Common Rail Direct Injection Engine Research Articles

Effects of hydrogen flow rate, injection pressure and EGR on performance of common rail direct injection (CRDi) engine in dual fuel mode

PurposeThe different performance tests were conducted on diesel engine compression ignition (CI) mode and CRDi engine.Design/methodology/approachThe CI engine was suitably modified to CRDi engine with Toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) and was run in dual-fuel (DF) mode. Hydrogen (H2) was supplied at different flow rates during the suction stroke, and 0.22 Kg/h of hydrogen fuel flow rate (HFFR) was found to be optimum. Diesel and biodiesel were used as pilot fuels. The CRDi engine with DF mode was run at various injection pressures, and 900 bar was found to be optimum injection pressure (IP) with 10o before top dead center (bTDC) as fuel injection timing (IT).FindingsThese operating engine conditions increased formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which were reduced by exhaust gas recycle (EGR). With EGR of 15%, CRDi engine resulted in 12.6% lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 5.5% lower hydrocarbon (HC), 7.7% lower carbon monoxide (CO), 26% lower NOx at 80% load as compared to the unmodified diesel engine (CI mode).Originality/valueThe current research is an effort to study and evaluate the performance of CRDi engine in DF mode with diesel-H2 and BCPO-H2 fuel combinations with TRCC.

Effect of biodiesel addition in a blend of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol and diesel on combustion and emissions of a CRDI engine

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for energy and the fact that petroleum, which is the most used energy source, has a limited reserve, have led researchers to search for new and renewable energy sources. In this context, biofuels such as biodiesel and bio alcohols have been studied and used in internal combustion engines for a long time. However, with the developments in technology, the production and use of such alternative fuels in different engine technologies is still a subject of research. In this regard, isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) has received an increasing attention over standard alcohols and its potential as a substitute for other alcohol fuels in internal combustion engines has been researched recently. Therefore, the purpose of the experimental study is to investigate the effect of biodiesel addition at rates of 20% and 40% by volume in a blend of IBE (30% v/v) with petroleum-based diesel (70% v/v) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder common-rail direct injection engine at constant engine speed of 2400 rpm and 60% load conditions. Experimental results showed that all blended fuels presented a potential to reduce smoke opacity by 27% − 41%, CO emissions by 44% − 66% and unburnt HC emissions (up to 31.8%) but increase NOx emissions by 5% − 24.6% compared to diesel. However, adding biodiesel caused to a slight increase in smoke opacity and CO emissions while decrease in unburned HC and NOx emissions compared to the blend of IBE and diesel. Combustion analysis also showed that the use of blended fuels led to the increase of peak cylinder pressure (by 7%) and the significant improvement in the rate of heat release was observed, which further increased with the addition of biodiesel to blend of IBE and diesel. It was concluded that ternary blends was performed better than the blend of IBE and diesel while biodiesel addition was found to be beneficial in terms of reduction of unburnt HC and NOx emissions along with improved performance.

An Experimental Investigation on CRDI Diesel Engine Coupled with EGR Using Cotton Seed Biodiesel

ABSTRACT This work presents the results of an investigation on the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance and emissions at high fuel injection pressure in Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine. Cottonseed biodiesel is mixed with diesel in two different proportions, i.e., 10 and 15% by volume, designated as B10 and B15. The experimentation was conducted with the said fuel blends under different EGR rates such as 15, 20 and 25%, at a fuel injection pressure (FIP) of 900 bar and at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. It was found that at15% EGR, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduced by 7.89% at 60% load and 11.9% at full load condition while at EGR 25%, BTE reduced 15.2% and 18.9% with B10 and B15 respectively. The rise in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was 11.1% and 14.8% for B10 and B25 respectively. At 25% EGR, CO rises by 23.3% with B10 and 22% with B25 while HC rises by 4.7% for B10 and 3.5% for B25. At 25%EGR, NOx reduced by 33% when compared to diesel fuel.

