античной философии: stasis и bellum civile

The concept of civil war remains relatively underdeveloped given a steadily increasing interest of political philosophers in the study of civil conflicts in general. The multi-layered genealogy of this notion includes elements of significantly different approaches to its definition. The two divergent lines of interpretation of the phenomenon of civil wars can be traced back to the ancient philosophy: the Greek stasis and the Roman bellum civile. In recent years, the concept of stasis is making a comeback to the academic circles due to its use in the works of Nicole Loraux, Giorgio Agamben and a number of other authors. At the same time, the dominant approach to analyzing civil wars is based primarily on their perception in line with the Roman concept, which presupposes a monistic social ontology model and has significant limitations when applied to modern conditions. In the article, the author analyzes the main features of the perception of the phenomenon of civil wars in the ancient Greek and Roman philosophy. Based on the texts of Plato and Aristotle, who elaborated the theory of stasis in the most systematic way, the author demonstrates that admitting the possibility to overcome just the extreme external manifestations of stasis (but not to eradicate it altogether) inevitably impacts the evaluation of the importance of pluralism in the life of a political community, the interpretation of the actions of the defeated party and memory politics. Hence, the author analyzes how the perception of a civil conflict as a phenomenon inherent in the life of the polis and, in one form or another, an “inevitable evil”, can again be relevant in the context of the philosophical and political discussions of the 21st century.

North–South Disparity in Impact of Climate Change on “Outdoor Days”

Abstract Here, we introduce the concept of “outdoor days” to describe how climate change can affect quality of life for different communities and individuals. An outdoor day is characterized by moderate temperature, neither too cold nor too hot, allowing most people to enjoy outdoor activities. The number of “outdoor days” is a nonlinear function of the daily surface air temperature. If the latter falls within a specific range describing assumed thermal comfort conditions, then we assign that day as an “outdoor day.” Using this function, we describe climate change impacts on temperature differently, compared to other studies which often describe these impacts in terms of the linear averaging of daily surface air temperature. The introduction of this new concept offers another way for communicating how climate change may impact the quality of life for individuals who usually plan their outdoor activities based on how local weather conditions compare to their preferred levels of thermal comfort. Based on our analysis of regional variations in “outdoor days,” we present observational and modeling evidence of a north–south disparity in climate change impacts. Under high-emission scenarios, CMIP5 and CMIP6 models project fewer “outdoor days” for people living in developing countries, primarily located in low-latitude regions. Meanwhile, developed countries in mid- and high-latitude regions could gain more “outdoor days,” redistributed across seasons. Significance Statement We introduce a novel concept: outdoor days, characterizing surface air temperature conditions that allow for outdoor activities, such as walking, jogging, and cycling, by most people. We project that under high-emission scenarios of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, a north–south disparity of climate change risk will be enhanced considerably toward the end of this century due to more frequent outdoor days in the wealthy Global North and less frequent outdoor days in the deprived Global South.

Hubungan Pungutan Liar terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Bekasi

The main goal in improving the governance of correctional institutions is to realise a clean correctional, but there are obstacles in the process of achieving it. One of them is about the problem of illegal levies that are still raging and rampant in the Penitentiary environment, Pungli (wild levies) not only harms inmates and their families, but becomes one of the inhibiting factors in achieving a clean transformation of corrections.The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the causes and efforts to eradicate illegal levies in the Penitentiary environment in order to realise a prosperous community life. The research method used is research by reviewing literature studies. The data collection technique in this research is carried out by searching and analysing various literature sources such as journals and scientific articles searched through the official website in the form of Google Scholar.The results of the research show that the cause of illegal levy behaviour in the community is due to the inefficiency of providing services to the community and is too complicated, this can be one of the causes of opening a gap for individuals to practice illegal levies. As for the countermeasures that have been carried out by the security parties who are responsible in terms of inj, among others, are carrying out routine patrols.

