Common Benign Lesions Research Articles

Multispectral Imaging Analysis of Skin Lesions in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare disease, affecting around 1 in 3500 individuals in the general population. The rarity of the disease contributes to the scarcity of the available diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Multispectral imaging is a non-invasive imaging method that shows promise in the diagnosis of various skin diseases. The device utilized for the present study consisted of four sets of narrow-band LEDs, including 526 nm, 663 nm, and 964 nm for diffuse reflectance imaging and 405 nm LEDs, filtered through a 515 nm long-pass filter, for autofluorescence imaging. RGB images were captured using a CMOS camera inside of the device. This paper presents the results of this multispectral skin imaging approach to distinguish the lesions in patients with NF1 from other more common benign skin lesions. The results show that the method provides a potential novel approach to distinguish NF1 lesions from other benign skin lesions.

Wide Resection for Pediatric Extremity Vascular Malformation-A Tertiary Hospital's Experience.

Vascular malformations of the extremities (VM) are common benign lesions that tend to grow throughout the patient's lifetime. They can cause various issues like pain, swelling, and even limb length discrepancies. Sclerotherapy was the preferred treatment choice in previous studies. However, sclerotherapy and many other treatments have the potential to result in higher recurrence rates. Surgical treatment has been shown to be effective and safe in many cases. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of wide resection surgery for VM to reduce recurrence. Fort-seven VM cases that underwent wide resection were identified retrospectively in the institution of study. Demographics, depth of malformation, whether malformations were local or diffuse, location and size of malformations, and histology records were taken note of. Records of recurrence and postoperative function were also gathered. We utilized self-reported questionnaires, QuickDASH and Lower Extremity Functional Scale, to determine patients' postsurgical physical function. Out of 47 cases that underwent wide resection, we found a recurrence rate of 2.1%. No patients sustained any loss of function postsurgery, with few patients experiencing minor complications like tenderness, hypertrophic scars/keloids, as well as numbness. Good functionality posttreatment was also seen through self-reported questionnaires, with an average score of 2.12 for QuickDASH and 99.96% for LEFS. Where margins can be obtained without functional impairment, surgical-wide resection for VM is a viable treatment option to minimize recurrence. Level-IV.

Comparison of the clinical characteristics of benign and malignant eyelid lesions: an analysis of 1423 eyelid lesions, compared between ophthalmology department and plastics department.

Oculoplastic surgeons excise and reconstruct eyelid tumors, although plastic surgeons have traditionally managed these cases. Current demand of this surgery is growing, and planning referral services is a health management necessity. This pilot study retrospectively reviewed same population eyelid specimens excised by both disciplines comparing data. Clinical and epidemiologic features of 1423 eyelid lesions biopsied between 2015- 2020 in Emek Medical Center (EMC), Israel were reviewed. Among 1423 specimens, 1210 (85.0%) were benign and 213 (15.0%) were malignant/pre-malignant. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors (76 and 59years respectively, p value < 0.001). The most common benign eyelid lesions were soft fibroma (20.1%), seborrheic keratosis (11.0%) and melanocytic nevus (10.3%). The most common malignant/pre-malignant eyelid tumors were basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (9.2%), actinic keratosis (2.6%) and Bowen's disease (1.9%). Ophthalmology removed 37 malignant/pre-malignant lesions (5.4%) out of 683 compared to plastics removing 142 malignant/pre-malignant lesions out of 740 (19.2%) specimens. Eyelid malignancy in the plastics department was significantly higher than in the ophthalmology department (p value < 0.001). 270 (70.0%) lesions caused by UV exposure were removed by plastics and 116 (30.0%) were removed by ophthalmology (p value < 0.001). Eyelid lesions in patients aged 76 or older are more likely to be malignant. Ophthalmology eyelid specimens in younger patients are more commonly benign and related to inflammation. Specimens from the plastics department are more commonly malignant, related to UV-exposure, and are from older patients. This difference may be due to a misconception that plastic surgeons have more eyelid cancer reconstruction experience than oculoplastic surgeons, or less awareness of the oculoplastic expertise available today.

