Common Script Research Articles

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНИХ СИСТЕМ ЗАХИСТУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ РЕСУРСІВ

Traditional centralized information protection systems do not provide an adequate level of adaptability and efficiency in a dynamically changing threat environment. Multi-agent systems, having a distributed architecture and the possibility of autonomous decision-making, represent a promising direction for solving information security problems. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a multi-agent information protection system with enhanced capabilities for vulnerability analysis and intrusion detection. Unlike existing solutions, the proposed system provides active analysis of threats, reduction of the number of false positives, adaptation to new types of attacks, and minimization of the impact on the target traffic of information flows. In the proposed formal model and prototype of the agent-oriented attack modeling system (ASMA), distributed coordinated attacks on a computer network are considered as a sequence of joint actions of hacker agents, which are performed from different hosts. Hackers are supposed to coordinate their actions according to some common script. At each step of the attack scenario, they try to implement a specific private subgoal. The developed agent-oriented attack modeling system (ASMA) allows simulating distributed coordinated attacks on computer networks. It is based on a hierarchy of grammars, each of which is interpreted as a finite automaton. The system takes into account both macro- and micro-levels of attack description, providing detailed simulation of each stage of the attack. The use of KQML for communication between agents and XML for describing the content of messages allows effective coordination of agents' actions and ensures realistic simulation of attacks.

The Clothes Maketh the Cult

The Clothes Maketh the Cult

Use of animals in the health management of elephants in medieval period of Assam, India

There was a tradition of catching, taming and training elephants in medieval Assam for warfare, transportation, carrying loads etc. Many manuscripts known as the hatiputhi in Assamese language recorded a lot of information about capture, training and treatment of various diseases of elephants. Unfortunately, most of these manuscripts were destroyed or lost due to various reasons. We managed to collect digital versions of four unpublished manuscripts from four different places of Assam written in the old Assamese language using kaitheli script, a common script prevalent at that time. The manuscripts transliterated from kaitheli to modern Assamese script reveal a large number of traditionally used medicines to treat various diseases of elephants. These hatiputhi manuscripts mention the use of 61 ethnozoological animals alone with treatment methods for 21 diseases and deficiencies of elephants.

Who Are the Hui? A Necessary Footnote of Inconvenience

This article addresses two issues germane to the scholarly quest for Hui identity in the modern era. First, it adds to recent historiography on the Hui by constructing an account of the amalgamation of this corporate identity over the twentieth century. I argue that this conglomeration may only be maintained by overlooking the divergence between the territorially compact Hui communities in Northwest China and the deterritorialized Muslim minority members in China's eastern provinces. This article also cites the continued circulation of the Perso-Arabic xiao'erjin script as evidence for the distinctive northwestern Hui identity. I argue that decentering the eastern provinces and their Chinese language print culture results in a new typology of the Hui, one in which the state-defined negative attribute of "three lacks"—common script, common territory, common economic life—may define the widely dispersed eastern Hui but does not describe the Hui in the northwestern heartland.

Can brands grow like conspiracy theories spread? Studying attitudes toward advertising and conspiracy beliefs

In a world where brands find increasing difficulties to communicate their message, in part due to the splitting consumer’s attention and in part due to the difficulty in having consumers believe their messages, we also notice everyday growth of conspiracy theories in many fields (politics, health, social relations, …) who seem to thrive and find it easier than ever to enter people’s lives and gather believers.
 Can marketing learn something from the success of major conspiracy theories and their facility in reaching people’s attention and earning their trust? Should it?
 Should marketing fear the success of conspiracy theories as they seem to result from decentralized and uncontrolled forms of communication and tribe creation?
 This paper sets out to acquire lessons from the success of Conspiracy Theories (CTs) that can be applied by SMEs and startups. For that purpose, a survey was used to collect primary data, using constructs that measure people’s conspiracy tendencies (generic conspiracy beliefs scale), their attitude toward advertising and their personality profile (Big Five Inventory – BFI).
 The data gathered was used to look for correlations. Are people with the more positive view of advertising more prone to believe in CTs? Is there some relation between BFI’s personality profiles and CT belief or negativistic views of advertising? Is there some relation between the information sources people prefer and their tendency to adopt conspiracy beliefs and/or more positive attitudes towards advertising?
 The results show a clear positive correlation between peoples’ conspiracy belief tendencies and their attitude towards ads. Conspiracy beliefs were modelled as a result of attitude towards ads, age, social class and belief in popular myths.
 These results provided hints for startups/SMEs marketing strategies, by suggesting that larger advertising budgets can be fought with strategies based on different communication channels (surely social networks) and messages centered on the most common script for conspiracy theories, “big corporations / big brother doesn’t want you to know this”.

