Common Type Of Trauma Research Articles

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation uses in trauma: a retrospective analysis of the Japanese nationwide trauma registry.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide temporary circulatory support and vital organ oxygenation and is potentially useful as a bridge therapy in some trauma cases. We aimed to demonstrate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with trauma treated with veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO) using data from a Japanese nationwide trauma registry. This retrospective descriptive study analyzed data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank between January 2019 and December 2021. Patients with severe trauma (injury severity score [ISS] ≥ 9) and treated using V-A ECMO were assessed. Among the 72,439 patients with severe trauma, 51 received V-A ECMO. Sixteen patients (31.3%) survived until hospital discharge. On hospital arrival, six (37.5%) survivors and 15 (42.9%) non-survivors experienced cardiac arrest. The median ISS for the survivor and non-survivor group was 25 (range, 25-39) and 25 (range, 17-33), respectively. Thoracic trauma was the most common type of trauma in both groups. In the non-survivor group, open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, aortic cross-clamping, and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta were performed in 10 (28.6%), 5 (14.3%), and 4 (11.4%) patients, respectively. However, these procedures were not performed in the survivor group. Peripheral oxygen saturation tended to be lower in the survivor group both before and upon arrival at the hospital. The results of this study suggest the potential benefit of V-A ECMO in some challenging trauma cases. Further studies are warranted to assess the indications for V-A ECMO in patients with trauma.

Trauma History in a Medium-Secure Adult Male Forensic Mental Health Setting

Forensic services have shifted their focus to the importance of forensic practice becoming more trauma informed. Trauma exposure is pervasive in forensic mental health populations and has been found to negatively impact the course of severe mental illness (SMI) and increase risk of violence. This study aimed to explore the trauma histories of adult male inpatients in a medium-secure psychiatric hospital, and examine childhood and adulthood trauma as predictors of diagnoses, self-harm, suicidality, hospital re-admissions, substance use, and nature of offense. The case files of 85 male patients in a medium secure unit in the UK were reviewed. Eighty-seven percent of patients had a schizophrenia diagnosis and 86% had extensive trauma histories, the most common trauma type being physical violence in childhood (44.7%). One patient had a PTSD diagnosis. Logistic regressions demonstrated that cumulative childhood and adulthood trauma significantly increased the odds of self-harm. Cumulative childhood trauma exposure was found to decrease the likelihood of having a schizophrenia diagnosis. There is a serious under-recognition of the extent and consequences of trauma exposure; trauma histories are likely greater than the findings of this study and existing literature suggests. Implications for clinical practice, trauma-informed care (TiC), and future research are proposed.

Analysis of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury associated with skull base fracture: a local tertiary center experience

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical and social concern in developing countries. TBI-related morbidity and mortality statistics in Egypt are lacking and do not reflect the actual magnitude of the problem.ObjectivesTo overview the incidence of moderate and severe head trauma in a heavily populated developing country and document the outcome of moderate and severe TBI associated with skull base fracture (SBF).MethodologyData of patients admitted to our center with moderate and severe TBI associated with skull base fracture (SBF) were reviewed in the period between January 2019 and March 2023.ResultsThe most common type of trauma was road traffic accidents in 54.2% of the patients; 91.2% had Single SBF (middle cranial fossa fracture was predominant 58.5%). 25.5% had an initial GCS of ≤ 8. Periorbital ecchymosis was the most common presenting sign in 36.3%. The most frequent complication (37.3%) was pneumocephalus. The presence of skull base fracture inversely affected the Glasgow outcome scale extended GOSE (P = 0.001, r = 0.674). Higher initial GCS scores were positively correlated with good GOSE (GOSE) (P = 0.001, r =− 0.222).ConclusionsRTA represents a significant cause for moderate and severe TBI in young male population. SBF is associated with poor outcome in moderate and severe TBI. Higher initial GCS score was positively correlated with good GOSE. It is important to have an overview of different types of TBI in Egypt.

