Common Fabrics Research Articles

Discover Use Linen Back Baby Carriers in Ancient Egypt

Egyptological Research of the hieroglyphics of Linen back baby carriers specifically used in ancient Egypt, there is a depiction from a tomb dating back to 1500 B.C. that shows women carrying children in what appears to be white fabric carriers on their backs. Objectives of This article present a thought-provoking perspective on a possible link between ancient Egyptian design and ergonomics. Remember that this is an ongoing field of research, and new discoveries or interpretations may challenge or refine the presented ideas. Always strive to critically evaluate sources and consider alternative perspectives when exploring historical topics. Egyptians were resourceful people and linen was one of their most common textiles. And It's highly they used linen for a variety of purposes, including carrying children. However, since most Egyptians were farmers and laborers, they used simpler methods for carrying their children, such as slings made from scraps of fabrics. The Pharaohs of Egypt innovate the science of ergonomics and the design of infant carriers the value of our pictures for the earliest history of art. Definitive proof of photos ancient Egypt, the explicit evidence does of back baby carriers being used in ancient Egypt, even within the royal household. Considering the cultural context, practical advantages, and potential adaptations for royalty, further research holds promise in unlocking this fascinating aspect of childcare in a bygone era. This article is intended for research informational purposes and should be depended of research professional ergonomics medical advice. And this research paper is a starting point and can be further expanded upon by including specific citations, additional research findings, and personalized discussions based on your specific interests and areas of focus.

Molecular‐Engineered Wool for Sustainable All‐Weather Radiative Cooling Textiles

AbstractPersonal thermal regulation through passive radiative cooling is an effective strategy to achieve sustainable development. Although recent advances have introduced various cooling textile designs, the extensive use of materials unsuitable for common textiles, alongside coating or compositing technologies, not only compromises the wearability and safety of these textiles but also impacts green sustainability. Herein, it is shown that wool is a promising natural material for transferring mid‐infrared human body radiation, but the high absorption in the solar spectrum prohibits wool from achieving satisfactory daytime radiative cooling. Thus the natural wool impregnates zinc ions into the protein chains to form a zinc‐ion woolen (wool‐Zn) fabric. The wool‐Zn fabric can provide humans with a cooling sensation both indoors and daytime outdoors, showing a temperature reduction of 2 °C on human skin indoors and a reduction of 7 °C on artificial skin under direct sunlight, respectively, when covered by wool‐Zn fabrics compared to when covered with cotton. Moreover, the wool‐Zn fabric shows desirable antibacterial properties and durability against washing and abrasion, while maintaining desirable wearability. As a result, the wool‐Zn fabric shows great potential for commercial application in personal thermoregulation and provides an effective avenue toward sustainable energy and environment.

A Comparison of Enhancement and Visualization Techniques of Friction Ridge Bloodstain Patterns on Various Textiles

This study investigates the feasibility of observing identifiable friction ridge patterns within a blood medium on common clothing textiles

Fiber‐Shaped Batteries Towards High Performance and Perspectives of Corresponding Integrated Battery Textiles

AbstractRecently, due to its flexibility and ease of integration into wearable electronics, interest in fiber‐shaped batteries (FSBs) is burgeoning. While there is much research focused on improving the electrochemical performance of FSBs, little work is done to evaluate the safety and comfort of integrated FSBs for wearable electronics, which will significantly hinder the further development of high‐performance FSBs and their commercialization. In this review, the design, integration, and evaluation of FSBs incorporated in common textiles are fully discussed. Traditional textile characterization techniques and modern methods to evaluate its durability are also summarized. Finally, in view of developing commercial wearable battery textiles, a perspective toward improving the design of high‐performance FSB is presented.