Fuel Injection Responses and Particulate Emissions of a CRDI Engine Fueled with Cocos nucifera Biodiesel

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of coconut oil biodiesel (COB)-diesel blends on exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions and fuel injection responses in an unmodified turbocharged four-stroke common-rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Characterization of COB and their blends has been conducted to ascertain the applicability of these fuels for the existing engine. The test fuels used were fossil diesel fuel, COB10, COB20, COB30 and COB50 of biodiesel-diesel fuels. A test cycle which composed of 16 different steady-state modes at various loads and speed conditions was followed. Generally, the results showed a marginally advanced SOI timing and longer injection duration with increasing COB blends at higher load as compared to diesel fuel. Additionally, the lower calorific value (CV) and higher viscosity of the COB fuel blends have resulted in reduced turbo boost pressure and increased common-rail fuel injection pressure, respectively, across all engine speeds and loads. On the aspects of PM emissions characterization, results indicated that the blending of COB with conventional diesel had benefits over diesel in PM reduction. In fact, the largest achievable PM mass reduction of 38.55% was attained with COB50. In addition, it was noticed that the size of PM particles accumulated such that the granular size increased with higher diesel content in the blend. Additionally, the composition analysis on the PM collected by EDX spectroscopy has revealed that the C, O and Si as three main elements that made up the PM particles in descending order. Overall, the results indicated that COB biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative fuel and can be used satisfactorily in an unmodified diesel engine without the needs for engine remapping.

Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) for the Prediction of CRDI Engine Responses Fuelled with Pongamia Biodiesel

The application of General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) for the prediction of performance and emission responses of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine using B5, B10 and B20 blend of pongamia biodiesel is presented in this paper. Data required for the prediction is obtained through experimentation on CRDI engine by varying parameters like injection pressure, injection timing and fuel preheating temperature. The experiments were conducted based on L9 Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA). The experimental values for performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and emission parameters like CO, Nox and HC were recorded and used for GRNN. GRNN model is trained with 70% of samples and is validated with testing dataset of 30% by selecting optimum spread parameter (σ). The proposed model was found to be reliable and provides a cost effective way for determining performance parameters of engine. The results presented in this study substantially promote the use of GRNN model for the prediction of parameters in CRDI engine.

Effect of Injection Timing on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dairy Scum Methyl Esters in CRDI Engine

The conventional diesel fuels are depleting at a faster pace. To reduce the burden on the economy, the reserves and sources for future has to be limited. The use of biodiesel derivatives from various sources and its blends in diesel engine has gained more importance in recent years. The present work investigates the feasibility of using dairy scum methyl esters (DSOME) of B20 blend in a modified single cylinder of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine at a constant speed. Experiments were carried out at different injection timings from 25deg BTDC to 5deg ATDC with constant injection pressure as 600 bar. The fuel injection timing plays an important role in evaluating the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine. The results show that the performance is improved with retarded injection timings compared to the operation of single cylinder DI engine fuelled with DSOME B20 biodiesel.

Development of biofuel from Nigella sativa biomass and its suitability for energy application

Nigella sativa is one such plant species indigenous to Middle-east, Eastern Europe, and the Asian Subcontinent. Black cumin seeds derived from N. sativa are one of the identified biomasses to produce biodiesels for the use in an unmodified CI engine. The current study aims to evaluate the credibility of Nigella sativa methyl ester (NSME) as a suitable blend alongside mineral diesel in a common rail direct Injection engine via fundamental combustion analysis. In the present work, 20% of Nigella sativa methyl ester has been tested in diesel engine at 600 bar injection pressure under different pilot and main injection forms. The pilot injection mass has been varied from 5–15% along with variation in main injection also. An optimized injection strategy has been found with respect to performance and emissions for effective implementation of EGR at 10% and 20% rate. At 5% pilot injection, the NSME20 fuel showed comparable brake thermal efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption at all engine loads. Furthermore, NOx emission of NSME20 fuel has been reduced by increasing the pilot injection rate when compared to diesel and this has been further reduced with 10–20% exhaust gas recirculation. On the other hand, the combustion characteristics of NSME20 blend also shown similar pattern like diesel fuel with slight reduction in cylinder pressure and heat release rate. Finally, it has been concluded that the newly developed Nigella sativa methyl ester can be used as sustainable biofuel for various energy applications in the present scenario.