Kazakh Language and Arabic Alphabet

The sounds in the word must be indicated by certain letters so that they are displayed in the written language and, accordingly, read. The sounds of the language are indicated in the text by certain graphic letters. A set of letters arranged one after another is called an alphabet. There are a certain number of alphabetic systems in the world. Because cultural and religious factors often play a role in place of phonological criteria as historical fact, spelling problems arise when there is an imbalance between certain scripts and the languages of the societies that use them. To date, the issue of the alphabet is one of the most discussed and still relevant in the Turkic world and in Turkic studies. Beginning in the 10th century, the rapid spread of Islam among the Turks made the Arabic script the common script of all Turkic countries. The Kazakh language is the most common among the Turkic languages. In addition to the Kazakh alphabet, a lot of research has been done on spelling. In this regard, the work of the Kazakh intellectual A. Baitursynov can be cited as an example. Baitursynov's Kazakh alphabet based on Arabic graphics was used until 1929 under the name «tote zhazu». Today, this alphabet is used by Kazakhs living in China. This study will consider the period of use of the Arabic alphabet by the Kazakhs, as well as the important questions and problems that have arisen in this.

An international, multicenter, real-world analysis of epithelial ovarian cancer treatment and outcomes.

5531 Background: Few major studies have examined and compared the management and outcomes of patients from diagnosis to death between countries. We have established an international collaboration across Europe and South Korea to compare treatment and outcomes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Methods: Patients diagnosed with EOC between January 2012 and December 2018 (age ≥18), were included for analysis. Data from medical records from five European and a single South Korean treatment centre were extracted, standardised to a common data model and analysed at each centre using a common script developed in R. Time to each progression/recurrence event (defined as time to next treatment) and overall survival have been estimated using Kaplan Meier methodology and outcomes stratified by categories of interest. Changes in the use of anti-cancer therapies over time and the incidence of BRCA mutations and incidence/timing of second breast cancers have also been examined. Results: A total cohort of 2925 patients was identified with a median age at each centre of 53 to 67 years. Advanced disease (FIGO stage III - IV) (range 57% to 84%) and high-grade serous morphology (38% to 70%) were most common at each centre. The timing of surgery (primary, interval debulking or delayed) and the proportion of patients undergoing surgery varied with stage. Patients with stage I disease where most likely to undergo surgery (range 73% to 100%) and stage IV the least (range 39% to 84%). Median overall survival for high grade serous cancers ranged from 1.9 to 4.9 years, and for the whole cohort from 2.1 to 5.5 years. Median time to next treatment at first relapse for the whole cohort ranged from 14 to 22 months. Second breast cancers were noted in 6 to 17% of patients and the majority of these occurred before the diagnosis of EOC at a median time of 96 to 118 months prior to diagnosis of EOC. Additional data on treatment pathways, BRCA status and outcomes by line of therapy for each centre will be presented. Conclusions: Preliminary analysis of results across this network suggests a variation in patient populations between sites and substantial differences in both treatments and outcomes. The establishment of a common data model and the use of a common analytic script between sites across six different countries allows for detailed exploration of the factors influencing differences in patient management and treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.