Thermally stable piezoelectric fiber based on perfluoroalkoxy alkane piezoelectret with a lotus root structure

Advanced functional fibers, which can endow common textiles with specific functionalities by traditional weaving processes without losing their basic features, including flexibility, breathability, and wash ability, are desired in flexible and wearable devices. However, the performance of piezoelectric wire sensors in previous studies has been unsatisfactory, especially in harsh environments. This article reports a thermally stable thin piezoelectric fiber with a lotus root structure, consisting of a core electrode, a perfluoroalkoxy alkane piezoelectret layer, a ground/shield electrode, and an outer jacket. The specific structure together with a small diameter of 0.4 mm makes such fiber sensors very flexible and suitable to be woven into clothing or integrated into thin substrates. The piezoelectric sensitivity of the fibers, up to 1.50 pC/N at 0.25 MPa, is achieved and very stable in a broad operating temperature ranging from −79 to 150 °C, showing a promising application prospect in extreme environments. The fabrics and socks woven with such fibers can detect various motions, demonstrating their practicability in smart clothing for ordinary applications such as rehabilitation and gait analysis and special purposes such as functional clothing for astronauts and firefighters who may expose to very low- or high-temperature environments.

Clay Nanotube Coating on Cotton Fibers for Enhanced Flame‐Retardancy and Antibacterial Properties

AbstractCotton and its blends are among the most common textiles used. Although cotton is a highly flammable material, its flammability may be reduced with a retardant coating. We developed an architectural build of organic/inorganic coating with layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of the cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) and anionic halloysite clay nanotubes (HNT) on raw cotton. The biocompatible SiO2/Al2O3 HNTs have a 50‐nm diameter hollow structure that can carry chemicals and ensures safe interactions of treated textiles with living organisms. The treated cotton was characterized using TGA, SEM, TEM, and IR spectroscopy for optimization of the finishing process. The nanoclay‐coated cotton was burned to determine the extent of fire protection and resulted in the flame self‐extinguishing. Adding only two bilayers of PEI/HNT coating, which accounted for ca 7 wt.% of the tissue, was shown to give an optimal level of flame retardancy to the processed cotton; further nanoclay layering increased flame retardancy at a diminishing rate and may not be necessary in industrial processes. These clay nanotubes were also loaded with color‐enhancing dyes, antimicrobial chloramphenicol or silver, providing architectural coatings with complex functionality. This proposed green technology combines natural cotton fibers, and abundantly available halloysite clay in this new nanocomposite textile product.

Exploring the Quotidian: An Analysis of Plain-Weave Textiles at Cerro de Oro, Peru, during the Sixth to Tenth Centuries

AbstractAndean prehispanic textiles are renown for being complex masterpieces made with labor-intensive techniques and high-quality raw materials. Nevertheless, the vast majority of textiles, those used by the population at large, were plain, simple, and without any decoration. We study a sample composed of the most common textiles used by people living at Cerro de Oro in the Cañete Valley, Peru. Our analysis focuses on fiber selection, yarn thickness, and the presence of errors throughout the process of weaving. We discuss relevant aspects of the social process of textile production, such as the role played by plain-weave textiles in different contexts, their use in different types of garments, and the varied ways community members, with particular skill levels, participated in clothing the living and the dead at Cerro de Oro.

Emergency heater based on gas-fired catalytic combustion infrared technology: Structure, evaluation and thermal response

Deaths caused by extreme cold occur frequently, emergency heating needs to be greatly enhanced. In present work, a porous media catalytic combustion emergency heater was designed with a self-developed 1% Pt/Al2O3·SiO2 catalyst. Some evaluation indicators of the natural diffusion heater (including thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency, ignition temperature, cold start performance, combustion plate temperature uniformity, and infrared wavelength distribution) were established experimentally. According to the results, the catalyst possesses high activity (T50 = 397.2 °C and T90 = 463.2 °C) and nanoscale loading uniformity. Controlling the gas flow rate at 1 L/min can achieve the 21.56% thermal efficiency and 99.90% combustion efficiency. The heater can be preheated successfully at 120 °C and its cold start limitation is −30 °C. The infrared energy peak wavelength range (3–10 μm) is matched to the absorption ranges of the human skin and common textiles. Besides, real-person heating was tested in the apparent temperature (AT) region of −14.8–12.4 °C. Subjects' skin temperatures, subjective thermal sensations, and optimization suggestions were collected, and the relationship between mean skin temperature and AT was modeled, which revealed the efficient heating capacity. Therefore, this paper opens up great prospects for practical emergency heating and evaluation method for alleviating the cold-stricken heating problems.

