Common Sports Injuries Research Articles

Analysis of sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

This study aimed to analyse sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research community consisted of 400 students of the third stage of the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Universities of Kirkuk and Tikrit for the academic year 2022-2023. The research sample included 80 students who were randomly selected. The researchers used an ad-hoc questionnaire as a means to collect the information and data. The statistical analyses were carried out with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. Considering the results of the study, the researchers concluded that the most common sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences are sprains and muscle contractions (muscle spasm). The injuries on the lower extremities (ankle, knee, thigh and leg) were the most frequent injuries compared to the injuries of the upper extremity (upper limbs, abdomen and shoulder).

Clinical Relevance and Function of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Superior and Inferior Fascicles: A Robotic Study

Background: Ankle lateral ligament sprains are common injuries in sports, and some may result in persistent ankle pain and a feeling of instability without clinical evidence of instability. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) has 2 distinct fascicles, and recent publications have suggested that injury isolated to the superior fascicle might be the cause of these chronic symptoms. This study aimed to identify the biomechanical properties conferred by the fascicles in stabilizing the ankle in order to understand potential clinical problems that may follow when the fascicles are injured. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of superior and inferior fascicles of the ATFL in restraining anteroposterior tibiotalar resistance, internal external tibial rotation resistance, and inversion eversion talar rotation resistance. It was hypothesized that an isolated injury of the ATFL superior fascicle would have a measurable effect on ankle stability and that the superior and inferior fascicles would restrain different motions of the ankle. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A robotic system with 6 degrees of freedom was used to test ankle instability in 10 cadavers. Serial sectioning following the most common injury pattern (from superior to inferior fascicles) was performed on the ATFL while the robot ensured reproducible movement through a physiological range of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Results: Sectioning of only the ATFL superior fascicle had a significant and measurable effect on ankle stability, resulting in increased internal rotation and anterior translation of the talus, especially in plantarflexion. Sectioning of the entire ATFL resulted in significantly decreased resistance in anterior translation, internal rotation, and inversion of the talus. Conclusion: Rupture of only the superior fascicle of the ATFL may lead to minor instability or microinstability of the ankle joint, without objective clinical findings of gross clinical laxity. Clinical Relevance: Some patients develop chronic symptoms after an ankle sprain without overt signs of instability. This may be explained by an isolated injury to the ATFL superior fascicle, and diagnosis may require careful clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging examination looking at the individual fascicles. It is possible that such patients may benefit from lateral ligament repair despite having no gross clinical instability.

Impacts of myosin heavy chain phenotypes on recovery of leg extension force after ACL-reconstructed knee

It is well known that myosin heavy chain (MyHC) phenotypes impact skeletal muscle function. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, a common sport injury, induces skeletal muscle atrophy around the injured knee. However, the interrelationship between MyHCs and the functional recovery of ACL reconstruction surgery (ACL-R) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between MyHC phenotypes and the functional recovery of leg extension force in patients with ACL-R. Under a clinical setting, 27 patients with ACL-R participated in this study. ACL-R in each patient was carried out using a semitendinous (ST) tendon autograft. During ACL-R, a small muscle sample was dissected from the ST tendon of each patient. MyHC phenotypes in the muscle sample were evaluated using SDS-PAGE. The leg extension force was evaluated 1 day before and then 3, 6, and 12 months after ACL-R. Based on the dominant (>40%) MyHC isoforms in the ST muscle, patients were classified into 4 groups as follows: Groups I, IIa, IId/x, and Even (E: all MyHC isoforms less than 40%). There is a positive correlation between the relative content of MyHC II (IIa + IId/x) and the leg extension force before ACL-R. Functional recovery of knee in subjects with ACL-R was facilitated in patients having the dominant MyHC IIa. This study suggests that the analysis of MyHC phenotypes in ST muscle dissected during ACL-R is a clinically useful index for the functional assessment of the knee in subjects with ACL injury.

Genetic Determinants of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Sport: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review.