Реформы современного ойрат-калмыцкого языка и литературы в XX веке

Introduction. The Oirats are Western Mongols, today living between the Altai mountains, the river Volga, the Kukunor Area, the Ili River and Kyrgyzstan. In 1648, Zaya Pandita from the Hoshut (Hoshud) tribe of the Oirats created the ‘Clear Script’ (Oir. Todo Bičig), nowadays also known as Oirat Script. This script was originally meant to be used as a reformed script by all Mongols, but it caught on with the Western Mongols, the Dzungars (Oirats, Kalmyks), only. The 20th century witnessed the introduction of new writing standards for individual groups of Oirats/Kalmyks in the Soviet Union (Russia), China and Mongolia, which led to a weakening of the West Mongolian identity. Three of the most influential Kalmyk scholars, who worked on the reform of the written language and who were active as teachers and researchers in Tashkent, Sinkiang and Western Mongolia in the 1920s and 1930s, were Aksen Suseev, Iǰil Čürüm and Ceren Dorži Nominhanov. Goals. The study aims to investigate the connection between ethnic identity and (written) language against the background of global political upheavals. The work focuses on the change of the Oirat written language in Sinkiang (Xinjiang) in a multi-ethnic region compared to the Kalmyk written language in Russia, as well as the Oirat language in Mongolia over the past 100 years. Materials. The research project, given as an outline in the following article, analyzes schoolbooks, dictionaries, grammars and other printed materials of the 20th and 21st centuries in the West Mongolian Oirat script collected in Sinkiang Kalmykia since 1986. Results. Since the 1940s, the Oirats in Sinkiang have been taking up a development in their reformed written language that was originally initiated in Kalmykia by Kalmyk scholars during the period of 1915–1938, but was not carried on there due to the political conditions which resulted in the deportation of the Kalmyks to Siberia in 1943. After the return of the Kalmyks to Kalmykia since 1957/58 the old traditions were broken, and the development of the written language focused solely on the use of a modified Cyrillic alphabet. The community based on a common script of the Kalmyks and Oirats – in China, Russia (Kalmykia) and Western Mongolia – broke up, and the three or four groups went their separate ways. For example, the orthography and grammar of the Oirat written language in reformed Todo Bičig in Sinkiang is not standardized until today. The Oirats in Mongolia, like the Oirats in Kyrgyzstan, no longer have their own written language in which they can express themselves in writing. Another desideratum is a textbook of modern Kalmyk and modern Sinkiang Oirat for Western students and scholars. Although some institutions and scholars have some Oirat language archives, like the State and University Library Goettingen has good collection of Kalmyk-Oirat and Mongolian literature, there are a lot of aspects to deal with.

A Survey on Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition

There are much heavy studies on handwritten character recognition (HCR) for nearly previous four decades. The research on some of the common script like Arabic, Indian and Chinese has been done. This manuscript presents a survey of character recognition on Arabic script, and most of the popular published paper methods are summarized and also analyzed different methods for building a robust system of HCR and included some future research on recognition direction of handwritten character. The paper analyzed and presented various algorithms with respect to preprocessing methods, segmentation methods, feature extraction methods and various classification approaches of the Arabic character recognition.

Flipping Our Scripts about Undocumented Immigration

This critical family history explores a common script about undocumented immigration: that undocumented immigrants unfairly have refused to “stand in line” for official, sanctioned immigration and instead have broken rules that the rest of “our” families have followed. Noting a hole in her knowledge base, the author put herself on a steep learning curve to “clean her lenses”—to learn more information about opportunities past and present, so she could see and discuss the issue more clearly. The author sought new and forgotten information about immigration history, new information about her own family, and details about actual immigration policy. She wrote this piece to share a few script-flipping realizations, in case they can shortcut this journey for others.

The Heterosexual Script on Tween, Teen, and Young-Adult Television Programs: A Content Analytic Update and Extension

ABSTRACT In a well-cited 2007 paper in Journal of Sex Research, Kim and colleagues proposed and documented a heterosexual script on primetime television. In the present study, we provide a 15-year update on the portrayal of the heterosexual script, and we further examine how it relates to three contextual variables: target age of the audience, age of the characters, and relational context of the script. Drawing from a 2016 sample of television programs that featured tween, teen, or young-adult characters, we documented three complementary sexual scripts: the sexual double standard (sexuality is equated with masculinity, women’s virtue is tied to their sexuality), commitment (men avoid commitment, women seek it), and homophobia (men must avoid homosexuality, female homosexuality is voyeuristically appealing to men). Like the Kim et al. study, the dominant heterosexual script was sex as masculinity; this script was equally represented in tween, teen, and young-adult shows. The second most common script was that men prioritize sex over commitment, followed by the notion that women’s virtue is tied to their sexuality. The commitment scripts were most often invoked by young-adult and adult characters, while the sexual double standard scripts were more pronounced in hookups than in committed relationships.

The prevalence and frequency of Japanese-English cognates: Recommendations for future research in applied linguistics

Abstract Research has demonstrated that cognates are processed and acquired more readily than noncognates regardless of whether the languages share a common script or etymological background (e. g., Japanese and English). Very little research, however, has focused on the prevalence and frequency of cognates in orthographically distinct languages. Using Japanese word frequency data, the present study demonstrates that between 49 % and 22 % of the most common 10000 words in English are cognate in Japanese, depending on the frequency threshold used. The analysis is extended to the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), which is shown to be between 59 % and 30 % cognate. Finally, a lexical familiarity study revealed that Japanese cognate frequency was a reliable indicator of whether the word was known to the majority of Japanese speakers. Based on the findings and drawing upon research in psycholinguistics, a number of recommendations are put forward for future studies in applied linguistics.