In-situ compatibilized starch/polyacylonitrile composite fiber fabricated via dry-wet spinning technique

An in-situ compatibilized starch (St) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite spinning solution was designed by preparing starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) through graft copolymerizing acrylonitrile from soluble starch and using ammonium cerium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. As dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent, St/St-g-PAN/PAN/DMSO spinning solution was prepared and St/St-g-PAN/PAN composite fibers were obtained by dry-wet spinning technique. The effects of air gap, coagulation bath, hot drawing and stretching, and thermal-setting process were studied in detail. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the copolymer and the fibers. Single fiber strength tester and sonic orientation instrument were performed to measure the fiber mechanical properties and orientation degrees. The results showed that as the grafting ratio ~150.0% and the reacting mixture containing St ~9.8%, St-g-PAN ~81.6%, and homo-PAN ~8.6% in DMSO solution with 6.0 wt% in concentration were used, the spinning parameters such as air gap ~35 mm, coagulation bath concentration ~70%, temperature ~25 °C, and positive stretching ~48%, hot drawing and stretching 6 times at 80 °C, thermal-setting at 90 °C for 3 h under constant length mode were met, composite fibers with breaking strength 3.41 cN·dtex−1, breaking elongation 14.41%, sonic orientation factor 0.625, moisture recovery ratio 10.53% under standard condition (1 atm, 22 °C, and relative humidity 65%), and boiling water shrinkage ratio 9.60% were obtained. The as prepared composite fiber was better than common viscose fiber 2.11 cN·dtex−1 and cotton fiber ~3.24 cN·dtex−1 and expected to be used in the fields of medical gauze, bandage, protective clothing, et al. besides of common textiles. The in-situ compatibilization method can be applied in preparation of other composite polymer materials.

Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Treatment to Enhance Mechanical Performance of Common and Technical Textiles

Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Treatment to Enhance Mechanical Performance of Common and Technical Textiles

Silane Modified Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Mediated Hygienic Uniform Fabrics

This study aims to develop uniform fabrics for different industrial environments. The study also saw the types and effects of microbes as well as chemicals used to protect the uniform fabrics against their attack under the environment of different corporate industries. This work reports the influence of Alkoxy alkylsilyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride on anti-bacterial properties of cotton (C), polyester/cotton (P/C) and polyester/viscose (P/V) blended fabric samples. Fabric samples were treated with silane modified dimethyl octadecyl quaternary ammonium chloride compound by the pad-dry-cure method. The influence of this treatment on treated fabrics in terms of antimicrobial activity was measured as per AATCC 100 quantitative method. Improvement in the anti-bacterial activity was observed for all the fabric samples but the improvement in cotton fabric is worth mentioning. This work is a sincere attempt to prepare hygienic common textiles at economical rates using continuous application technique which offers durable efficacy against the human pathogenic bacterium.

Rational design and evaluation of UV curable nano-silver ink applied in highly conductive textile-based electrodes and flexible silver-zinc batteries