Benign urinary bladder masses: rare entities

BackgroundThis study aimed to present the characteristics and outcomes of benign urinary bladder masses, as well as the characteristics of the patients diagnosed with such lesions.MethodsA single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted. The study involved patients who underwent transurethral resection of the primary bladder tumor over a four-year period (May 2017–2021) and were subsequently diagnosed with a benign bladder lesion.ResultsOut of 478 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the primary bladder tumor, 26 (5.4%) were diagnosed with a benign bladder lesion. The most common benign bladder lesion was urothelial papilloma (50%, 13 patients). The majority of patients with urothelial papilloma were men (76.9%) and had a history of smoking (61.5%). The mean age was 62 years. Most were diagnosed accidentally (69.2%), while others presented with hematuria (23.1%) or dysuria (7.7%). Most urothelial papillomas had a macroscopic polypoid appearance (61.5%), and most of them were solitary (84.6%), with a mean size amounting to 1 cm. Only one patient experienced a recurrence and developed papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Cystitis cystica/glandularis and polypoid cystitis were the second most commonly diagnosed benign bladder lesion, each identified in 3 patients. Singular cases of leiomyoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, chondroma, paraganglioma, villous adenoma, eosinophilic cystitis (pseudotumor), and ectopic prostatic tissue are described.ConclusionBenign bladder lesions constitute a group of various rare entities that can clinically and radiologically mimic urothelial carcinoma, but mostly show a good prognosis and a low incidence of recurrence.

A technical review of percutaneous sclerotherapy with bleomycin for giant hepatic venous malformation

BackgroundHepatic venous malformation (HVM), traditionally called liver haemangioma, is considered the most common benign hepatic lesion. Treatment might be indicated in large and symptomatic HVMs. We aim to describe stepwise technical aspects of trans-hepatic percutaneous sclerotherapy of hepatic venous malformation (HVM).Main textPatients with symptomatic HVM larger than 5 cm are selected after discussion in hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team. After prophylactic antibiotic and corticosteroid administration, local anaesthesia and conscious sedation are applied. A 22-gauge spinal or Chiba needle is used to obtain percutaneous access to the HVM through normal liver parenchyma under ultrasound guidance. To ensure proper needle placement and to prevent accidental delivery of sclerosant into unintended areas, about 5–10 mL iodine contrast is injected under fluoroscopy. Then, 45–60 IU bleomycin is mixed with 10 mL distilled water and 10 mL lipiodol and is slowly injected under fluoroscopy over a period of 20–30 s. After the needle is removed, manual pressure is applied over the puncture site for a period of 5 min followed by placement of a sandbag. Patients are monitored for 6–8 h post-procedure.ConclusionIn this technical review, we described our institutional technique of percutaneous sclerotherapy, which could be regarded as an alternative to TAE in the management of HVM.

Automated Assessment of T2-Weighted MRI to Differentiate Malignant and Benign Primary Solid Liver Lesions in Noncirrhotic Livers Using Radiomics

Distinguishing malignant from benign liver lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important but often challenging task, especially in noncirrhotic livers. We developed and externally validated a radiomics model to quantitatively assess T2-weighted MRI to distinguish the most common malignant and benign primary solid liver lesions in noncirrhotic livers. Data sets were retrospectively collected from three tertiary referral centers (A, B, and C) between 2002 and 2018. Patients with malignant (hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) and benign (hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia) lesions were included. A radiomics model based on T2-weighted MRI was developed in data set A using a combination of machine learning approaches. The model was internally evaluated on data set A through cross-validation, externally validated on data sets B and C, and compared to visual scoring of two experienced abdominal radiologists on data set C. The overall data set included 486 patients (A: 187, B: 98, and C: 201). The radiomics model had a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 upon internal validation on data set A and a similar AUC in external validation (B: 0.74 and C: 0.76). In data set C, the two radiologists showed moderate agreement (Cohen's κ: 0.61) and achieved AUCs of 0.86 and 0.82. Our T2-weighted MRI radiomics model shows potential for distinguishing malignant from benign primary solid liver lesions. External validation indicated that the model is generalizable despite substantial MRI acquisition protocol differences. Pending further optimization and generalization, this model may aid radiologists in improving the diagnostic workup of patients with liver lesions.