Effect of Sr@ZnO nanoparticles and Ricinus communis biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on modified CRDI diesel engine characteristics

The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide (Sr@ZnO) nanoparticle additives. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and strontium nitrate. Several characterization tests were performed to study the morphology and content of synthesized Sr@ZnO nanoparticles. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were steadily blended with RCME20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication process. For a long term stability of nanoparticles, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was added. The physicochemical properties of the fuel blends were measured using ASTM standards. The CRDI engine was operated at two compression ratios 17.5 and 19.5, 1000 bar injection pressure, 23.5°BTDC injection timing and constant speed. For enhanced swirl and turbulence, and improved spray quality lateral swirl combustion chamber and 6-hole fuel injector were used. The compression ratio of 19.5 and 60 ppm of Sr@ZnO nano-additives showed overall enhancement in engine characteristics compared to RCME20 fuel. The engine characteristics such as BTE, HRR and cylinder pressure increased by 20.83%, 24.35% and 9.55%, and BSFC, ID, CD, smoke, CO, HC and CO2 reduced by 20.07%, 20.64%, 14.5%, 27.90%, 47.63%, 26.81%, and 34.9%, while slight increase in NOx for all nanofuel blends was observed.

Investigation of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation using ceria and zirconia nanoparticles-blended rice bran biodiesel

ABSTRACT Biofuels are attracted by many investigators because of its environment friendly nature and contribution in the reduction of global warming. The advent of nanotechnology improved the performance of the biofuels while including the nanoparticles in it. Hence, the research focussing on the performance improvement and emission reduction of engine using biofules blended with nanoparticles is a noteworthy. In the present work, an investigation was performed on Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine equipped with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) setup to analyze the engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics at variable injection pressures by using rice bran biodiesel blended with ceria (CeO2) and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles. Experimental work was done using fuel samples of pure diesel (D100), biodiesel (B30), biodiesel with 15% EGR (B30 + 15%EGR), biodiesel blended with 50 ppm ceria nanoparticles with 15% EGR (B30 + 50CeO2 + 15% EGR), biodiesel blended with 50 ppm zirconia nanoparticles with 15% EGR (B30 + 50ZrO2 + 15%EGR) and biodiesel blended with 50 ppm of ceria and zirconia nanoparticles with 15% EGR (B30 + 25ZrO2 + 25CeO2 + 15%EGR) under various load conditions and injection pressures. Based on the experimental work, the B30 + 25ZrO2 + 25CeO2 + 15%EGR fuel sample displayed better performance compared to other samples. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of B30 + 25ZrO2 + 25CeO2 + 15%EGR fuel sample was increased by 8% and the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was reduced by 9% compared to D100. The combustion characteristics showed that the heat release rate and cylinder pressure were increased by 4.3% and 2.8% respectively. Further, the sample B30 + 25ZrO2 + 25CeO2 + 15%EGR decreased the exhaust emission of CO, HC, and NOx by 30%, 19%, and 13.3% respectively.

Study of diesel engine characteristics by adding nanosized zinc oxide and diethyl ether additives in Mahua biodiesel\u2013diesel fuel blend

This study deals with an experimental investigation to assess the characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine utilizing diesel, Mahua biodiesel, and their blends with synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano additives. The physicochemical properties of diesel, diesel + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (D10030), 20% Mahua biodiesel (MOME20), and Mahua biodiesel (20%) + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (MOME2030) were measured in accordance to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The effects of modification of fuel injectors (FI) holes (7-hole FI) and toroidal reentrant combustion chamber (TRCC) piston bowl design on the performance of CRDI using different fuel blends were assessed. For injection timings (IT) and injection opening pressure (IOP) average increase in brake thermal efficiency for fuel blend D10030 and MOME2030 was 9.65% and 16.4%, and 8.83% and 5.06%, respectively. Also, for IT and IOP, the average reductions in brake specific fuel consumption, smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions for D10030 and MOME2030 were 10.9% and 7.7%, 18.2% and 8.6%, 12.6% and 11.5%, 8.74% and 13.1%, and 5.75% and 7.79%, respectively and 15.5% and 5.06%, 20.33% and 6.20%, 11.12% and 24.8%, 18.32% and 6.29%, and 1.79% and 6.89%, respectively for 7-hole fuel injector and TRCC. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate for D10030 and MOME2030 were enhanced by 6.8% and 17.1%, and 7.35% and 12.28%. The 7-hole fuel injector with the nano fuel blends at an injection timing and pressure of 10° btdc and 900 bar demonstrated the overall improvement of the engine characteristics due to the better air quality for fuel mixing. Similarly, the TRCC cylinder bowl geometry illustrated advanced ignition due to an improved swirl and turbulence. Also, the engine test results demonstrated that 30 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles in Mahua biodiesel (MOME2030) and diesel (D10030) with diethyl ether resulted overall enhancement of CRDI engine characteristics.

