Common Usage Research Articles

Understanding the Function of Past Participles in Complex Sentences

This article delves into the intricacies of past participles and their function in complex sentences within the English language. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how past participles are used to create nuance and depth in both written and spoken English. The discussion begins with an examination of the formation and structure of past participles, distinguishing between regular and irregular verbs and their respective participle forms. The article then explores the critical role of past participles in forming perfect tenses, passive voice constructions, and participle clauses, illustrating each function with detailed examples and practical exercises. In addition, common mistakes and misconceptions are addressed, providing clear explanations to help learners differentiate between past participles and past tense forms. Effective teaching strategies are outlined, offering educators practical methods and classroom activities to reinforce learning. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of mastering past participles for achieving advanced language proficiency and encourages further study and practice. By exploring various sentence structures, examples, and common usage patterns, this article offers valuable insights for linguists, educators, and advanced English learners.

Peer Support Specialists: SAMHSA's designation raises confusion

If you are in recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD), a peer would be another person in recovery from a SUD. At least, that's the purist way of thinking, before the word “peer” came into common usage. For years, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has endeavored in various ways to promote the blending of SUDs and mental illnesses, mainly in terms of the recovery workforce. Most recently, SAMHSA's publication, Peer Support Specialists: A Growing Mental Health and Addictions Workforce, adds further confusion to the issue. We asked experts in the field to comment.

Overcoming the problems of translating vedic literature in indonesian language through sri aurobindo's vedic interpretation method

Background: The Vedas are the earliest texts known to humanity. Given their status as an ancient text, as well as the loss of Vedic knowledge over the centuries, it is unsurprising that understanding them presents a significant challenge to modern readers, particularly in terms of their use of archaic language, symbols, and parables. As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between the interpretation of the Vedas by the Vedic people and by modern scholars. Meanwhile, in the modern era, Western scholars engage in research and translation of the Vedas without fully grasping their significance as perceived by the Rishis. This presents a challenge in attempting to comprehend the Vedic texts. Accordingly, the objective of any translation of sacred literature must be to bridge this interpretive gap and to retain the significance of the original words. Methods: In Hinduism, as some of the archaic words, some of which only appear once and constitute around 25% of the Vedas, disappeared from common usage, the method of translation and interpretation of these words was first developed by Yāska, and added on to by Sāyaṇa. It is therefore crucial to gain an understanding of, and to develop the skills of, these three individuals. Focusing on more recent times, Sri Aurobindo (who died in 1950) provided more practical and accessible guidance for the present era. His method of Vedic interpretation is a synthesis of linguistic proficiency as delineated in Nirukta, an appreciation for symbolism, and an understanding of psychological principles, thereby ensuring that the words of the Vedas retain their capacity to resonate with individuals on a personal level. Findings: This entails a comprehensive examination that encompasses a profound grasp of the symbolism, philosophy, and spiritual intent enshrined in the Vedas. Sri Aurobindo's approach integrates symbolic interpretation with a broad cosmic vision, thereby enabling the translator to capture the spiritual core of the sacred text while remaining faithful to its original context. Conclusion: Furthermore, this method considers the relevance and applicability of Vedic teachings in contemporary Indonesian culture.

Taming a wild new term: exploring the concept of quiet quitting as a coping response

Purpose“Quiet quitting” emerged as a term in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic and has since gained immense popularity worldwide, working its way into common usage. However, disagreement exists over the term’s meaning and utility. Our paper critically considers the value of the construct of quiet quitting, proposing an initial operationalization of its properties.Design/methodology/approachWe develop hypotheses related to the antecedents, characteristics and consequences of quiet quitting through a literature review and subsequent survey. The questionnaire was distributed to working professionals in Europe and assessed through multiple partial least squares analyses.FindingsWe propose quiet quitting as a coping strategy involving a combination of reduced effort, disengagement, disassociation and boundary-setting. 108 responses obtained through a survey of knowledge workers provide some support that these existing concepts indeed form a second-order construct with emergent properties not found when assessed individually. However, we suggest that the utility of quiet quitting as a distinct coping strategy is questionable and that generally, it is more useful to discuss its subcomponents separately.Research limitations/implicationsWhile limited by its cross-sectional nature, this work raises several potentially fruitful future lines of research and offers a first step in evaluating a relatively new term that is of substantial relevance to management scholarship and practice.Originality/valueNew concepts stemming from popular literature can be problematic, grounded in untested folk theory and riddled with ambiguity. At the same time, they can stretch our thinking and drive research in new directions if they can be sufficiently refined. We offer a new conceptualization of quiet quitting but question its usefulness.