Fortress under Siege: Narratives of Ethnic Conflict and Discrimination among Hungarian Youth in Vojvodina

This paper analyzes narratives of ethnic conflict among Hungarian and Serbian youth in Vojvodina. These experiences are narrated by Hungarian young people from Mali Iđoš in the Central Bačka region in the interviews with the author of the paper, and the excerpts of the transcripts are analyzed according to the Labovian socio-linguistic scheme. It argues that narrative structure varies according to the interlocutor’s gender; however, all narratives demonstrate similarity in terms of positioning the protagonists of such events as committing subjects and suffering objects. In addition, the narratives are highly script-like, which suggests a lack of diversity in the available discursive frames for narrating the experience of conflicts perceived as ethnically motivated. The most common script, which the interlocutors of this research use as well, constructs and justifies ethnic groups as simultaneously in confrontation with and isolated from each other, linguistically, culturally and geographically, and articulates interethnic experiences as a threat.

Artificial Paleography: Computational Approaches to Identifying Script Types in Medieval Manuscripts

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a vibrant research domain in which systems are developed that can reason and act like humans.1 In recent years, the endeavor to reproduce human intelligence in software has led to the introduction of many well-known computer applications that are increasingly, and yet sometimes almost unnoticeably, becoming a part of our everyday lives. Representative examples include face recognition on social media, spam filters for email clients, or recommendation systems in online stores. It is to these highly practical applications that AI currently owes its high visibility—as well as its at times controversial status, as exemplified by the ethical debate sparked by the introduction of self-driving vehicles.2 Nevertheless, these highly useful, practical applications make it easy to forget that AI also addresses more theoretical issues. Being able to reproduce human intelligence, even if only for specific tasks, can help advance our understanding of the working of the human mind itself—as famous physicist Richard Feynman is credited with saying, “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”3 The humanities, which can be broadly defined as the study of the products of the human mind, in this respect seem a privileged partner for AI.4 In the field of digital humanities, various forms of AI have played a role of increasing importance for a number of decades; now that computer technologies are maturing at a rapid pace, we expect to see the emergence of many more collaborations between the humanities and AI in the future. Here we focus on paleography, the scholarly study of historical handwriting, which, apart from being a long-standing discipline in its own right, also remains a crucial auxiliary science in medieval studies for codicologists, literary scholars, and historians alike. Paleography is an interesting case for the application of AI. Whereas most medievalists have at least a superficial reading competency for common script forms, experienced paleographers are typically still required to solve more complex tasks, such as dating, localizing, or authenticating specific scripts. Thus, the field of paleography is dominated by expert-based approaches and driven by the opinions of small groups of highly trained individuals.

From the Editor's Desk: A Vision of the Future

First, let me welcome those of you who have downloaded the Journal for free from the Association for Baha'i Studies website. This milestone decision by the Executive Committee required a great deal of reflection on what is the most essential purpose of ABS in service to the Baha'i community, to society at large, and to scholars from every field. Now there is no membership fee, no charge for reading and sharing the Journal, and, we feel, no limitations to the far-reaching influence of the discourses carried out in the articles published therein. So now that all have free access to the Journal's issues online, please share them with those whom you feel might be inspired and enlightened by the content.My exhortation is particularly appropriate to this present issue, which I believe contains some of the most forthright and informative discussions about where we are in the global progress of the Baha'i Faith, as well as how we can assist the world's citizens to respond to the rapidly escalating crises and tests we face as a planetary community.Shoghi Effendi observes in the very first sentence of The Promised Day is Come that a "tempest, unprecedented in its violence, unpredictable in its course, catastrophic in its immediate effects, unimaginably glorious in its ultimate consequences, is at present sweeping the face of the earth" (3; emphasis added). However, the principal theme and focus of the Baha'i Faith is a vision of the future that, in spite of the present turmoil and consternation we witness and experience, is completely positive and encouraging.Doubtless the "glorious consequences" of this promise might seem quite remote and hardly consoling in the midst of our present circumstances, as the initial stages of this tempest already feel all too overwhelming at times. Indeed, the rapid onset of the dismantling of whatever stability we might have thought we had achieved should make us strive to understand what this "glorious" outcome will be, and, of more immediate concern, what we might do to hasten and facilitate its arrival.For Baha'is who are presently involved in the activities prescribed in the plans created for this very purpose by the Universal House of Justice, the roiling tempest becomes incrementally less distracting the more we focus our attention and energies on the framework and strategies for constructing vibrant and spiritually oriented communities from the ground up. These communities-purposely spread throughout the world-will in time become the global civilization that will embrace, nurture, and guide by example the collection of nation states throughout the world. Currently, many countries are, instead, ostensibly intent on becoming increasingly more insular, less collaborative, and therefore less capable of responding effectively to the plethora of global challenges that presently confront humankind: global warming, racism, religious conflict, ideologically driven clashes of opinion and armed forces, the ever more overt and egregious demeaning of women, the exponentially widening gulf in the distribution of wealth and human resources between the few and the many, and so on.The articles in this issue are dedicated, whether directly or indirectly, to this theme-the Baha'i vision of a future that is by no means a vain or idealistic hope, but a concrete reality whose foundation is being constructed presently through innovative educational programs and a variety of social activities devised precisely to demonstrate in action the efficacy of the future society Baha'u'llah describes as a Golden Age in which humankind lives collaboratively in a single, unified commonwealth. Those who abide in this future polity-described in detail in the Baha'i texts-will, among other things, speak a common language, write in a common script, utilize a single currency and system of weights and measures, and, most importantly, share a common belief in the essentially spiritual nature and purpose of human existence. …