• A novel UV curable nano-silver ink with low-temperature and short-time curing features was developed for the application of high-performance e-textiles. • By investigating the influence of ink composition, it can provide a guideline to the ink formulation design and understand the mechanism of printing defect formation. • The electrical conductivity of textile-based electrode was achieved as high as 2.47 × 106 S/m when the nano-silver content of conductive ink was 60 wt%. • The textile-based electrode showed outstanding mechanical durability and could maintain resistance stability within 10 washing and drying cycles. • The application potential of conductive ink in fabricating e-textiles was confirmed by using the textile-based electrode as the cathode of silver-zinc battery. The possibility of printing conductive ink on textiles is progressively researched due to its potential benefits in manufacturing functional wearable electronics and improving wearing comfort. However, few studies have reported the effect of conductive ink formulation on electrodes directly screen-printed on flexible substrates, especially printing UV curable conductive ink on common textiles. In this work, a novel UV curable nano-silver ink with short-time curing and low temperature features was developed to manufacture the fully flexible and washable textile-based electrodes by screen printing. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ink formulation on UV-curing speed, degree of conversion, morphology and electrical properties of printed electrodes. Besides, the application demonstration was highlighted. The curing speed and adhesion of ink was found depending dominantly on the type of prepolymer and the functionality of monomer, and the type of photoinitiator had a decisive effect on the curing speed, degree of double bond conversion and morphology of printed patterns. The nano-silver content is key to guarantee the suitable screen-printability of conductive ink and therefore the uniformity and high conductivity of textile-based electrodes. Optimally, an ink formulation with 60 wt% nano-silver meets the potential application requirements. The electrode with 1.0 mm width showed significantly high electrical conductivity of 2.47 × 10 6 S/m, outstanding mechanical durability and satisfactory washability. The high-performance of electrodes screen-printed on different fabrics proved the feasibility and utility of UV curable nano-silver ink. In addition, the application potential of the conductive ink in fabricating electronic textiles (e-textiles) was confirmed by using the textile-based electrodes as the cathodes of silver-zinc batteries. We anticipate the developed UV curable conductive ink for screen-printing on textiles can provide a novel design opportunity for flexible and wearable e-textile applications.

Cool textile

Personal thermal management with textiles can save energy in buildings and mitigate thermal stress. In a recent issue of Science, Zeng et al. developed a metafabric that can emit mid-infrared to the sky while reflecting the sunlight, resulting temperatures 5°C to 10°C cooler than those in common textiles. Personal thermal management with textiles can save energy in buildings and mitigate thermal stress. In a recent issue of Science, Zeng et al. developed a metafabric that can emit mid-infrared to the sky while reflecting the sunlight, resulting temperatures 5°C to 10°C cooler than those in common textiles.

Ramifications of integrating copper nano on the flow properties of common textiles

ABSTRACT The demand for fabric comfort in common textiles is increasing and is closely associated with transmission properties. In this study, three common cloths namely 100% cotton, polyester-cotton blended (50% each), and 100% polyester were treated with copper nanomaterial and its influence on air, water, electrical resistance, and ultraviolet (UV) transmittance properties was studied. Cotton fabrics showed improvement (by 18%) in air permeability and moisture transmission. The UV transmission was restricted between 300 and 400 nm for all fabric samples. The surface electrical conductivity of treated polyester fabrics was 40.38 Ω−1 m−1 × 10−9. The changes in transmission properties post-treatment can mainly be attributed to changes in fabric porosity, packing fraction, thickness, and cover factor. The cotton fabric showed a decrease in the cover factor; justifying results that showed improvement in its liquid moisture and air permeability. The polyester fabrics were unaffected, whilst the blended fabrics were intermediate of the two.

Percutaneous absorption of chemicals from fabric (textile)

Percutaneous penetration of chemicals from clothing can result in both acute and chronic toxicities. Although personal protective equipment composed of nonwoven material can provide thorough protection, it is often uncomfortable under normal occupational conditions. Certain everyday textiles are often utilized as protective clothing due to their cost, comfort, and convenience. Although common textiles may cover most skin, certain regions remain exposed by such outfits. The body areas covered by the fabric are at risk for fabric permeation and percutaneous penetration of chemical, either immediately or over time, dependent on the fabric composition and the characteristics of the chemical used. in vitro and in vivo publications studied percutaneous penetration of chemicals from contaminated fabric and show that everyday textiles are superior to bare skin. The increased protection offered can be attributed to properties of the fabric such as weave, thickness, fabric finish, absorbency, and the overall barrier provided. Although common textiles do offer some protection, they remain inferior to nonwoven personal protective equipment. Much remains unknown regarding percutaneous penetration and protection offered by everyday textiles.