Mapping Open Access Publishing Trends in Central Universities of North East India: A Scientometric Approach

ABSTRACT The study analyses open access publications across the 10 central universities of North East India, focusing on publication trends, disciplinary distribution, citation impact, collaboration patterns, and open access licensing patterns. It compiles scholarly outputs from the OpenAlex API, integrating various data sources such as Microsoft Academic Graph, ORCID, Crossref, and Unpaywall. A total of 28,832 publications from 2004–2023 were collected and analyzed using statistical methods. The findings reveal a positive trend in research output across the represented universities, with an increasing emphasis on OA publications. However, the proportion of OA publications remains relatively low compared to closed access. Citation impact varies among universities, reflecting differences in research quality and visibility. Open repositories such as SSRN, Research Square, and Zenodo are crucial in promoting OA publishing. The study also reveals common usage of licenses such as CC-BY and CC-BY-NC-ND, with variations across universities. The impact on libraries is also discussed, emphasizing the role of libraries in promoting OA, supporting researchers, and contributing to scholarly communication advancement. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, academic administrators, and researchers seeking to promote a culture of openness, collaboration, and innovation in scholarly communication within the region, country, and at the global level.

<b>Analysis of State Changes in English Causative Constructions: Insights from Construction Grammar</b>

This research aims to explore how English causative constructions convey changes in state, using the frameworks of Construction Grammar and Radical Construction Grammar. The 310 English language samples were selected based on their relevance to illustrating transitions caused by internal or external factors, sourced from reliable texts, diverse contexts, varied grammatical constructions, and common usage patterns. Through a thorough examination of syntax and semantics, the study aims to illustrate how causative constructions effectively capture dynamic processes and cognitive perceptions. Emphasis is placed on the roles of the agent and patient, with the analysis seeking to uncover how these structures deal with causality and, crucially, changes in state. The findings show that causative structures in English mainly depict physical changes, although there is still a significant representation of emotional and mental changes. This analysis reveals the universal and language-specific aspects of causative constructions and provides insights into how they are used in everyday conversations and cognitive activities.

Malaysian occupational therapists’ perspectives on sensory-based intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: A focus group discussion

ABSTRACT This study explores Malaysian occupational therapists’ perspectives on implementing sensory-based intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder, addressing the high prevalence of sensory processing disorder in this population. Despite sensory-based intervention’s common usage globally, its implementation and associated challenges remain inadequately documented. The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting two focus group discussions with 14 experienced occupational therapists. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti software revealed eight themes: intervention approaches, implementation references, common activities, implementation structure, strategies, intervention types, evaluation methods, and challenges encountered. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized intervention strategies to meet the diverse sensory needs of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the necessity for developing comprehensive guidelines for effective sensory-based intervention implementation and underscores the need for individualized approaches. The study’s findings provide a contextual overview of sensory-based intervention in addressing sensory processing disorder among children with autism spectrum disorder. This research may inform the development of evidence-based guidelines and protocols for sensory interventions in occupational therapy practice, ultimately improving the quality of care for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Using a Multivariate Virtual Experiment for Uncertainty Evaluation with Unknown Variance