Epidemiology and first aid measures in pediatric burn patients in northern China during 2016-2020: A single-center retrospective study.

Burn and scald injuries are the fourth most common type of trauma. Pediatric burns account for a high proportion of the total number of burn patients and impose a high burden on public health. Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric burns can help improve science education and reduce the incidence of burn injuries. This study is a single-center retrospective study. One thousand five hundred and twenty-seven pediatric burn patients admitted to our burn center from January 2016 to December 2020 were included. Demographic and epidemiological data of included patients were extracted and analyzed. The correlations of categorical data were tested by the Chi-square tests, and differences of continuous data were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The results showed that children under 3 years of age were most susceptible to burn and scald injuries. Burn injuries were most likely to occur in the season of winter and at the place of home. 56.6% of included patients did receive first aid measures, while 1.8% received gold-standard first aid. Clinical variables related to the severity of injuries were statistically different between patients with and without cooling measures in first aid. Linear regression models showed that emergency treatment of burns in children and adolescents was associated with outcome indicators, including number of operations, total operation duration per total burn surface area (TBSA), cost per TBSA, and length of stay per TBSA. This study summarized the epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric burn patients admitted to a burn center in northern China. Adopting cooling measures in first aid can reduce the severity of injuries and reduce the burden on the medical system. Education on burn prevention and first aid measures to caregivers of children, especially preschool children, should be strengthened.

Epidemeiology of Burns in Peadiatric Patients in Pakistan: A Systemic Review

Burns are graded as the fourth most common trauma type globally followed by other traumas including accidents, interpersonal violence and falls. South Asian regions account for 187- 243 incidences of burns in adults per hundred thousand annually. Moreover, about 22.5% of all burns occur in children and youth. 42% of those in children between the ages of 5 to 16 years old. Whereas Pakistan lacks national data and cannot measure the burn burden annually. Due to the lack of clinical and epidemiological studies on burns in pediatrics patients in Pakistan, we performed this study. This systemic review study aimed at summarizing available Pakistan’s epidemiological data, based on national studies in the past 32 years. The data of our systemic review were collected from six search engines, i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, PakMediNet, Scopus, Springer and DOAJ. The studies which were reviewed for the article were from 1990 to 2022. The articles of nonhuman participants, duplication and lacking in primary focus were excluded. The PRISMA guidelines were used. A total of 11 articles were included out of which 4 are from Islamabad ICT, 2 from Sindh, 1 from Balochistan and 4 from Punjab. The overall gender ratio shows male dominance of 55.83 %. Scald burn were recorded at a higher percentage of 48.7%. The mean TBSA recorded in this research was 17%. The mean mortality rate of all the studies shows a percentage of 14.84%. More research studies are needed to be done in the areas lacking information about the victims of burn injuries so that policymakers know the actual figure of the injuries with whom they have to deal.

Occupational Injury and Factors Associated among Employees in Heineken Brewery Share Company, Harar Brewery Share Company, and Awash Wine Share Company, Ethiopia

Occupational injury is a serious global public health issue that causes morbidity, disability, and fatality at work. The food and beverage processing business has the most significant rate of occupational injuries, making it the most dangerous occupation among industrial industries. Various labor hazards have been reported to beverage workers. Against this background, the objective of the research was to assess the magnitude and predictors of occupational injury among employees in the beverage industry in Harar and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a beverage factory, with 675 respondents chosen randomly. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using Epi-Data statistical software and SPSS. Multiple logistic analysis, descriptive analysis, binary logistic, and crude logistic regression analysis were used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The occupational injury rate is 20.9%, with fingers and hands being the most common type of trauma. Sleeping difficulties, contract employment status, and technical field work are associated with injuries. 28-34-year-olds are 55% less likely, and one year of experience is 85% less likely. Challenges include inconsistent safety measures and a lack of organizational commitment, especially for contract workers. The prevalence of occupational injuries among beverage industry employees was high. Technical departments, contract employment, and the prevalence of sleeping problems were revealed to be risk factors for occupational injuries. At the same time, one year of experience and the age range of 28–34 were found to be protective. Among the study participants, difficulties such as poor use of personal protective equipment and a lack of a consistent supply of personal protective equipment were noticed. As a result, firms must increase occupational safety measures, such as providing and replenishing personal protective equipment, focusing on contract employees.