Tissue Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome versus Solitary Juvenile Polyps among Pediatric Patients

Background Polyps are the most common benign lesions of the colon; they arise from the inner lining and usually protrude into the lumen of the large intestine. Amongst these, the juvenile polyps are the commonest of the pediatric population and may occur in juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) or most often sporadically. Yet to mention that the expression "juvenile" points to the type of polyp, rather than to the age of onset of these polyps. Aim of the Work We aimed to evaluate tissue cyclooxygenase-2 activity in juvenile polyposis syndrome versus solitary juvenile polyps among pediatric patients. In order to identify a possible role of COX-2 inhibitors in treatment and management of children with JPS. Patients and Methods The study enrolled 15 patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome as cases and 15 patients with solitary juvenile polyps as control. The collected polyps’ samples from routine endoscopic polypectomies intervention were proceeded for immunohistochemistry method on tissue microarray using Anti-COX-2 antibody to evaluate and compare its activity in polyps of JPS and SJP. Demographic, clinicopathological, and endoscopic data were obtained. Results Thirteen children with JPS were included in the study with mean age ±SD (7.2± 3.2) years and 7 (46.7%) patients were males, SJP control group included 13 children with mean age ±SD (5.8± 3.5) years, 9 (60%) male patients. Number of lower endoscopies and upper endoscopies was significantly higher in JPS group with P-value=0.009, 0.032 respectively. Intussusception was significantly higher in juvenile polyposis syndrome patients compared to control group with P-value=0.032. COX-2 expression was nonsignificantly different in cases group compared to control group patients with P-value= 0.464. Conclusion COX-2 expression is nonsignificantly higher in polyps of JPS patients in comparison to solitary juvenile polyp patients.

Sarcoma estromal endometrial extrauterino primario de bajo grado

Endometriosis is a common benign lesion whose importance lies in the associated symptomatology and the possibility of malignant transformation. Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare tumor, accounting for only 0.2% of all female genital tract tumors. Primary extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcomas are even rarer, are frequently associated with endometriosis, and have been reported in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and retroperitoneum in the absence of uterine pathology. We describe a case of a female patient who consulted for dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and dyschezia. Pelvic magnetic resonance showed a heterogeneous tumor in the left adnexa compatible with endometrioma. Histopathological findings and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with the diagnosis of primary low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma. The patient underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral oophorosalpingectomy, total omentectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymph node resection.

A clinicopathological study of sinonasal lesions-5 years study in a rural hospital setup

Background: Sinonasal lesions of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic variants are frequently observed by clinicians in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Sinonasal lesions are important due to divergence in their behavior and prognosis. Hence, a careful histological workup remains the mainstay of a final definitive diagnosis and timely intervention. Materials and methods: A prospective analysis was done on 151 patients of Sinonasal masses who presented to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MVJ Medical College and Hospital, from 2014 to 2019. Their biodata, clinical profile, and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed. Results: Non-neoplastic lesions (135 cases, 89.4%) were more frequent than neoplastic lesions (16 cases, 10.59%), and showed male predominance with an M: F ratio of 1.7:1. Nasal polyp (119 cases, 88%) was the most common lesion. Nasal obstruction (89 cases 89.45%) was the most common presenting feature. Among the neoplastic lesions, lobular capillary hemangioma was the most common benign lesion (2 cases,50%), and squamous cell carcinoma 2 cases (18.1%), was the most common malignant lesion. Conclusions: Sinonasal masses can present with overlapping clinical features, hence, it is important to categorize them into non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions for further management. Histopathology remains the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis in such cases.