Virtual experiments are a digital representation of a real measurement and play a crucial role in modern measurement sciences and metrology. Beyond their common usage as a modeling and validation tool, a virtual experiment may also be employed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis or to carry out a measurement uncertainty evaluation. For the latter to be compliant with statistical principles and metrological guidelines, the procedure to obtain an estimate and a corresponding measurement uncertainty requires careful consideration. We employ a Monte Carlo sampling procedure using a virtual experiment that allows one to perform a measurement uncertainty evaluation according to the Monte Carlo approach of JCGM-101 and JCGM-102, two widely applied guidelines for uncertainty evaluation in metrology. We extend and formalize a previously published approach for simple additive models to account for a large class of non-linear virtual experiments and measurement models for multidimensionality of the data and output quantities, and for the case of unknown variance of repeated measurements. With the algorithm developed here, a simple procedure for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty is provided that may be applied in various applications that admit a certain structure for their virtual experiment. Moreover, the measurement model commonly employed for uncertainty evaluation according to JCGM-101 and JCGM-102 is not required for this algorithm, and only evaluations of the virtual experiment are performed to obtain an estimate and an associated uncertainty of the measurand. We demonstrate the efficacy of the developed approach and the effect of the underlying assumptions for a generic polynomial regression example and an example of a simplified coordinate measuring machine and its virtual representation. The results of this work highlight that considerable effort, diligence, and statistical considerations need to be invested to make use of a virtual experiment for uncertainty evaluation in a way that ensures equivalence with the accepted guidelines.

Immediate allergies to chlorhexidine: A series of pediatric cases from the French pharmacovigilance database: Immediate allergies to chlorhexidine: series of pediatric cases from the French pharmacovigilance database

BackgroundImmediate allergic reactions to chlorhexidine have been clearly identified in numerous countries, generating governmental warnings worldwide. ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to characterize (i) these allergies, which are less reported in pediatric populations, and (ii) the patient-at-risk profile so as to suggest preventive measures. MethodsIn association with the allergy department and the regional pharmacovigilance center in Rennes University Hospital, France, a multicenter retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted using data from the national pharmacovigilance database for the period of January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2020. Immediate allergies to chlorhexidine cases based on a clinical history compatible with an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reaction, along with positive allergic testing, were analyzed. ResultsOf the 478 cases identified, 17 pediatric cases of immediate allergic reaction to chlorhexidine (13 cases of grades II–IV anaphylaxis) were retained for the analysis. For 58.8 % of these cases, a history of a previous more moderate reaction to the substance was identified. The reactions occurred most frequently in cases of domestic misuse (88.2 %, n = 15/17) of chlorhexidine to dress a wound. Recurrence was reported for two cases, later leading to severe reactions at each new exposure to the allergen, suggesting an aggravation mechanism. ConclusionThe number of pediatric cases of immediate allergies to chlorhexidine has possibly been underestimated on account of insufficient knowledge of the allergy and in view of its common usage. Information on the method of caring for wounds among children and on the risk of allergic sensitization as well as exploring any unusual reaction to chlorhexidine application could reduce the number of allergic reactions.

Medical Metaphors That May Reinforce Misconceptions Are Associated With Increased Trust in the Clinician.

This study measured patient reactions to medical metaphors used in musculoskeletal specialty offices and asked: (1) Are there any factors associated with patient thoughts and emotions in response to common metaphors? (2) Is there a difference between patient ratings of metaphors rated as potentially reinforcing misconceptions and those that are more neutral? In a cross-sectional study, 228 patients presenting to multiple musculoskeletal specialty offices rated reactions to 4 metaphors presented randomly from a set of 14. Two were categorized as potentially reinforcing common misconceptions and 2 as relatively neutral. Bivariate tests and multivariable regression identified factors associated with patient ratings of levels of emotion (using the standard assessment manikins) and aspects of experience (communication effectiveness, trust, and feeling comfortable rated on 11-point ordinal scales) in response to each metaphor. Levels of patient unhelpful thinking or distress regarding symptoms were not associated with patient ratings of patient emotion and experience in response to metaphors. Metaphors that reinforce misconceptions were associated with higher ratings of communication effectiveness, trust, and comfort (P < .05). The observation that metaphors that validate a person's understanding of his or her illness may elicit trust even if those metaphors have the potential to reinforce misconceptions may account for the common usage of such metaphors. Clinicians can work to incorporate methods for building trust without reinforcing misconceptions.