Calibration of idling characteristics for Lemon Peel Oil using Central Composite Design in light commercial vehicle diesel engine

Lemon Peel Oil is a clean and sustainable biofuel that has shown promising results under varying driving conditions. Growing vehicle density globally makes road congestions a common sight where the engines operate under idling conditions accounting for massive fuel wastage and severe emissions. However, considering the frequent occurrence of idling and the damage caused by it, the need to calibrate engines to utilise Lemon Peel Oil under idling conditions for addressing the issues of fuel shortage and pollution is observed. Hence, this work utilises a systematic experimental approach to analyse the potential of a 20% (vol/vol) blend of Lemon Peel Oil in diesel and compares it with conventional diesel for idling conditions. The systematic experimentation is determined using the Response Surface Methodology coupled with Central Composite Design on a Common Rail Direct Injection Engine Setup. The potential of the biofuel blend is analysed by mathematical modelling of various tests conducted. At optimal idling calibrations, 42.1% drop in smoke emissions and 16% reduction in Carbon Monoxide with an increase of 5.25% in Carbon Dioxide is reported. The slightly reduced heating value of the fuel caused a 10.18% reduction in thermal efficiency and a 21.24% increase in Specific Fuel Consumption. The 2.43% increase in peak pressure and the 4.6% increase in Heat Release Rate further suggests this biofuel blend possesses superior combustion characteristics and is a cleaner fuel. Hence, the potential of Lemon Peel Oil with optimized engine parameters is determined for the idling condition.

An experimental-based artificial neural network performance study of common rail direct injection engine run on plastic pyrolysis oil

ABSTRACT Artificial neural network model was constructed to analyse and evaluate the engine performance. The experiments were conducted on a diesel engine with the blend of plastic pyrolysis oil with diesel and ethanol. Three input layer with two hidden layers and five output layers were used in artificial neural network modelling. The learning algorithm called feed-forward back-propagation was applied for the hidden layer. To train the neural network, 70% of the complete data from the experimentation was selected and 30% in predicting from the neural network. The model developed for prediction has excellent agreement as observed from the correlation coefficient (R) within the range of 0.964–0.9816. Statistical analysis shows that the ANN predicted and experimental results are in close agreement with each other. Overall, it could be concluded that it is a mean to predict the virtual sensing in studying the real time with established artificial neural network architecture. In addition, common rail direct injection engine operation could give complete freedom from diesel and thereby provides energy security and sustainable of a nation.

Significance of injection pressure on the overall performance of common rail direct injection engine using dairy scum oil methyl esters

The advantages of common rail direct injection engine, including more power, less noise and vibration, lower specific fuel consumption, precise injection timing and control over the mass of fuel injection, make the engine more popular and adoptable in all the transport vehicles by the automotive manufacturers across the world. The production and use of dairy products across the world is increasing rapidly and much of the scum obtained during the processing of dairy products is unused and discharged to atmosphere as a waste product which further leads to an adverse effect on the environment and grubby surroundings. The present study aims to use the dairy scum methyl esters in common rail direct injection engine for its adaptability and evaluate the engine performance in comparison with diesel fuel. Injection pressure is primarily the vital factor which persuades the performance of the engine, as the atomisation of the fuel depends on it. Hence, in the current study the injection pressure is augmented in the range 600–1000 bar by keeping the injection timing stable. The results revealed that the augmentation of pressure curved to raise the brake thermal efficiency and lessen the emissions.