Clinicopathological study and management of masses in the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx: a case series of 42 cases

BackgroundDifferent types of space-occupying lesions can arise from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. They can be neoplastic (benign and malignant) or nonneoplastic lesions producing wide range of clinical symptoms. The correlations of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings are necessary in these types of cases.The aim of the study is to evaluate clinical behaviours of sinonasal cavity and nasopharyngeal masses, to correlate the radiological and pathological findings of masses, to evaluate the methods for early diagnosis of masses and to determine and evaluate the outcome of sinonasal cavity and nasopharyngeal masses following various modalities of treatment.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Vadodara, Gujarat. A total 42 cases were included in the study. Clinical, demographic, radiological and histopathological details were noted in each case. Follow-up period was about 3 months to 18 months in the study.ObservationA total 42 cases were included in the study with 20 benign neoplastic lesions, 19 malignant lesions, and 3 nonneoplastic lesions. The incidence was noted between 8 and 75 years of age with a male to female ratio of 2:23. Angiofibroma was the most common benign neoplastic lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion noted. Thirty-three patients were successfully operated for the excision of tumour. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction present in 66.67% of cases followed by swelling over local site in 62% of cases followed by nasal discharge in our study.DiscussionThe nasal cavity contains different types of epithelial (squamous, neural, olfactory) and mesenchymal (bone, cartilage, muscle and vascular) tissues. Tumours can arise from any of these tissues. Symptomatology is indistinguishable from nasal polypi, chronic rhinosinusitis and granulomatous diseases of the nose. Utmost care is needed in the examination and diagnosis of these cases before starting the treatment.ConclusionClinical, radiological and histopathological correlations are necessary in sinonasal masses as it will be helpful in deciding the treatment plan and any adjunctive treatment if necessary like chemoradiation in malignant lesions. Continuous follow-up is also necessary to look for patency of nasal cavity, any complication and recurrence.

Effective Treatment Modalities for Oral Mucocele in Young Pediatric Patients: Case Series and Literature Review

Oral mucocele is a common soft-tissue benign lesion in children that is generally reported in the literature with underlying etiology of traumatic event to the oral mucosa. Such lesions have been reported to be managed clinically by different therapeutic modalities ranging from conventional surgery to laser-assisted surgery. The appropriate treatment modalities for mucocele of oral mucosa in pediatric patients are utmost important for having favorable healing outcomes without any postoperative complications and recurrence. Hence, the selection of appropriate therapeutic options is very critical for achieving the desired results of treatment of such lesions. This article illustrates the clinical case series regarding the effective and successful management of extravasation mucoceles at different locations of oral mucosa in three pediatric patients including 5-month-old male infant, 7-year-old boy, and 8.5-year-old boy. The case report has been written as per the CARE case reporting guidelines.

Ultrasound Elastography for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Solid Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The incidental finding of small renal masses in CT and MRI examinations can present a diagnostic challenge. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and angiomyolipoma (AML) are the most common incidental malignant and benign renal lesions but may present with similar US features. US elastography is a non-invasive technique that can assess tissue elasticity, has shown promising results in many clinical settings, and could be able to differentiate between benign and malignant renal lesions based on tissue stiffness. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the applications of US elastography in the characterization of solid renal masses and to derive and compare the summary estimates of different stiffness values across different lesion subtypes. In December 2022, a systematic search was carried out on the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases to retrieve studies on the application of US elastography in the characterization of solid renal masses. After article selection by three researchers, 14 studies entered qualitative synthesis. A total of 1190 patients were included, and the elastography data of 959 lesions were examined: 317/959 (33%) benign and 642/959 (67%) malignant. Among the malignancies, 590 (91%) were RCC, whereas, among the 317 benign lesions, 244 (77%) were AML. All lesions were classified using a histopathological (biopsy or operative specimen) or imaging (US follow-up/CT/MRI) reference standard. After data extraction and methodological quality evaluation, quantitative synthesis was performed on 12 studies, 4 using strain elastography (SE) and 8 using shear wave elastography (SWE), with single- and double-arm random-effects meta-analyses. Lesion stiffness measured with SE was available in four studies, with an RCC strain ratio higher than the AML strain ratio both in an indirect comparison (Cochran’s Q test p = 0.014) and in a direct comparison (p = 0.021). Conversely, the SWE measurements of RCC and AML stiffness did not significantly differ either at an indirect comparison (p = 0.055) or direct comparison (p = 0.114).