외상 후 스트레스(PTSD) 관련 음악치료 중재 연구 동향 분석

Objectives This study aims to understand the overall flow of past research by analyzing trends in music therapy intervention research related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in South Korea and to present data that will serve as a direction and basis for follow-up research.
 Methods Initially, it was found 176 studies published between January 2000 and December 2022. A total of 19 papers were finally selected after 8 rounds of literature purification process. This was sequentially classified into research information, characteristics of study participants, and music therapy intervention-related information.
 Results Among the final 19 studies, 8 were quantitative studies and 9 were qualitative studies. The number of papers published every five years was the highest from 2005 to 2009 and from 2015 to 2019, with 6 papers each. As for the number of research participants, 10 studies (52.63%) had less than 10 participants, and 3 papers (15.79%) had more than 50 participants. 119(28.81%) participants were aged between teens and 40s. The most common type of trauma experienced by participants was ‘repetitive trauma’, with 17 people (89.48%). Regarding music therapy intervention, the independent variable was ‘expressive music activity’, which was the most com-mon with 9 studies(47.37%), and the dependent variable was ‘composite’ variable with two or more areas estab-lished, which was the highest with 8 studies(42.11%). The type of intervention was ‘group’ in 10 cases (52.63%), and the number of sessions was 10 to 19 sessions, 8 cases (42.11%). The intervention time was 40 to 50 minutes in 4 cases (21.05%). Lastly, the location of music therapy intervention was often carried out in a ‘music practice room or music therapy room’. Except for four papers, treatment interventions were performed by professional music therapists.
 Conclusions This study provided a comprehensive perspective on the characteristics of music therapy for pa-tients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Injuries in the Pamporovo and Borovets ski areas during the 2019-2020 season

In Bulgaria, while a sub-regulation of the Tourism Law addresses the safety and security of ski slope users, insufficient attention is given to understanding the causes of accidents, gathering feedback, and implementing injury prevention strategies for snow sports. This study aims to analyze the types of accidents and injuries reported at the Borovetz and Pamporovo ski zones during the 2019/2020 season. Various factors were considered, including the time of injury occurrence, slope difficulty, type of injury, and type of ski or snowboard equipment used. Methods that were used were frequency analysis, document analysis, and comparative analysis. Injuries were categorized into four groups: head, torso, legs, and arms. The highest number of injuries involved the legs, followed by the arms. Knee injuries were the most common type of trauma on the slopes, followed by shoulder and lower leg injuries. Among all injuries, fractures were identified as the most severe, with lower leg and collarbone fractures being the most frequently reported. The peak occurrence of severe injuries was after 12:00 PM in both ski areas. This trend can be attributed to deteriorating slope conditions due to weather factors such as sun, wind, and positive temperatures, as well as increased slope usage by other snow sports enthusiasts.

Functional state of the endothelium in men after mine-explosive injury during the war in Ukraine