Fuel Injection Strategy for Utilization of Mineral Diesel-Methanol Blend in a Common Rail Direct Injection Engine

AbstractMethanol fueled internal combustion (IC) engines have attracted significant attention due to their contributions in reducing environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption. In this study, a single-cylinder research engine was operated on MD10 (10% (v/v) methanol blended with mineral diesel) and baseline mineral diesel to explore an optimized fuel injection strategy for efficient combustion and reduced emissions. The experiments were conducted at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and load (3 kW) using two different fuel injection strategies, namely, single pilot injection (SPI) and double pilot injection (DPI) strategy. For each pilot fuel injection strategy, the start of main injection (SoMI) timing was varied from −3 to 6° crank angle (CA) before top dead center (bTDC). To examine the effect of fuel injection pressure (FIP), experiments were performed at three different FIPs (500, 750, and 1000 bars). Results showed that the MD10 fueled engine resulted in superior combustion compared with baseline mineral diesel, which was further improved by DPI at higher FIPs. The use of DPI strategy was found to be more effective at higher FIPs, resulting in higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE), lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compared with SPI strategy. Detailed investigations showed that the addition of methanol in mineral diesel reduced particulates, especially the accumulation mode particles (AMP). Different statistical analysis and qualitative correlations between fuel injection parameters showed that higher FIP and advanced SoMI timings were suitable for particulate reduction from the MD10 fueled engine.

Effect of Mix waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a CRDI engine

In fast-moving world, energy crisis and waste disposal are increasing day by day. To overcome the energy crisis, it is crucial that we consume less energy. The world contains potential resources to meet the demand of energy apart from electricity, highest demand among all sources. Hence to gear up the use of alternative methods from the wastes into an alternate fuel. The transportation is playing a major role in economic growth and globalization, but cause air pollution in all medium. In regard to crisis, biodiesel production from locally available mix waste cooking oil, which can be an major alternative to production of biodiesel apart from food resources. The aim of this paper is to extract the biodiesel from mix waste cooking oil using conventional methods and study the performance of B20 biodiesel blends with respect to best fuel injection time (IT), Injection opening pressure (IOP) and number opening holes in injector using common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The experimental studies showed that waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) at 27 deg before top dead centre and IOP 240 bar, B20 blend gives better results and 5 holes 0.3 mm injector nozzle give 31.7% Brake thermal efficiency, 37 HSU smoke, 37 ppm Hydrocarbon, 0.115% carbon monoxide of volume and reduce in 2% of nitrogen dioxide without any modification of engine.

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of multi-cylinder CRDI engine fueled with argemone biodiesel/diesel blends

Present work dealt with the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a 4-cylinder turbocharged, intercooled, common rail direct injection engine using argemone biodiesel-diesel blends. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel-diesel blends; AB10, AB20, AB30, AB50 and pure biodiesel were determined and compared with ASTM D6751. These blends were used for experimentation on 1.9L common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine at low load, part load and high load condition at a fixed rotational speed of 2000 rpm. It was observed that biodiesel blends perform better at part load and high load in comparison of low load condition. Maximum improvement of 5.58% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and 7.88% in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were observed for AB20 at high load condition. Significant reduction in exhaust emissions (excluding NOx) were observed at part load and high load up to 30% blending of argemone biodiesel in diesel. At low load, less NOx emissions, higher HC and CO emissions were observed for all biodiesel-diesel blends. Also, no change in ignition delay was observed up to 20% blending of argemone biodiesel in diesel. AB30 and AB50 blends show a longer ignition delay in comparison of other tested blends. Higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate was found at all the test conditions except low load for AB20 blend. The 20% blending of argemone biodiesel can be used in engine to attain higher thermal efficiency with a penalty of higher NOx emissions. However, 30% blending of argemone biodiesel can be used to achieve almost similar brake thermal efficiency as that of petroleum diesel with less penalty of NOx emissions as imposed by AB20.

Experimental investigation on engine parameters variation in common rail direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel

Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable energy source and can be utilized in the compression ignition engine without any changes in the engine design. This research work focuses on the preparation of Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester through two steps of transesterification process and its implementation in common rail direct injection diesel engines under various fuel injection strategies. At the initial stage of the current research work, two biodiesel blends of 10 vol% and 20 vol% with remaining quantity as diesel have been used as fuel in a diesel engine at a fuel injection pressure of 600 bar at 5%, 10% and 15% pilot injection variations. In the second stage, the study has been extended for the same strategies of injecting the fuel at the rates of 10% and 20% exhaust gas recirculation. All the experimental results are compared with diesel fuel at an injection pressure of 600 bar with 10% pilot injection. The experimental results revealed that an increase in the blend ratio of biodiesel enhances the combustion, performance characteristics and proliferation of pilot injection from 5 to 15% facilitates spontaneous and complete combustion. It is observed that 15% pilot injection quantity of 20 vol% Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester blend has shown the best performance among the test samples with other injection strategies. The results also showed that the implementation of exhaust gas recirculation at 10% and 20% rates during diesel engine operation is evident in lower performance characteristics with a significant impact on oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions.