Endoscopic Excision of Rare Large Maxillary Sinus Osteoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Paranasal sinus osteomas are the most common benign fibro-osseous lesions that occur in the paranasal sinuses, having potential serious complications. With a prevalence ratio of 2:1 towards males, in 95% of the cases, the osteomas are situated most commonly in the frontoethmoidal region. However, osteomas of the maxillary sinus account for less than 5% of cases. The management of symptomatic paranasal sinus osteomas is surgical and is decided based on tumor size and location, patient symptoms, and experience of the surgeon. The Caldwell–Luc procedure, lateral rhinotomy, or craniotomy as external standard procedures remain mandatory if endonasal endoscopic surgery fails. In most reported cases, large tumors are excised by an external approach or in conjunction with an endoscopic technique. Endoscopic treatment of such tumors is a huge challenge for the operator. We report on a 42-year-old male patient presenting with a giant calcified mass in the right maxillary sinus. In this case, an endonasal approach was the most appropriate management even with the large size of the tumor. No recurrence at 24 months follow-up was reported.

Clinico-pathological study of sinonasal masses at a tertiary care hospital of southern Bihar

Background: This study focuses on sino-nasal masses (SNMs) and their presentation with their radiological findings and corroboration with initial diagnosis and histopathological examination (HPE). Methods: A prospective study conducted in total 62 patients with SNMs presenting between the period (September 2020 to October 2022) in medical college, southern Bihar. Patients were subjected to detailed history and battery of tests with all necessary investigations. Final diagnosis was concluded after HPE. Results: Age distribution ranged from 10 to 64 years with mean age of 34.2 and M: F ratio of 1.14:1. Demography suggested predisposition in low socioeconomic strata (N=36; 58.06%). Majority fell in category of farmers (N=16; 25.8%) followed by housewives, laborers. Majority presented within a time frame of 1-2 years of onset of symptoms/appearance of the lesion (N=25;40.3%) followed by 6 months to 1-year. Most common presenting symptom was nasal obstruction (N=59;95.16%), followed by nasal discharge (n= 49, 79.03%). HPE concluded 45 samples (72.58%) as non-neoplastic, 15 samples (24.19%) as benign neoplastic (96.7%) and 2 as malignant neoplastic lesions (3.22%). In 58 out of 62 patients (93.54%) the clinical diagnosis was corroborated with HPE diagnosis. Conclusions: Nasal polyps, the most common benign lesions and SCCs, the most common malignant lesion of SNT. Malignant lesions common in elderlies should be differentiated from non-malignant lesions. Due to similar presentation of diversified aetiology, a clinical and radiological evaluation is of prime for initial management. HPE remains the gold standard for final diagnosis and definitive management.