Mine-explosive trauma (MET) is the most common trauma type and one of the main disability causes of the able-bodied contingent. Among the mechanisms of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders development after MET, endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays an important role. The study aims - to assess the functional state of the microvessels and large arteries endothelium in men after a mine-explosive injury. Materials and methods: the functional state of the skin microvessels endothelium was determined using a two-channel laser Doppler flowmeter BLF-21D "Transonic Systems Inc" (USA) during the test with the creation of reactive hyperemia. The function of the large arteries endothelium was determined using the D.S. Celermajer test, with post-occlusion reactive hyperemia according to the generally accepted method on the Nemio XG device, SSA-580A (Toshiba) with a high-frequency linear sensor with a central frequency of 7 MHz. We examined men with mild MET (average age 37.7 ± 1.5 years). The control group was represented by 43 practically healthy men without MET (average age 41.8 ± 2.1 years). Results: dysfunction of the microvessels endothelium was found in most persons with MET (69.1%), compared to men without MET (41.9%). Dysfunction of the large vessels endothelium was found in 40.4% of examined persons with MET. Persons with MET have a combination of large and small vessel endothelial dysfunction in 23.4% of cases, at the same time persons without MET have a higher proportion of isolated microvessel endothelial dysfunction (34.9%). Conclusions: men with MET often have arterial endothelial dysfunction with microvascular endothelial dysfunction together, whereas men without MET have predominantly isolated microvascular endothelial dysfunction. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: mine-explosive injury; functional state of the endothelium; microcirculation.

Prevalence of dental trauma in permanent anterior teeth in 6-12-year-old children in school going children of East Delhi

Background: Traumatic dental injury affects many children and adolescents, and it considered a challenging public health problem. Injuries involving permanent teeth are one of the most common types of trauma to the maxillofacial area. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies greatly, and it ranges from 4% to 58% Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried among 700 school children aged 6 and 12 years in East Delhi. A list of primary and secondary schools of East Delhi area was obtained. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select the study population. The children aged 6-12 years with signed consent and in whom permanent anteriors had erupted were included in the study. The oral examination was conducted by a single calibrated examiner using WHO oral health assessment Performa 2013. Results: Overall prevalence was 7.71%. Dental trauma was 1.90%, 10.27% and 10.12% respectively in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. Female reported with 7.57 % and males with 10.81% (p=0.001). Maxillary Central incisors were found to be the most frequent teeth to be injured. Conclusions: Parents may lack information regarding the consequences of dental trauma and don't report for dental consultation. Along with seeking dental care, patient must be educated about the use of protective mouth guards while playing contact sports which may help to reduce the incidence and severity of dental injuries.

Epidemiological Profile of Victim Patients of Facial Canine and Human Bites in a Public Hospital.

Bites are among the most common types of trauma to which humans are exposed. The possibility of disfiguring lesions and the transmission of infectious diseases with high morbidity make this trauma a public health problem. This was a retrospective, descriptive study that analyzed the medical records of patients treated at the Emergency Unit of the Plastic Surgery Service of the Asa Norte Regional Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. The variables analyzed included age, sex, origin, time interval from aggression to hospital care, aggressor agent, wound site, lesion characteristics, and treatment. A total of 103 patients with a mean age of 25 years were evaluated. Most patients were male (57.3%), and 73.8% were from the Federal District. The most common type of treatment was direct suturing in 77.7% of cases, followed by local flaps (15.5%) or grafts (4.9%). There were no deaths or infections reported. The predominant profile of a facial bite victim is a young male adult living in the Federal District, bitten by a canine and treated with direct sutures. Adequate treatment for animal bites should include prevention of infection, such as rabies and tetanus, as well as primary wound closure for achieving a better prognosis and satisfactory esthetics for the patient.

The profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence treated in a hospital emergency room.

This study evaluated records of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence (IPV) being treated in the emergency room of a level I trauma center hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Data of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to IPV recorded between January 2019 and December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Personal data, days on which they experienced IPV, and the type of maxillofacial trauma sustained were extracted and statistically analyzed (p < .050). During the analysis, 1034 patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified; of these patients, 292 (28.2%) who experienced trauma due to IPV were included in this study. There was a mean age of 32.6 years and the most common type of trauma was soft tissue injuries (38.7%). Mandible and nose fractures were more prevalent in males and females, respectively. Our data, when compared with other studies on maxillofacial trauma due to IPV, showed a lower prevalence and male-to-female ratio, and a higher presence of dentoalveolar trauma. Additionally, our data when compared with studies on maxillofacial trauma due to other causes showed lower mean age and male-to-female ratios, and a higher occurrence of nose fractures differing from the predominance of mandibular fractures. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be able to suspect and identify cases due to IPV among their patients with trauma. With our results, although each case has its individuality, we can suggest that cases of maxillofacial trauma in young, female, and nasal fracture patients may be suspicious for IPV.