Responsible AI Practice in Libraries and Archives

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to positively impact library and archives collections and services—enhancing reference, instruction, metadata creation, recommendations, and more. However, AI also has ethical implications. This paper presents an extensive literature and review analysis that examines AI projects implemented in library and archives settings, asking the following research questions: RQ1: How is artificial intelligence being used in libraries and archives practice? RQ2: What ethical concerns are being identified and addressed during AI implementation in libraries and archives? The results of this literature review show that AI implementation is growing in libraries and archives and that practitioners are using AI for increasingly varied purposes. We found that AI implementation was most common in large, academic libraries. Materials used in AI projects usually involved digitized and born digital text and images, though materials also ranged to include web archives, electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), and maps. AI was most often used for metadata extraction and reference and research services. Just over half of the papers included in the literature review mentioned ethics or values related issues in their discussions of AI implementation in libraries and archives, and only one-third of all resources discussed ethical issues beyond technical issues of accuracy and human-in-the-loop. Case studies relating to AI in libraries and archives are on the rise, and we expect subsequent discussions of relevant ethics and values to follow suit, particularly growing in the areas of cost considerations, transparency, reliability, policy and guidelines, bias, social justice, user communities, privacy, consent, accessibility, and access. As AI comes into more common usage, it will benefit the library and archives professions to not only consider ethics when implementing local projects, but to publicly discuss these ethical considerations in shared documentation and publications.

A Combinatorial Strategy for API Completion: Deep Learning and Heuristics

Remembering software library components and mastering their application programming interfaces (APIs) is a daunting task for programmers, due to the sheer volume of available libraries. API completion tools, which predict subsequent APIs based on code context, are essential for improving development efficiency. Existing API completion techniques, however, face specific weaknesses that limit their performance. Pattern-based code completion methods that rely on statistical information excel in extracting common usage patterns of API sequences. However, they often struggle to capture the semantics of the surrounding code. In contrast, deep-learning-based approaches excel in understanding the semantics of the code but may miss certain common usages that can be easily identified by pattern-based methods. Our insight into overcoming these challenges is based on the complementarity between these two types of approaches. This paper proposes a combinatorial method of API completion that aims to exploit the strengths of both pattern-based and deep-learning-based approaches. The basic idea is to utilize a confidence-based selector to determine which type of approach should be utilized to generate predictions. Pattern-based approaches will only be applied if the frequency of a particular pattern exceeds a pre-defined threshold, while in other cases, deep learning models will be utilized to generate the API completion results. The results showed that our approach dramatically improved the accuracy and mean reciprocal rank (MRR) in large-scale experiments, highlighting its utility.

Exploring fundamental engineering course instructors' test usage beliefs and behaviors: A multicase study

AbstractBackgroundTests are commonly and heavily used in fundamental engineering courses (FECs) to assess student learning of concepts. With existing literature presenting mixed benefits and disadvantages of testing to students' motivation to learn and documenting widely alternative assessments, the lack of questioning of heavy and common test usage must be addressed to diversify classroom assessment and promote intentionality in test usage.Purpose/HypothesisThis study begins to address the lack of questioning by exploring and uncovering test usage beliefs and behaviors of seven FEC instructors from two engineering departments in a land‐grant, public, Research 1 universityDesign/MethodGrounded in the Situated Expectancy–Value Theory (SEVT), we conducted a multicase study. Data include two interviews, course syllabi, and sample tests provided by the participants, and public documents from the institution and departments. We conducted a priori and emergent coding and thematic analysis to identify the beliefs and behaviors before developing individual case summaries for cross‐case analysis to identify groupings.ResultsThree test usage groups emerged: enthusiastic, default, and questioning. All test usage groups featured tests heavily in their FECs, resulting in varying alignment between these participants' test usage beliefs and behaviors.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the various factors that can shape FEC instructors' test usage beliefs and behaviors, and the complexity in terms of alignment. This work lays important implications, including laying the foundations for future scholarship on testing in engineering education research and leveraging findings to begin efforts in diversifying assessment approaches and promoting intentional test usage in FECs.