Bound by Exile: Exploring Kinship Dynamics and Role Perceptions among Diaspora Journalists

ABSTRACT The escalating dangers journalists face globally have led to a marked increase in media professionals seeking safety away from their home countries. As a result, journalists are increasingly forced to choose between silence and survival, with many opting for the latter in the form of diaspora relocation. This article investigates the role of kinship in community building among diaspora journalists, highlighting how these networks impact their collaboration and resource mobilisation. Drawing from interviews (n = 12) with reporters and editors from Latin America, Hong Kong, and the Middle East, this article examines diaspora journalists’ changing roles and proactive measures in establishing inclusive information and educational infrastructures, enhancing advocacy and empowerment for their communities. Findings demonstrate how journalists leverage kinship to connect with their audiences and guide their journalistic practices, editorial choices, and technological adoption. Findings further revealed that the role of diaspora journalists is evolving into one characterised by what this article terms “civic information workers.” These civic information workers are not only reporters but also intermediaries who provide vital data and insights that facilitate the everyday life and integration of diaspora communities into new societies, thus using journalism as a tool for civic empowerment.

Patterns of Social Interaction in Housing

&lt;p class="06IsiAbstrak"&gt;Social interaction in the Housing Community has an important role in shaping relationships between individuals that can affect the quality of life in the Housing Community. This study aims to analyze the pattern of social interaction in the community in Bumi Parahyangan Kencana Housing, Bandung Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach to the case study method whose data collection was done by in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed the pattern of social interaction of residents of Bumi Parahyangan Kencana Housing has different diversity in each type of house design. This is due to the adaptation of residents of Bumi Parahyangan Kencana Housing in conducting social interactions. It is concluded that the pattern of community interaction in Bumi Parahyangan Kencana Housing is in the form of associative social interaction patterns, but conflicts cannot be avoided by residents in every type of house design. &lt;/p&gt;

Autistic adults in China and the Netherlands: Proxy-reported community integration and life satisfaction.

Even though there are about 10 million Chinese autistic individuals, we know little about autistic adults in China. This study examined how well young autistic adults in China integrate into their communities (such as having a job, living independently and having friends) and how satisfied they are with their lives as reported by their caregivers. We compared them to autistic adults with similar characteristics (such as high support needs) from the Netherlands. We included 99 autistic adults in China and 109 in the Netherlands (18-30 years). In both countries, autistic adults were reported to have a hard time fitting into their communities. They often had no work, did not live on their own and had few close friends. Also, in both countries, caregivers reported that autistic adults felt low satisfaction with their life. Chinese adults were less satisfied with their life than Dutch adults, as indicated by their caregivers. This could be because of a lack of support for autistic adults in China, higher parental stress in Chinese caregivers, or general cross-country differences in happiness. Only in the Dutch group, younger compared with older adults fitted better into their communities, and adults without additional psychiatric conditions were reported to have higher life satisfaction. Country was a significant predictor of independent living only, with Dutch participants more likely living in care facilities than Chinese participants. In conclusion, our study shows that autistic adults with high support needs generally face similar challenges in both China and the Netherlands.

Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Perceptions of Climate Change on the Environment and Livelihood of Local Communities in Kgalagadi District of Botswana

Extreme climate change causes an immeasurable threat to the livelihood security and prosperity of rural communities, including the natural environment and resources managed by the local people in the Kgalagadi District of Botswana. The study aims to understand the indigenous ecological knowledge of local communities about climate change, its impacts on the environment, and their livelihoods across five villages in the Kgalagadi District of Botswana. The present study used a semi-structured questionnaire survey at the household level who were randomly selected using the village register book. The results indicated that all the respondents in Kang village and some from Lehututu and Tshane villages perceived that the causes of climate change were unknown. However, some respondents across the other four villages believed that climate change is caused by various factors including wildfires, pollution from industries, impacts from livestock, and vehicles, as well as a curse from God. Indigenous knowledge must be well incorporated with scientific methods and up-to-date climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies to envisage more concrete results. This helps to integrate the insight of local people into policies and strategies to make an effort for solutions that are crucial for sustainable development. We suggest that all stakeholders should harmonise the use of indigenous knowledge with climate change strategies, to make the best use of its contribution to the successful execution of climate change policies.