Analysis of the Home Accidents and Their Risk Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Home accident is among the most common type of trauma, in the second place after traffic accident. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents in Iran. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national Persian databases including SID, MagIran, and Medical Articles Bank were searched for articles published until September 12, 2021. The pooled prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents were calculated. Twenty articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of home accident was 44% (95%CI: 32% to 56%). The pooled prevalence of foreign object/fall, stab or cut, suffocation, burn, poisoning and were 15% (95%CI: 10% to 20%), 24% (95%CI: 10% to 38%), 1% (95%CI:0.7% to 1.3%), 31% (95%CI:19% to 42.2%), and 6.8% (95%CI:4.2% to 429.4%), respectively. The prevalence of home accidents in Iran is moderate but higher than in other countries. The findings of this review highlight the need for more attention to home accident in children and elderly in the South and Southeast regions of Iran.

SMOOTH protocol: A pilot randomised prospective intra-patient single-blinded observational study for examining the mechanistic basis of ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy in treating hypertrophic scarring.

Burn injuries are the fourth most common type of trauma and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The impact of burn injury is clinically significant as burn injuries often give rise to exuberant scarring. Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is a particular concern as up to 70% of burns patients develop HTS. Laser therapy is used for treating HTS and has shown positive clinical outcomes, although the mechanisms remain unclear limiting approaches to improve its effectiveness. Emerging evidence has shown that fibroblasts and senescent cells are important modifiers of scarring. This study aims to investigate the cellular kinetics in HTS after laser therapy, with a focus on the association of scar reduction with the presence of senescent cells. We will conduct a multicentre, intra-patient, single-blinded, randomised controlled longitudinal pilot study with parallel assignments to achieve this objective. 60 participants will be recruited to receive 3 interventional ablative fractional CO2 laser treatments over a 12-month period. Each participant will have two scars randomly allocated to receive either laser treatment or standard care. Biopsies will be obtained from laser-treated, scarred-no treatment and non-scarred tissues for immune-histological staining to investigate the longitudinal kinetics of p16INK4A+-senescent cells and fibroblast subpopulations (CD90+/Thy1+ and αSMA+). Combined subjective scar assessments including Modified Vancouver Scar Scale, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile; and objective assessment tools including 3D-Vectra-H1 photography, DermaScan® Cortex, Cutometer® and ColoriMeter®DSMIII will be used to evaluate clinical outcomes. These will then be used to investigate the association between senescent cells and scar reduction after laser therapy. This study will also collect blood samples to explore the systemic biomarkers associated with the response to laser therapy. This study will provide an improved understanding of mechanisms potentially mediating scar reduction with laser treatment, which will enable better designs of laser treatment regimens for those living with HTS. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04736251.