H17 Traditional medicine: a warts-and-all tale

Abstract A viral wart is a common benign lesion caused by infection with human papillomavirus. They typically present in children; however, they are also often seen in adults, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Modern treatments for viral warts include cryotherapy, cantharone, cautery and curettage, and topical chemotherapeutic agents. However, historically, a variety of methods were employed to treat viral warts: animal-based, plant-based, mineral-based and magicoreligious. These can be further categorized based on the principles of chance and transference (Barron C, Soverino T. Snails, water in a stone, and Holy Wells: an examination of wart cures from the Irish Schools’ Folklore Collection, 1937–38. Folklore 2020; 131:386–412). One popular method that combined both the principles of chance and transference involved finding a snail by chance and then rubbing it on the warts, and skewering the snail to kill it. The concept behind this method was that the warts would be transferred to the snails and then the warts would subsequently decay with them. Another animal-based cure involved stealing a piece of meat, usually bacon, and rubbing the meat into the wart before burying the meat. In terms of mineral-based cures, there were many popular methods. The most commonly encountered treatments included holy water, forge water (often from a blacksmith), water from a stone or ‘wart rocks’. People would also attend ‘wart wells’ and make offerings of stones. The use of water was the most widespread mineral-based cure. Plant-based cures were also prevalent, with the milk of a dandelion, the juice of a potato, rushes and straw being just a few examples. Plant-based cures were often combined with aspects of religion. One cure involved cutting a potato in two, and rubbing the cut part to the wart in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The potato was then put away in an old wall; when it shrivelled up, it was believed the wart would disappear. There were also ritualistic methods. Certain healers could perform prayers, and it was believed that when a funeral would pass, one should lift clay three times from under the right foot and rub it on the warts. They would then need to throw it away after the funeral. As the corpse wasted away, the warts would decay, too. While the natural trajectory was that these warts would have self-resolved irrespective of the cures used, our ancestors were proactive and employed many different methods to treat this common ailment.

Transpedicular Onyx embolization of a thoracic hemangioma with robotic assistance: illustrative case.

Hemangiomas are common benign vascular lesions that rarely present with pain and neurological deficits. Symptomatic lesions are often treated with endovascular embolization. However, transarterial embolization can be technically challenging depending on the size and caliber of the vessels. Moreover, embolization can result in osteonecrosis and vertebral collapse. Here the authors report the first case of a T10 vertebral hemangioma treated with transpedicular Onyx embolization aided by a robotic platform that guided pedicle cannulation and Craig needle placement. An intravenous catheter was attached to the needle and dimethylsulfoxide was infused, followed by Onyx under real-time fluoroscopy. Repeat angiography demonstrated significantly reduced contrast opacification of the vertebral body without compromise of the segmental artery. A T9-11 pedicle screw fixation was performed to optimize long-term stability. The patient's symptoms improved and was stable at the 6-month follow-up. Transpedicular embolization of vertebral hemangiomas can be performed successfully under robotic navigation guidance, avoiding complications seen with the intra-arterial approach and allowing for simultaneous pedicle screw fixation to prevent collapse and delayed kyphotic deformity. During the same procedure, a biopsy specimen can be collected for pathology. This technique can help to alleviate patient symptoms while avoiding complications associated with transarterial embolization or open resection.

Spectrum, Clinicopathologic Profile, and p16 Expression Pattern of Nonmalignant Cervical Tissues in Enugu, South-East Nigeria

Abstract Background p16 is a marker for p16-induced transformation of high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV)-infected cervical epithelium. HPV is a known etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Persistent hrHPV infection of cervical epithelium causes transformation of the infected epithelial cells resulting in increased proliferative potential of the cells and subsequent progression to frank malignancy. Early detection of transformation in cervical cells is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods We aimed to study the clinicopathologic profile of nonmalignant cervical lesions and their p16 staining pattern. Histopathology requisition forms, blocks, and slides of cases containing cervical tissue with nonmalignant diagnosis received into the morbid anatomy department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from 2009 to 2018 were studied. Fresh sections from the blocks were immunohistochemically stained with p16 and examined. Results One-hundred and ninety-one cases were studied. Majority of the cases are normal cervical epithelium. Chronic nonspecific cervicitis was the major non-neoplastic lesion present and accounted for 33.3% of the biopsy and the mean age was 50.5 years. Other lesions were nabothian cyst (8.4%), cervical polyp (10.5%), low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL; 6.3 and 2.6%, respectively). The mean age for LSIL was 40.3 years, while that of HSIL was 45.2years. Four LSIL, two HSIL, one polyp, one chronic nonspecific cervicitis, and one lobular endocervical hyperplasia stained positively with p16. Conclusion The most common benign lesion of the cervix is cervicitis. Chronic cervicitis is negative to p16 immunoreactivity. There are more low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) than high-grade CIN. The low-grade CIN overexpress p16 in one-third of cases. There are more cases of p16-negative high-grade CIN in this study.