Enacting the common script

This article discusses the work of mid-level management at Finnish universities of applied sciences. Based on in-depth interviews with 15 line managers, this study investigates how the standardized management ideas of rational management and employee empowerment are used in the leadership of lecturers at these institutions. The findings indicate that the work of middle managers is characterized by the consistent pursuit of rationality, strenuous efforts to provide individualized attention to every staff member and the promotion of cooperation. This study concludes that the global management script has firmly shaped the work of middle management at Finnish universities of applied sciences, as demonstrated by their attempts to tighten the couplings between the organizational subsystems and between the management and the teaching staff.

Masculinity in Japanese Sports Films

This paper considers three recent Japanese sports films for young people, Feel the Wind (2009), Oppai Volleyball (2009) and Dive!! (2008), which employ a common sports film script to explore the ways in which masculinity is constructed, expressed and evaluated through participation in sport. Through depictions of masculinities that achieve subjective agency and acceptance by peers despite a lack of competence or victory in sport, these films disrupt the established relationship between masculinity, competence and dominance, and endorse non-normative models of masculinity. They also reflect the tensions between a desire for agency, social constraints and expectations, and the dominant ideology of masculinity. In so doing, they help to illuminate the ways in which gender is negotiated in relation to contemporary social and political conditions.

Efficient Lung Air Volume Estimation Using Human Respiratory Image Sequences

This article presents experiences in the automation of a testing process. The main goal is the unified testing of not only one program, but a whole family of programs. The family is characterized by a common functionality and therefore similar GUI interfaces. The testing process integrates extraction of the application specific data from its executable and the usage of the capture and replay testing technique. The testing of various me mbers of application family is driven by a unified, common script. The approach is illustrated by a case study. As a family of applications under test a set of RSS aggregators was used. A unified test RSSscript was developed and verified in test experiments. The results of functional, performance and regression testing are presented. The benefits and limitations of the solution are discussed.

Talk About “Hooking Up”: The Influence of College Student Social Networks on Nonrelationship Sex

This research considers how communication within college student social networks may encourage high-risk sexual relationships. Students (n = 274) described sexual scripts for hooking up and reported on peer communication, sexual behavior, and sexual attitudes. Students described varied hookup scripts, expressed ambivalent attitudes, and reported moderate participation in hookups overall. However, the most common hookup script, suggesting high-risk sexual activity (i.e., unplanned, inebriated sex), was featured in most accounts of students who themselves participated in hookups. Students overestimated how often others were hooking up, and these estimates were especially inflated by students who frequently talked about hooking up with friends. Among students with strong ties to peers, frequent peer communication about sex predicted participation in hookups and favorable attitudes about hooking up. Peer approval also predicted hookup behavior and attitudes.

Embedding Cognitive Behavioural Therapy training in practice: facilitators and barriers for trainee educational psychologists (TEPs)

At the national level there has been a call for more therapeutic interventions and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been identified as one approach that can be used. The training of educational psychologists (EPs) has been extended to three years and this provides an opportunity to increase the depth of knowledge of particular therapeutic models and their use in educational settings. This paper reports developments within two UK educational psychology initial professional training programmes, involving the design of units with a specific emphasis on the development of CBT competencies with children and young people. It details an evaluation of trainee educational psychologists’ (TEPs’) experiences of undertaking CBT case‐work during their placements within educational psychology services. Focus groups were run on each programme using a common script, transcribed and then responses coded using ATLAS.ti. This led to the development of a conceptual framework that gives an understanding of the main barriers and facilitators to implementing CBT interventions within schools. There are implications for educational psychology services, trainers and service users as well as the TEPs themselves.