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLIs) are one of the most common knee injuries in sports. Although numerous factors have been related to the risk of ACLIs, it is still unclear why some individuals are more susceptible than others due to the intricate etiology of ACLIs. Several genetic factors have been identified as contributing to ACLIs. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence regarding the genetic causes of ACLIs based on the available literature. Five electronic databases were searched from 2017 to 2022. All titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed in detail to determine the inclusions and exclusions. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The studies' characteristics and results are presented in both narrative and tabular formats. A total of 24 studies examined 31 genes and 62 variants associated with ACLIs in the global population. Ten studies investigated seven collagens and ten SNPs for the ACL injury. The majority of studies found no significant difference in the association of the COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, VEGFA rs1570360, IL6R rs2228145, IL6 rs1800795, IL1B rs16944 and rs1143627, however, contrary results were found when nationality and gender were considered together. Conflicting evidence was found for polymorphisms rs2010963, rs699947 of the VEGFA gene in different studies. Due to a lack of data, it was impossible to determine the relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) and the other polymorphisms. More research is required to establish a clear relationship between the ACLR and genetic variants, particularly when gender and nationality are taken into account separately.

Common Sports Injuries of Track and Field Athletes Using Cloud Computing and Internet of Things

Cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), are popular technologies on the Internet. They can connect everything with the Internet and have a huge role in promoting social development. This paper aimed to conduct an in-depth study on the common sports injuries of track and field athletes by studying the related algorithms of cloud computing and the IoT, and selected the cluster analysis method, so that it can better serve the analysis of human movement. The problem studied in this paper is to find out how to improve the efficiency of clustering algorithms, especially the ability to process high-dimensional data. A motion algorithm system that is suitable for analyzing human sports injuries. This paper gave a general introduction to the cluster analysis algorithm in cloud computing and IoT, made a detailed analysis of the common sports injuries of track and field athletes, and applied the cluster analysis method to the analysis of human sports injuries. The basic principle is to use mathematical methods to quantitatively determine the relationship between samples based on their own attributes and certain similarity or difference indicators, and cluster the samples according to the degree of this relationship. The introduction of this method greatly enhances the efficiency of clustering algorithms, especially the ability to process high-dimensional data, which is suitable for analyzing human sports injuries. Based on the experiments in this paper, it can see that this paper took 70 track and field athletes from a high school as the research object, and conducted a more detailed analysis of the nature, location and causes of their common sports injuries. The computational and Internet of Things (IoT) based research method for common athletic injuries among track and field athletes proposed in this article is higher than the multi-level model method, with a speed of about 10% faster and an accuracy of 18% higher than the multi-level model method. The experimental results in this paper showed that using cloud computing and IoT as the basic methods to study common sports injuries of track and field athletes can obtain richer experimental data and make the analysis of results more scientific and credible, which has practical significance for the study of human sports injuries.

Return to sport after surgical repair of the Achilles tendon.

Achilles tendon rupture is among the most common sports injuries. In patients with high functional demands, surgical repair is preferred to facilitate early return to sporting function. This article reviews the literature and provides evidence-based guidance for return to sport after operative management of Achilles tendon rupture. A search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for all studies reporting on return to sport after operative management of Achilles tendon rupture. The review included 24 studies reporting on 947 patients, and found that 65-100% of patients were able to return to sport between 3 and 13.4 months post-injury, with incidence of rupture recurrence 0-5.74%. These findings will help patients and healthcare professionals plan a recovery timeline, discuss athletic functionality post-recovery, and understand complications of repair and risk of tendon re-rupture.

Return to Sport After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction: A Survey of The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common sports injury, and typically require a prolonged post-operative rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to survey members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) to determine their return to sport (RTS) criteria after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR). A 23-question, anonymous survey hosted through Google® Docs was distributed electronically to AOSSM members. This survey included questions regarding the timing, as well as any functional tests or other metrics used to determine when an athlete is ready to RTS. A total of 863 surgeons responded over four months. The most popular graft choice was bone patellar tendon bone autograft (63%). For non-pivoting sports, 43% of respondents allowed RTS at five to six months, while 31% allowed RTS at seven to eight months. For pivoting sports, 34% of respondents allowed RTS at seven to eight months, while 36% allowed RTS at nine to ten months. The most common criteria for return to non-pivoting sports include full knee motion (89%) and time after ACLR (76%). The most common criteria for return to pivoting sports include full knee motion (87%) and passing a hop test (80%). Only 21% of respondents assessed for psychological readiness to RTS. RTS occurred sooner in non-pivoting than pivoting sports, with similar RTS criteria in both groups. Most respondents did not assess for psychological readiness to RTS.