The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions-Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis.

Cross-sectional imaging of the upper abdomen, especially if intravenous contrast has been administered, will most likely reveal any acute or chronic disease harbored in the spleen. Unless imaging is performed with the specific purpose of evaluating the spleen or characterizing a known splenic lesion, incidentally discovered splenic lesions pose a small challenge. Solitary benign splenic lesions include cysts, hemangiomas, sclerosing angiomatous nodular transformation (SANT), hamartomas, and abscesses, among others. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, although predominantly diffuse micronodular disease processes, may also present as a solitary splenic mass lesion. In addition, infarction and rupture, both traumatic and spontaneous, may take place in the spleen. This review aims to describe the imaging features of the most common benign focal splenic lesions, with emphasis on the imaging findings as these are encountered on routine cross-sectional imaging from a multicenter pool of cases that, coupled with clinical information, can allow a definite diagnosis.

A histopathological study of ovarian lesions in a rural medical college

Ovarian lesions can present in any age of life and has a wide spectrum of presentation. They contribute to most of the pelvic masses encountered in clinical practice in reproductive age group. Histopathological examination is of prime importance in ovarian lesions as it is difficult to diagnose these lesions on basis of clinical history, radiology alone.: To analyse the spectrum of ovarian lesions and to categorize them on basis of histomorphological pattern. A total 132 cases were studied from January 2022 to December 2022. Relevant clinical details and histopathological findings were reviewed and analysed. A total of 132 cases of ovarian lesions were included in this study with age range from 20 years to 72 years. Non neoplastic cases were 71 and neoplastic cases were 61 in present study. Follicular cyst was the commonest non neoplastic lesion (48 cases) followed by haemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst (16 cases). Out of 61 neoplastic lesions, 56 were benign, 3 were borderline and 2 were malignant on histopathological examination. Mucinous cystadenoma was the commonest benign lesion and serous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour in the present study. Borderline mucinous cyst adenoma was the commonest in borderline cases in our study. Unilateral presentation of ovarian lesions was found in 116 cases and bilateral in 16 cases. In present study majority of cases were of non neoplastic lesions. For accurate management of the ovarian lesions it is important to correlate clinical findings and ultrasonography findings with histopathology diagnosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis

Background: Parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P-MEC) is the most common of malignant salivary gland tumors and its accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial for better management and prognostication. This becomes even more critical because in most cases P-MEC is difficult to distinguish from other common benign parotid lesions including abscess both clinically and radiologicall, but where management is entirely different. MRI could prove a vital cog in the wheel in this whole endeavor. This study aims to analyse the various MRI features in parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma and the control group of non-MEC benign parotid masses which will aid in better distinguish between the two entities thereby coming to a confident diagnosis which will aid in management planning and better prognosis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Sree Uthradom Thirunal Academy of Medical Science (SUTAMS), Thiruvananthapuram, India from July 2021 to July 2022 after obtaining Institutional Ethical committee approval. An informed consent was obtained from all patients before conduct of MRI imaging. The various MRI findings was applied in 60 patients in age bracket of 45-90 yrs with HPE proven parotid gland tumors. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: MEC (n=30) and non–MEC (n=30) as a control group. Results: Logistic regression analysis identified presence of cystic component (p&lt;0.001), T1 hypointense signal (p&lt;0.001), T2 hyperintense signal (p&lt;0.001), heterogeneous post contrast enhancement (p&lt;0.001) and perineural invasion (p=0.002) as characteristic MRI features of parotid MEC that aided in its accurate distinction from other non-MEC lesions of parotid. Conclusions: MRI can be a valuable tool for reliably distinguishing parotid mucoepidermoid from other parotid lesions.