Impact of fuel injection pressure on the engine characteristics of CRDI engine powered by pine oil biodiesel blend

Optimization of fuel injection strategies can maximize the utilization of biodiesel by addressing the issues concern with fuel consumption, engine performance, and exhaust gas emission. In the midst of the pervasiveness of plant-based biofuel, this paper focused on maximizing the pine oil biodiesel usage in a diesel engine having common rail direct injection (CRDI) system without any engine modifications. Pine oil derived from pine tree resins, has shown impressive fuel properties such as lower viscosity, flash point, boiling point and comparable calorific value to diesel. In this study, the impact of high fuel injection pressure on the engine characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by 30% pine oil biodiesel blend (P30) was analyzed. At standard 200 bar fuel injection pressure, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P30 biodiesel blend was decreased compared to sole diesel. To improve the utilization and performance of the P30 blend, fuel injection pressure increased from 200 bar to 350 bar at a step of 50 bar. The results show that BTE and combustion characteristics are improved with an increase in injection pressure. The P30 fuel exhibits maximum BTE of 26.1% at 350 bar which is 6.9% higher the BTE of diesel at 200 bar. Exhaust emissions (CO, HC & Smoke) decreased gradually with increase in fuel injection pressure due to high atomization of fuel, faster evaporation, and formation of the better air fuel mixture. At 100% load condition, the P30 blend shows a maximum decrease in CO and HC emission at 300 bar, which is 16.6% and 13.1% less respectively compared to sole diesel at 200 bar injection pressure. The NOx is increased by about 9.4% for P30 blend at 350 bar when compared to that of Diesel at 200 bar. Thus, the blending ratio of pine oil biodiesel in the diesel can be extended by increasing the fuel injection pressure.

A Study on Performance of Common Rail Direct Injection Engine with Multiple-Injection Strategies

Diesel engines are robust and reliable besides their good fuel economy. However, these engines produce higher exhaust emissions with fossil diesel and further these emissions level increases when operated on biodiesels. A common rail direct injection (CRDi) engine shows higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower emissions as compared to compression ignition mode (CI mode) of engine operation. This research paper revealed the results of diesel engine operated in CRDi mode with single injection (SI) and multi-injections (MI) of fuel using diesel and biodiesel of honne oil at 80% load. The CRDi engine operation with both SI and MI showed higher BTE and lower emissions as compared to CI mode. The peak pressure and heat release rate of a CRDi engine operation were lower as compared to CI mode. Overall, it could be concluded that biodiesel-powered CRDi engine with double injection and triple injection could reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 40.8% and 50%, respectively, while smoke emission by 10% and 16.6%, respectively. However, there was a little penalty on BTE and brake-specific fuel consumption.

Investigation on pilot injection with low temperature combustion of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel fuel in common rail direct injection diesel engine

The present research work emphasises on the utilization of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and preparation of 20% blend sample to explore the effects of variation of multiple injection strategies and amount of exhaust gas recirculation in a common-rail direct injection engine. In this aspects, the pilot injection quantity of B20 blend has been varied from 5 to 15% for the improvement of diesel engine characteristics. Among the tested results, an optimum pilot injection quantity has been identified and the same experimental work is extended for the addition of 10% and 20% exhaust gas recirculation under same operating conditions. The experimental study revealed that the increase in pilot injection rate from 5% to 15% at same operating conditions has shown higher brake thermal efficiency of 36.8% and the same improvement has not observed during exhaust gas recirculation addition. In terms of emissions point of view, the 15% pilot injection quantity of B20 fuel has resulted lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when compared to diesel fuel by about 54.4% and 45.9% respectively. However, the implementation of 10% EGR rate at 15% pilot injection quantity reduced the oxides of nitrogen emission by 10.04%. On the other hand, the combustion characteristics are enhanced during increase in pilot injection rate and it decreased to lower level at higher concentration of EGR addition. Thus, the combined effect of 15% pilot injection rate and 10% EGR rate would be a best possible option for obtaining an improved performance and emission characteristics. Further, the study can be extended to vary the pilot injection, main and post injection timings with suitable EGR addition successful running of biodiesel blend.