Serum microRNAs associated with concussion in football players.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mild TBI)/concussion is a common sports injury, especially common in football players. Repeated concussions are thought to lead to long-term brain damage including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). With the worldwide growing interest in studying sport-related concussion the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of neuronal injury has also became priority. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Due to their high stability in biological fluids, microRNAs can serve as biomarkers in a variety of diseases including pathologies of the nervous system. In this exploratory study, we have evaluated changes in the expression of selected serum miRNAs in collegiate football players obtained during a full practice and game season. We found a miRNA signature that can distinguish with good specificity and sensitivity players with concussions from non-concussed players. Furthermore, we found miRNAs associated with the acute phase (let-7c-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-431-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181d-5p, miR-487b-3p, miR-377-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-22-3p, and miR-126-5p) and those whose changes persist up to 4 months after concussion (miR-17-5p and miR-22-3p).

Imaging in Sports Medicine

Muscular, soft tissue, and bony injuries are common among athletes. Different imaging modalities can be used to assess these patients depending on the type of injury and the expert opinion. Multiple imaging modalities are used to diagnose, investigate, and decide an appropriate medical or surgical treatment. Among the modalities that are used, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound (US) are commonly used to illustrate soft tissue injuries. Radiographs are cheap and are commonly used. The British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification is a grading system used for muscle injuries and can be used to predict the time it takes for a player to return fully. Tendons and ligaments are graded from 1 to 3, and the Fredericson grading system is used to classify bony injuries. Many of the common sports injuries are graded using these grading systems. Good communication and collaboration among sports physicians, surgeons, and radiologists are essential to adequate injury management in athletes. Appropriate choice of imaging modalities, classification systems, and a knowledge of common sports injuries can facilitate this.

Ankle sprain and podoscopic footprint pattern in female volleyball players.

Ankle sprain (AS) is the most common sports injury that can be complicated by chronic joint instability. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between foot types and the ankle sprain events suffered during the sport career in female volleyball players. In this retrospective study, we randomly selected 98 female volleyball players competing in several divisions. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires in which the athlete noted data about volleyball practice, whether they had had ankle sprains and the number of these events. Plantar footprint was photographed by a plantoscope classifying each foot as normal, flat or cavus (196 feet). Of the 196 feet, 145 (74.0%) were normal, 8 (4.1%) were flat 43 and (21.9%) were cavus. Thirthy-five athletes reported at least one AS during volleyball practice. In total 65 sprain injuries were reported (35 to the right side and 30 to the left side). In 22 ankles (14 right, 8 left) sprain reinjure (AS >1) have been reported. A higher AS reinjury rate is correlated to the cavus footprint pattern (p = 0,005). Cavus foot associates to a higher risk of reinjury for ankle sprains in female volleyball players. Knowing the athletes which are more likely to sustain a reinjure may be helpful for the orthopedic surgeon to plan preventive strategies.

Physiotherapy management on sprain medial collateral ligament in sports injury: a literature study

Background: The risk of sports activities is injuries. There are two types of injury classification often experienced by athletes: acute trauma and overuse. The part of the body in sports that are quite common injuries due to body contact is the knee. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries were one of the most common knee injuries in sports. The role of physiotherapy in MCL injury conditions is to improve knee conditions in athletes, prevent re-current of injuries, help heal the athlete's condition after MCL injury with existing modalities and help restore the condition, which aims to make the athlete able to return to play in their sport.
 Methods: This study used library research which takes online and offline data sources to refer to books and scientific articles related to examination and physiotherapy intervention in the condition of MCL sprain injury.
 Results: Physiotherapists must carefully examine every symptom that appears by examining the basic function of motion, palpation, specific test with a valgus stress test, and functional evaluation in conditions of MCL sprain injury.
 Conclusions: In athletes, physiotherapy interventions must be graded, like reducing acute injury symptoms, exercising using tools, and reducing pain in the first phase; the second phase with increasing functional ability, flexibility, range of motion, and returning muscle strength; in the third phase, muscle strength must increase as before, returning agility, balance, and flexibility; furthermore, in the fourth phase, the athlete is prepared to return to sport with strength training, flexibility, agility, and sport-specific exercise.

Pain assessment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autograft: quadrupled m.semitendinosus versus m.semitendinosusand m.gracilis

Anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common sports injuries. The all-inside technique (AIT) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is gaining popularity as a more anatomic, less invasive technique with the potential for more rapid recovery. With the recent advances in the field of sports medicine, the all-inside technique is reported to have less postoperative pain as compared to the conventional transportable procedure. The purpose of this research is to determine the differences in acute pain levels between undergoing ACL reconstruction hamstring autograft m. semitendinosusand m.gracilis versus hamstring autograft quadrupled m.semitendinosus in first and second postoperative day. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients in period of two years who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using either HS autograft m.semitendinosusand m.gracilis or HS autograft quadrupled m.semitendinosus consented to participate. The primary outcome of the study was postoperative pain levels that were collected after surgery at first and second day. For the quantification of the intensity of pain after the surgery the patients were offered a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS scale), numbered from 0 to 10 (0 means no pain, 10 is the strongest pain). This part of the research shows the results obtained by processing patients with ACL, treated at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in the City General Hospital "8th of September" in Skopje. Results: The average postoperative score one day after surgery for patients with a standard method using a graft in the form of a duplication of m.semitendinosus and m.gracilis based on the VAS scale was 7.70 +0.9 and the score second day after surgery was 4.75 + 1.1.The average postoperative score a day after the surgery for patients treated with the method where only m.semitendinosus is used as a graft and that in the form of quadruplicationbased on the VAS scale was 3.90 +3.1and the score second day after surgery was 2.70 +2.7. Conclusion: A significant reduction in acute postoperative pain was found when performing ACL reconstruction with HS quadrupledm.semitendinosus compared to HS m.semitendinosus-m.gracilis.

Multicentre evaluation of anxiety and mood among collegiate student athletes with concussion

ObjectivesMental health problems are a premorbid and postinjury concern among college student athletes. Clinical phenotypes of anxiety and mood disruption are prevalent following mild traumatic brain injury, including concussion, a...

Epidemiology of hamstring injuries in 538 cases from an FC Barcelona multi sports club

ABSTRACT Objectives Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injuries in team sports. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of hamstring muscle injuries in the professional and amateur sport sections of a multi-sport club Football Club Barcelona (FCB) and to determine any potential correlation between return-to-play (RTP) and injury location, severity of connective tissue damage, age, sex, and athlete’s level of competition. Methods This descriptive epidemiological study with data collected from September 2007 to September 2017 stored in the FCB database. The study included non-contact hamstring injuries sustained during training or competition. Results A total of 538 hamstring injuries were reported in the club’s database, of which 240 were structurally verified by imaging as hamstring injuries. The overall incidence for the 17 sports studied was 1.29 structurally verified hamstring injuries per 100 athletes per year. The muscle most commonly involved in hamstring injuries was the biceps femoris, and the connective tissue most frequently involved was the myofascial. There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between age and RTP after injury, and no statistically significant difference between sex and RTP. However, the time loss by professionals was shorter than for amateurs, and proximal hamstring injuries took longer RTP than distal ones. Conclusion In the 17 sports practiced at multi-sport club, the incidence of hamstring injury was 1.29 per 100 athletes per year. Players from sports in which high-speed sprinting and kicking are necessary, and amateurs, were at higher risk of suffering a hamstring injury. In addition, proximally located hamstring injuries involving tendinous connective tissue showed the longest RTP time. Age did not seem to have any influence on RTP. Documenting location and the exact tissue involved in hamstring injuries may be beneficial for determining the prognosis and RTP.

Approach to Ankle Instability in Patients With a Negative Ankle MRI: A Case Series.

Objectives Injuries to the ankle ligaments are some of the most common musculoskeletal sports injuries. Ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard diagnostic procedure in today's practice, but its reliability and validity remain controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the approach for patients with negative ankle MRI who continue to have symptoms of ankle instability despite conservative therapy. Methods A total of eight patients who were 14 years or older with negative ankle MRI who continue to have symptoms of ankle instability despite conservative therapy were admitted to our institution from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Results Eight patients with a mean age of 36, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 37.7. All patients presented with ankle pain, locking, and giving way in variable severity. All the patients had a radiograph followed by an ankle MRI, which showed normal alignment of ankle joints without abnormality. Initially, all patients were treated conservatively but did not show any improvement. After that, they underwent an operation of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction by modified Brostrom technique, followed by casting and physiotherapy. The symptoms of ankle instability resolved in all patients. The ankle pain resolved completely in six patients, improved in one patient, and did not improve in one patient. Conclusion Based on our results, we advocate reconstruction surgery by modified Brostrom technique for ligament repair in patients with clinical evidence of chronic ankle instability who have failed a trial of conservative management, even in the context of a normal ankle MRI.