아동기 외상 경험에 관한 국내 연구 동향

Objectives This study was conducted to examine research trends on childhood trauma experiences in Korea and derive implications for the area of childhood trauma experiences.&#x0D; Methods A total of 85 papers on childhood trauma-related topics were analyzed among the papers in KCI-registered academic journals published for six years, from 2016 to 2021. The research progress was conducted in the order of setting data selection criteria, data collection, setting analysis criteria, and data analysis. The analysis criteria consisted of four areas and seven categories, and after producing a coding manual, individual coding was conducted for each study, and descriptive statistics analysis was conducted.&#x0D; Results First, looking at the publication status of papers by academic journal by year, more than 14 papers were steadily published every year from 2016 to 2021. By academic journal, the parers from Korean Psychological Association were the most with 17, followed by The Journal of Humanities and Social Science with 6 and Korea Journal of Counseling with 4 in order. Second, as a result of the analysis by study subject, 76.5% of studies on mixed gender were the most common, and studies on adults accounted for 44.7%, in the classification of developmental stages. Third, in the analysis by type of research method, quantitative research was the most common at 84.7%, and in the data analysis method of quantitative analysis, correlation analysis was the highest at 29.8%. Fourth, as a result of the analysis of the study content, emotional abuse was the most common type of trauma at 30.0%. As for the type of aftereffects according to the type of trauma, depression was the highest at 13.9%, followed by interpersonal problems at 11.0%.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on these results, implications of research on childhood trauma experiences in Korea and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

Traumatic Perforation – Etiology, Outcome and Factors Affecting the Outcome

INTRODUCTION&#x0D; Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation is the most common type of trauma – induced otologic dysfunction. The study is aimed to evaluate factors affecting healing of truamatic tympanic membrane perforation after 12 weeks.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS&#x0D; A prospective observational study conducted at UCMS, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Sixty patients with traumatic tympanic membrane perforation were evaluated on the basis of causes of trauma, symptoms, otoscopic examination, size of perforation and other factors affecting the outcome of perforation. Healing status of tympanic membrane was assessed 12-week post injury.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; The age of the patients ranged from 4-79 years with mean age (years) of 27.84 ± 13.16. Otalgia was seen in 36 (60%) followed by hearing loss 21 (35%) and least common was vertigo 2 (3%). Most common etiology for injury was ‘Slap’(30%) followed by fall injury and physical assault excluding slap with each comprising 16%. Number of patients with small, medium and large perforations were 27 (45%), 21 (35%) and 12 (20%) respectively.&#x0D; &#x0D; After 12 weeks, 46 (77%) cases had healed perforation with best healing seen in younger patients having age group 11-40 years (26.28±13.5) and least in age group &gt;60 years (52±25.11 ) with p value of 0.01. 97% cases of smaller perforation had healed tympanic membrane whereas in larger perforation healing was observed in only 42 % cases.&#x0D; CONCLUSION&#x0D; Age, size of perforation, types of traumas have significant effect on outcomes of spontaneous healing. With cautious care and&#x0D; strong aural precautions, the prognosis of tympanic membrane perforation spontaneous healing is favourable.&#x0D;

The effect of giving extract of Giwang ferns (Euphorbia milii) cactus leaves on the number of fibroblast white rats burn infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Burns is one of society's most common types of trauma. It is estimated that around 1.2 million people experience burns each year and 100,000 of them require hospitalization. The giwang fern cactus leaf (Euphorbia milii) extract contains many antimicrobial compounds in almost all plant parts. This study determined the effect of giwang fern cactus leaf extract (Euphorbia milii) on the number of fibroblasts in burnt white rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: This experimental study uses a randomized post-test research design with a control group using three groups of rats. The data results were analyzed statistically using a parametric test with Anova (One Way Anova). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Results: This study showed that the 50% giwang fern cactus leaf (Euphorbia milli) extract had the highest average number of fibroblasts (38.3±8.77), compared with the control (23.3±1.86) and P1 group (25%) (27.6±6.65). Based on the analysis test, it is known that there is a significant comparison between groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the number of fibroblast cells among groups after providing giwang fern cactus leaf (Euphorbia milii) extract.