Pancasila sebagai Sistem Etika

Pancasila and ethics are intertwined because they both teach positive values. Pancasila ethics are based on Pancasila values, such as divinity, humanity, unity, populism, and justice. From these values, the Pancasila ethical system emerged which serves as a guideline for individual behavior in social life in Indonesia. The Pancasila ethical system continues to be developed in its implementation, so that every step and effort of the Indonesian people in achieving common goals can be directed correctly. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods or literature research. This research focuses on written works, including research results that have been published. The main source of data for this article is the results of research published through google scholar. Data collection is carried out using the keywords "Pancasila" and "ethical system". Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The findings of this research are that the application of Pancasila as an ethical system is moral guidance that can be actualized into concrete actions, involving various aspects of life. Pancasila as a state ethical system also needs to be applied as the foundation of morality and state integrity that is hidden in every individual citizen so that he can master spiritual and mental attitudes in community life. Critical-analytical studies are also needed to find out if the element of subjectivity is fanatical and avoidable

Analisis Pengaruh Modernisasi Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi Pada UMKM Makanan Viral Wonton

Modernization is the process of transforming traditional community life into modern life. Technological developments caused by modernization have a significant impact on human survival, especially on the phenomenon of the influence of modernization on economic development. This research analyzes and explores the influence of modernization on economic development in MSMEs of viral wonton food. Modernization in this context includes the use of digital technology, product innovation and modern marketing strategies. The results of this research show that the application of digital technology such as social media significantly increases product visibility and sales. Innovations in flavors and packaging also attract the attention of new consumers and retain customers. The development of technology due to modernization provides opportunities for MSMEs to innovate in their business activities. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomological approach. the data collection techniques used in this research were observation, interviews and documentation.

Analisis Fenomena Warung Madura 24 Jam Dalam Perspektif Solidaritas dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Modern di Desa Tegalboto, Sumbersari, Jember.

24-hour Madura stalls have become part of the economic life of local communities in many cities in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the role of 24-hour Madura food stalls in strengthening local community solidarity while adapting to the dynamics of modern economic development. Warung Madura 24 hours plays an important role in strengthening local community solidarity by providing employment opportunities for local communities and being a vital place for social interaction. However, Madura stalls have their own challenges, namely competition between modern stalls and minimarkets that offer similar products on a larger scale. In our research we concluded that 24-hour Madura warungs have a significant role in strengthening local community solidarity while remaining relevant in modern economic development.

Studi Kasus : Dampak Pembangunan PLTU terhadap Kehidupan Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Masyarakat Morowali Utara, Sulawesi Tengah dalam Kaca Mata Sosiologi

This research explores the impact of the development of Captive PLTU infrastructure in Sulawesi on the lives of local communities from a sociological perspective. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, this research explores the social, economic and environmental changes that occurred as a result of development interventions by PT GNI and PT COR. The construction of the Captive PLTU is based on Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 concerning the Acceleration of Renewable Energy Development for the Supply of Electric Power. Local residents experience a range of negative impacts, including air pollution, pollution and disruption to livelihoods that depend on natural resources. The damming of the Lampi River by the PLTU has also raised concerns about the potential for flooding and decreased air quality. This research found that this development project has taken away the rights of local communities and caused various human rights violations. The results of this research emphasize the need to revise regulations that are more inclusive and fair to ensure sustainable development that takes into account the balance between economic, social and environmental interests. In conclusion, infrastructure development must be carried out with the active involvement of local communities and careful consideration of its impacts.

Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Pada Naskah Hikayat Si Orang Gila Karya Eka Kurniawan dalam Antologi Cerpen Corat-Coret di Toilet dengan Berbagai Permasalahannya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Materi Drama Jenjang SMP Kelas 8

The aim of this research is to describe how people's lives are described by the author in the short story Scribbles on the Toilet by Eka Kurniawan. Researchers use descriptive analysis methods by analyzing based on the facts contained in the short story. Data collection uses the reading-note technique which is used to obtain data by reading, understanding and recording quotations that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem. The results of the research show that there are phenomena in community life that are currently occurring.

Analisis Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan

The tourism sector is indeed quite promising to help increase foreign exchange reserves and pragmatically also able to increase people's incomes, sustainable tourism development is defined as a tourism development process oriented to the preservation of resources needed for future development where the surrounding community acts as a provider of tourist needs services. Humanitarian factors and local cultural entities should not be ignored, meaning that community life should not be uprooted from its cultural roots only because of the commercial emphasis of tourism, the lifestyle and culture of local communities, so researchers want to see how the role of community and government participation in development tourism as a leading destination and how tourism development is realized as a superior destination.

Pemberdayaan Dan Pengembangan Entrepreneur-X Melalui Digitalisasi di Medokan Semampir RW 03 Surabaya

Implementing Community Service (PKM) activities is very important because it will provide an introduction and knowledge about entrepreneurship. Empowerment and development of local potential through digitalization has become the main focus in Medokan Semampir RW 03. This research aims to explain the method of activities carried out in solving problems related to the development of MSMEs in the region. Through this activity method, it is hoped that empowerment and development of local potential can be achieved by improving the problems faced by MSME actors. Steps such as consultation with local authorities, direct approaches to MSME players, as well as providing education and assistance in the form of banners and stickers are expected to help improve marketing and branding of their products. Apart from that, by creating new business ideas such as making grass jelly iced milk, it is hoped that it can encourage innovation and creativity in local businesses. In the process, follow-up and monitoring of MSME actors as well as evaluation of work program results are carried out to ensure the success of implementing solutions and evaluating their effectiveness. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide benefits in improving the economy and strengthening local potential in Medokan Semampir RW 03. By utilizing digitalization and community empowerment holistically, it is hoped that it can create a conducive environment for the development of MSMEs and improve the quality of life of local communities.

Social network dynamics in rural public spaces of multi-ethnic settlements: A case study from Tongren, China

In multi-ethnic rural settlements, a diversity of social relationships gives rise to various public spaces. The integration of cultures, propelled by urbanization, poses challenges to the unique characteristics of these rural public spaces. This process leads to issues such as the loss of cultural diversity, increased homogeneity of spaces, uneven distribution of public services, and low efficiency in space utilization, which seriously interfere with the healthy and sustainable development of rural social systems in multi-ethnic rural areas. This study, focusing on the rural public spaces in Tongren's multi-ethnic settlements, employs a social network analysis approach to investigate the implications of these spaces for the stability of rural community life and the preservation of cultural identities. A model for analyzing social networks in rural public spaces was developed, emphasizing overlapping patterns of user groups, activities, and spatial entities. Analysis of the social networks was conducted in three domains: emotional support, material exchange, and information dissemination. A semantic model was also constructed to understand the usage and structural networks within these public spaces. Comparative analyses between the usage and structural networks of rural public spaces were conducted to develop a comprehensive structural analysis system for these areas. Application of this system in analyzing the rural public spaces of Tongren revealed distinct findings. The connectivity of the structural network in Dongganmu Village's public spaces was found to be lower than that of the usage network, indicating that social factors heavily influence villagers' interactions. Furthermore, the number of small groups within the usage network was fewer than in the structural network, reflecting a lack of hierarchy in public space organization. Villagers’ preferences for public spaces were primarily influenced by cultural beliefs rather than spatial accessibility. The insights garnered from this study not only contribute to the understanding of social network structures in rural public spaces within multi-ethnic settlements but also provide a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the sustainable development of these areas.