Self‐powered Biosensor Big Data Intelligent Information Processing System for Real‐time Motion Monitoring

A portable self‐powered biosensor big data information processing system has been designed to help coaches monitor athlete training performance in real‐time. The material system is composed of tetrapod‐shaped ZnO nanowires and common textiles. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the device can convert weak shape variables into electrical signals, and the output piezoelectric signal obviously depends on the shape variable, the surrounding humidity and temperature. After attaching the device to the athlete, it can monitor the speed, frequency, angle of an athlete, and surrounding humidity and temperature in real‐time without external power supply. API data collected by information processing end, server behavior simulated by Web service, turns the host of integrated web services into a data server, shares to other terminals via LAN to implement the visual charts summary for data‐driven views, summarize and analyze charts. This multidisciplinary research can point out the new development direction of sport science and may promote the development of flexible self‐powered multifunctional nano‐systems.

Aerobic biodegradation in freshwater and marine environments of textile microfibers generated in clothes laundering: Effects of cellulose and polyester-based microfibers on the microbiome

The aerobic biodegradation of common textiles that shed microfibers during laundering was evaluated under the action of microbes found in the environment, such as lake and seawater, and activated sludge at a low concentration from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Under these conditions, the biodegradation potential was the same in all the experiments: Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) > Cotton > Rayon > Polyester/Cotton ≫ Polyester. Nevertheless, for cotton and rayon yarns, >70% biodegradation was achieved with activated sludge at low concentration and lake water, whereas in seawater, about 50% degradation was reached. Polyester did not appreciably degrade. The biodegradation results herein indicate potential not absolutes in nature. The bacterial diversity analyses in the different biodegradation inoculums show that there are distinct bacterial communities related to the assimilation and mineralization of complex carbohydrates that were promoted with the cellulosic MCC, cotton, and rayon samples different than the polyester sample.

Qualitative classification of waste textiles based on near infrared spectroscopy and the convolutional network

The recycling of waste textiles has become a growth point for the sustainable development of the textile and clothing industry. In addition, sorting is a key link in the follow-up recycling process. Since different fabrics are required to be processed by different technologies, manual sorting not only takes time and effort but also cannot achieve accurate and reliable classification. Based on the analysis of near infrared spectroscopy, the theory and methods of deep learning are used for the qualitative classification of waste textiles in order to complete the automatic fabric composition recognition in the sorting process. Firstly, a standard sample set is established by waveform clipping and normalization, and a Textile Recycling Net deep web suitable for near infrared spectroscopy is established. Then, a pixilated layer is used to facilitate the deep learning of features, and the multidimensional features of the spectrum are extracted by using the multi-layer convolutional and pooling layers. Finally, the softmax classifier is adopted to complete the qualitative classification. Experimental results show that the convolutional network classification method using normalized and pixelated near infrared spectroscopy can realize the automatic classification of several common textiles, such as cotton and polyester, and effectively improve the detection level and speed of fabric components.

Self-Powered Piezoelectric-Biosensing Textiles for the Physiological Monitoring and Time-Motion Analysis of Individual Sports.

Self-powered piezoelectric-biosensing textiles for the physiological monitoring and time-motion analysis of individual sports have been developed. The material system is composed of tetrapod-shaped ZnO nanowires on common textiles. The mechanism is based on the coupling of enzymatic reaction (LOx and lactate) and piezoelectric effect. After conformably attaching the device to the athlete, the device can monitor in real-time the moving speed, frequency, joint angle, and sweat lactate concentration of the athlete. The whole monitoring/analysis process is battery-free. The motor skills and physiological state of two athletes are investigated using the textiles, and different lactate threshold times and maximum lactate release capacities have been obtained. This technique can help them develop distinct training programs. This research is a new direction for the scientific monitoring of kinematics and may also stimulate the development of self-powered wearable sports-related systems.

Wearable E-Textile Technologies: A Review on Sensors, Actuators and Control Elements

Wearable e-textiles are able to perform electronic functions and are perceived as a way to add features into common wearable textiles, building competitive market advantages. The e-textile production has become not only a research effort but also an industrial production challenge. It is important to know how to use existing industrial processes or to develop new ones that are able to scale up production, ensuring the behavior and performance of prototypes. Despite the technical challenges, there are already some examples of wearable e-textiles where sensors, actuators, and production techniques were used to seamlessly embed electronic features into traditional wearable textiles, which allow for daily use without a bionic stigma.