Considerations and complexities of accurate PTSD assessment among transgender and gender diverse adults.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults is complex because the literature offers little guidance on affirming assessment that accurately captures both trauma- and discrimination-related distress. This study aimed to characterize threats to precise PTSD assessment that arose during the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (CAPS-5). Our sample (N = 44) included trans women (38%), trans men (25%), nonbinary people (23%), and other TGD identities (14%). Participants were mostly White (75%), non-Latinx (82%), educated (91% at least some college), with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 15.5). Demographic and CAPS-5 scoring data as well as content analysis of audio-recorded CAPS-5 interviews are reported. All participants reported trauma exposure, and nearly half met PTSD diagnostic criteria (49%). Interpersonal assault was a common trauma type linked to posttraumatic symptoms (77%); 41% were sexual assaults; and 41% were discrimination-based (e.g., linked to gender identity) physical or sexual assaults. Qualitative findings suggest how and when discrimination-related experiences may threaten PTSD assessment accuracy, leading to overpathologizing or underdetection of symptoms, for example, (a) initial selection of a noncriterion A discrimination event as "worst event," (b) linking symptoms to internalized transphobia (rather than trauma), and (c) linking victimization to gender identity/expression. Threats to PTSD assessment were more common when symptoms were linked to discrimination-based traumatic events, suggesting the importance of understanding contextual factors of index events. We offer a framework for understanding unique challenges to the assessment of PTSD among TGD people and provide recommendations for improving assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A retrospective study of emergent traumatic dental injuries in permanent teeth in Xi’an, China

Traumatic dental injury is one of the common injuries seen in the emergency department. To determine the distribution features of emergency traumatic dental injuries in Xi'an, China, data from the medical records of 623 patients (aged 6-78 years) were evaluated and analyzed according to age, gender, etiology, factors predisposing teeth to injury, and types of teeth traumatized. The patient records of 397 males (63.7%) and 226 females (36.3%), with a 1.8:1 male-to-female ratio, were included. The total number of traumatized teeth was 1475. The highest frequency of dental trauma was found in the 19- to 30-year age group (30.7%). The greatest frequency of dental trauma injuries was in May (13%). Over one-third of patients with traumatic injuries to permanent teeth (n = 218, 35%) injured 2 permanent teeth. The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (59.3%). The most common type of trauma was concussion (20.4%). There was statistically significant difference among the type composition ratio of age groups (P < .05). The most common causes of dental trauma were falls (50.2%). There was statistically significant difference among the etiological composition ratio of age groups (P < .05). Combined injuries were present in 120 teeth in 103 patients (16.5%). The epidemiological characteristics of dental trauma in Xi'an shows that the occurrence of dental trauma is closely related to the age, sex, time, type of injury, and cause of injury. There exists cross-correlation among the epidemiological factors. The most common type of trauma is concussion and the most common cause of dental trauma is fall. High incidence of combined injuries needs extra attention.

Pediatrik Maksillofasiyal Travma: 2015-2020 Yılları Arasında Epidemiyolojik Çalışma

Maxillofacial trauma is the most common type of trauma and is an important cause of high morbidity and mortality. Emotional traumas occur in children due to sequelae caused by injuries and the rest of their lives are negatively affected. The aim of this study is to investigate the etiology, epidemiology, and injury type of pediatric maxillofacial traumas, and to make recommendations to prevent child injuries. This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in a regional tertiary hospital. The medical records of all maxillofacial trauma-related admissions to the emergency department between January 2015 and February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Etiology of trauma, demographic characteristics, type of trauma, accident type, injury site, administered treatments, and mortality were recorded. 1029 patients aged 4 months-18 years (mean 77.67±59.21 months) including 288 females (28%) and 741 males (72%) were included in the study. Most of the patients (n=390, 37.9%) were in the 13-18 age group. The vast majority of the study population lived in the urban area (n=753, %73.2). Most injuries were seen in the summer (n=438, %42.6). After head+cervical injuries, upper extremity injuries (n=171, %16.6) were the most common and thoracic injuries (n=69, %6.7) least. 57 (5.5%) patients were required hospitalization and the mortality rate was 1.2% (n=12). Pediatric maxillofacial traumas occur mostly in the male gender, in summer, in urban areas, and due to motorcycle accidents. In order to reduce child maxillofacial traumas, public awareness should be increased and playgrounds suitable for all age groups should be created.