Scenario-Based Analysis of High-End New Energy Vehicle User Demands

With the rise in global environmental awareness and the rapid development of new energy technologies, high-end new energy vehicles (NEV) have become an important direction for the automotive industry. Consumer demand is evolving from merely seeking a means of transportation to desiring a comprehensive experience across various scenarios, emphasizing high quality, high performance, and environmental friendliness. Understanding the characteristics and trends of high-end NEV users' demands is crucial for car manufacturers in formulating market strategies, product design, and service improvement. However, current focus is often on policies and product design, lacking analysis of actual usage scenarios. To address this gap, this article employs scenario research methods to delve into the needs of high-end NEV users, selecting typical scenarios such as urban commuting, long-distance travel, and business operations. The research indicates that high-end NEV users are primarily young, highly educated, middle-to-high income individuals who exhibit rational consumption habits. Their most common usage scenarios include commuting to work, transporting family members, and shopping. In these contexts, there is a pronounced demand for vehicle safety performance, ride comfort, and intelligent features, each showing differentiated characteristics across various user groups. For instance, female users demonstrate a particularly strong preference for comfort-related configurations, whereas married users with children have the highest demand for spacious and convenient features. Based on these insights, this paper offers targeted recommendations from the perspectives of product design and marketing.

An Analysis of Coherence and Cohesion in English Majors’ Academic Essays

This research investigates coherence (how ideas are logically connected) and cohesion (how sentences flow together) errors in essays written by junior English majors. Analyzing 80 essays and conducting 10 interviews, the researchers identified common errors and usage patterns. Using Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework for cohesion and Oshima and Hogue's (2006) framework for coherence, the findings reveal frequent use of lexical cohesion, such as repetition and synonyms, but also misuse of cohesive devices. The study suggests that clear instructional interventions should be developed to improve writing skills, and regular feedback should be provided. Teachers should demonstrate the use of cohesive devices to connect ideas and enhance coherence and peer review activities can also help students learn from each other's writing. Future research should consider longitudinal studies and cross-institutional comparisons to track progress and identify common issues.

Ethnobotany of Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. &amp;Schult. : A Review

Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. &amp; Schult., known as ‘desert rose’ is a plant belonging to Apocynaceae family. It is cultivated in various tropical regions. The common usage of Adenium obesum is as an ornamental plant. However, this plant reported in previous research the biological activities and phytochemical constituents. Nevertheless, no paper discusses the ethnobotanical usage of it. The aim of this study is to summarize and discuss the ethnobotany usage of Adenium obesum by literature study. There are five ethnobotany purposes of Adenium obesum, i.e. ornamental plants, ecoprint source, religious ceremony, treating diseases, and toxic effect. The beauty of Adenium obesum is the flower and the roots which can be made into a bonsai. It is used for making motifs on fabrics with direct contact in ecoprint purposes. In religious ceremonies, Adenium obesum is used for offerings and pilgrimage ceremonies at the cemetery. Adenium obesum is approved to treat various diseases in humans and chickens. However, it also used a toxic effect on hunting. Various regions in different countries use this plant for different ethnobotanical usage. It concludes that Adenium obesum needed to be approved scientifically to obtain the beneficial effects and avoid the toxic effects of this plant to utilize it properly.

An Error Analysis Of Article System: A Case Of ESP Students

Analyzing errors is very important for ESP students because they can relate to their work, it also provides ESP students with corrections Errors in learning behavior. This research aimed to investigate the errors, the most prominent type, and the causes of errors in using English articles in academic writing. The Researcher examined the academic writing by the ESP students. The researchers use an analytical parameter developed based on Biber et al. (1999) to analyze article errors. The causes of errors were obtained through a questionnaire developed based on the categories proposed by Brown (2007). After analyzing the data, the Researcher found 30 errors in Addition, Omission, and substitution categories. The most prominent type of Error is omission error, with a frequency of 293 occurrences or 76%. The main type of omission error is an omission of the definite article "the" before nouns or noun phrases. In contrast, the major cause of errors is mother tongue influence, with an average mean of 4.17 in the questionnaire responses. This study's findings indicate the need for teaching strategies and materials to prevent common article usage errors.