Research progress in finite element analysis of ankle sprains

Ankle dislocation is the most common sports injury and is often associated with sports injuries. Among them, the tendon ligament causes damage to the posterior ankle ligament and the posterior ankle ligament. Important stabilizing structures, especially the anterior fibula ligament and the heelofibular ligament, play an important role in maintaining balance, and their injuries can lead to instability on the lateral side of the ankle. This seriously affects the function of the ankle. At the same time, it has a stabilizing effect on the lower joint, and its damage will also affect the function of the lower joint. [1-2] Foreign scientists have collected cases of acute fractures of the ankle joint, but only the central ligament rupture. Almost all injuries to the central tendon can cause a partial tear of the ligament. However, severe hallux valgus abuse can still lead to isolated damage to the triangular ligament. [3-4] Study surface emography and other techniques for basic ankle fracture studies to address the biomechanical and kinematic problems of ankle sprains. The biomechanics of ankle injuries will now be discussed in conjunction with the mechanisms of ankle injuries. To discuss the biomechanics and kinematics of ankle sprains.

LESÕES ESPORTIVAS COMUNS E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: The integration of sports into medicine is to optimize the allocation of health resources, improve the efficiency of health services, and promote the health level of the entire population through the mutual integration and coordination of resources from sports and medical systems. Objective: Investigate and analyze the common factors of sports injuries in the elderly after participation in sports, providing a reference for the scientific formulation of sports programs and health promotion services in the elderly. Methods: The risk factors of sports injuries in elderly people aged 60-75 years in three cities were investigated, including organization management, sports environment, sports items, and other factors were statistically analyzed. The risk assessment index system of sports injuries in the elderly and the types and causes of common sports injuries were summarized by statistical methods. Results: There are many reasons for sports injuries in the elderly, including subjective and objective factors, but the common sports injuries come mainly from subjective factors, mainly pelvic girdle, knee, and ankle. Conclusion: It is necessary for the elderly to participate in physical exercise, fully recognizing the risks of the possible sport to take preventive measures for sports injuries. Once there is a sports injury in the process of exercise, measures should be taken the first time for intervention treatment. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

LESÕES ESPORTIVAS DE ESPORTES NACIONAIS TRADICIONAIS EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are 56 ethnic groups in China. Many ethnic groups have their sports, which can cause sports injuries to the human body. Objective: This paper analyzes the impact of national sports on college students' physical health, investigates the most common sports injuries in college students, and specifies scientifically-based prevention and intervention measures. Methods: 312 college students who regularly participate in various national sporting events at 10 colleges and universities volunteered to investigate common injuries sustained by participating in national sporting activities. The main injury factors were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The investigation shows that college students' errors of judgment regarding accidents, risky behaviors, and poor sports facilities are the main causes of sports injuries. Injuries are mainly concentrated in the lower limbs and pelvic girdle. Conclusion: College students' participation in national sports activities is conducive to improving their physical and mental health. However, attention to preventing injury factors in the sports process is needed to ensure safe and healthy participation in national sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Understanding Lateral Ankle Instability

Lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common sports injuries both in high level and recreational athletes. The frequency of injuries increases in recent years as more sports participations grow. Untreated ankle sprain can lead to deteriorated chronic ankle instability, thus understanding the management is of most important. Surgery for ankle instability can varied from a simple non augmented repair, augmented repair using autograft/allograft/or other choices of internal bracing, and revision cases of failed primary repair. The decision of what surgery is of the surgeon learning curves. However, with a proper diagnosis, a simple non augmented repair is acceptable with high success rate. In certain population and narrow indication, surgeon need other armamentarium such as augmented reconstruction using graft or other technique to avoid failure of primary case that leads to revision. At last, the success of lateral ankle instability surgery is highly dependent on proper phases of rehabilitation period. Understanding all matter that involves in the recovery of ankle ligament repair is of most important for the best outcome of the patients.

LESÕES ESPORTIVAS EM JOGADORES PROFISSIONAIS DE FUTEBOL

ABSTRACT Introduction Sports injuries in soccer are hardly avoided due to the characteristics of battles, such as intense conflict and high-level competitiveness related to soccer. Objective Investigate the most common sports injuries in professional soccer players. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out with 365 valid returns, including 198 male and 177 female professional soccer players. Data were collected and distributed using Excel software. Results Among sports injuries in professional soccer athletes, minor injuries are more frequent, and the lower limbs are the most affected. The subjective cause of these injuries is mainly overwork. Among the objective causes, many injuries caused by the sports characteristics of soccer are inevitable, having a strong connection with the intrinsic factors of the sport. Treating injuries combines traditional Chinese medicine with the advantages of Western medicine. Conclusion It is recommended that athletes focus constantly on their injuries while playing the sport. Coaches should verify the safety of the athletes, taking precautions to reduce injuries as much as possible and improve the athlete’s competitive level, prolonging his professional activity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.