Current state and future perspectives in the diagnosis of eyelid margin disease: clinical review.

The eyelid margin is vital to ocular surface integrity. Much peer-reviewed literature has been established in eyelid margin inflammation, better known as blepharitis. The purpose was to review and understand the impact of eyelid margin disease. Anterior blepharitis causes inflammation at the eyelash base, ciliary follicles, and the palpebral skin. Posterior blepharitis occurs when there is inflammation with the posterior eyelid margin disease. In common usage, the term "blepharitis" used alone almost always refers to anterior blepharitis. Classification of eyelid margin disease should be based on etiopathogenesis, location, primary vs secondary, and chronicity. Blepharitis has several etiopathologies (infectious, inflammatory, and squamous). Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) can refer to the functional and/or structural problems with the meibomian gland. Meibomitis (or meibomianitis) occurs when there is inflammation associated with the MGD. The presence of blepharitis and/or MGD (with or without inflammation) can affect the ocular surface and thereby affect anterior segment and cataract surgeries. This review article evaluates the differential diagnoses of eyelid margin disease, including various forms of blepharitis, MGD, and meibomitis.

Evaluation of environmental impact of small-scale oil palm cultivation in Ghana: A life cycle assessment of Juaben Municipal District

Abstract Palm oil has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its various uses in the food, cosmetics, and biofuel industries, resulting in a high global demand. In the 2021/22 marketing year, palm oil production reached approximately 73.8 million metric tons, up from 73 million in 2020/21. Palm oil yields more per area than other oil crops such as sunflower, soybean, and rapeseed. It is also economically feasible to grow in areas where other crops typically do not thrive, providing a source of income for many people. Palm oil cultivation has also contributed to economic growth, rural community development, and poverty reduction in disadvantaged regions, especially in Indonesia, Ghana, and Malaysia. The study’s findings indicate that Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) production significantly contributes to the global warming index. The study also shows that the eutrophication effect resulting from fertiliser usage was lower, with a total value of 1.8 kg PO4 equivalent, which is lower than the values reported in previous studies. This is attributed to the common usage of fertilisers in the study area due to financial constraints. An in-depth analysis of small-scale farmers’ local vegetable oil production was also studied, focusing on the challenges encountered during oil palm cultivation and processing.

Droperidol administration among emergency department patients with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting

Study objectiveThe primary objective of this study was to examine the common usage patterns of droperidol in the relatively unrestricted environment of an urban, academic medical center. We focused specifically on the most common use of droperidol in our department: patients with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting. MethodsFor this retrospective, observational, single-center study, we extracted records of all administrations of droperidol from August 2019 to August 2020. Patients with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, or any combination thereof, were included in data analysis. ResultsBetween April 2019 to August 2020, 830 discrete patient visits involving droperidol administration were identified, comprising 706 patients. The average age was 39 years old with a range of 15 to 80. Seven patients (0.08%) were younger than 18, and 35 (4%) were older than 65. Five hundred sixty-five patients (68%) were female. Droperidol doses ranged from 0.625 mg to 5 mg intravenous (IV), with a median dose of 0.625 mg (interquartile range 0.625–1.25 mg), with 590 patients (71%) receiving a dose of 0.625 mg. Only 19 patients (2.3%) had a documented adverse event. Seven had akathisia or restlessness, 7 had anxiety or agitation, 3 had dystonia or stiffness, 1 had fatigue, and 1 had dizziness. For the entire cohort, there were no cardiac dysrhythmias, syncope, seizures, other major adverse events, or fatalities recorded. ConclusionAt one institution, droperidol is being used commonly for the chief complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting. The preferred dosing is nearly universally below the 2.5 mg IV dose for which the FDA warning applies. Similar to previous studies, identification of adverse events was rare, and no major adverse outcomes such as dysrhythmia or death were identified.