Common Psychological Conditions Research Articles

A genome-wide association study of escitalopram treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychological condition, the consequences of which, such as suicide, can be severe. Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a commonly used antidepressant in clinics. However, more than one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to this drug. Gene polymorphism may affect the efficacy of escitalopram, but the genetic architecture of the antidepressant response in patients with MDD remains unclear. We perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the genetic effect on the outcome of escitalopram in patients with MDD. A total of 203 patients with MDD and 176 healthy control (HC) adults were recruited from Beijing Anding Hospital. Patients received 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment with escitalopram. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR) or Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the severity of depression symptoms at the baseline and the end of 2 and 12 weeks of treatment. A total of 140 variants in MDD patients were identified by GWAS to have genome-wide significance (p < 5e − 8) compared with HCs. Similarly, 189 and 18 variants were identified to be associated with QIDS-SR and HAMD score changes in patients after antidepressant treatment (p < 1e − 5), including rs12602361, rs72799048, rs16842235, and rs2518256. In the two weeks QIDS-SR score study, the gene-level association for these variants and gene set enrichment analyses implicate the enrichment of genes involved in the synaptic plasticity process and nervous system development. Our results implicate the predictive capacity of the effect of escitalopram treatment, supporting a link between genetic basis and remission of depression.

THE CORRELATION OF FAMILY SUPPORT WITH THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF PRIMIGRAVIDA PREGNANT WOMEN IN FACING LABOR

Introduction Anxiety in pregnant women is a common psychological condition where mothers feel anxious, restless, or worried about pregnancy, childbirth, or their future as a mother. This anxiety can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, physical changes that occur during pregnancy, uncertainty about the birthing process, feelings of not being ready to become parents, and concerns about the health of the baby and oneself. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between primigravida pregnant women's anxiety levels and their amount of support from their families when it comes to giving birth. Method :This research design method uses a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was 75 third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. The total sample was 56 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The sample was determined based on inclusion criteria, namely pregnant women who were willing to be respondents and pregnant women in the third trimester without complications. The analysis test used uses Spearman rho correlation. Result Analysis test results using Spearman rho correlation show a correlation value (r) = 0.716 with a p value of 0.000, where p &lt; α (α = 0.05). This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. The results of this study can be concluded that family support is correlated with the level of anxiety of primigravida pregnant women. Based on this research, it is recommended that families can provide family support to primigravida pregnant women before delivery. Conclusion : the majority of primigravida pregnant women receive high family support and have mild levels of anxiety.

Burden and predictors of distress among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Excerpts of an observational study from Eastern India.

Diabetes distress (DD) is a common psychological condition distinct from depression. This is a unique, hidden emotional burden and worry that the patient experiences under ongoing treatment. To assess the prevalence and predictors of DD among adult diabetics attending a tertiary healthcare facility. This hospital-based observational, analytical, cross-sectional study recruited 152 adult patients with type 2 diabetes. The sociodemographic and diabetes-related information was collected with the help of a predesigned, structured proforma. Clinical and anthropometric examinations were conducted. Distress was determined by the standardized Diabetic Distress Scale (DDS). Statistical Analysis Used: The mean (SE) value was calculated for quantitative variables. The mean item score in DDS of ≥2 is taken as the presence of distress. Fisher's exact Chi-square test was done to check for association. Two-tailed significance test with a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Majority of study participants were literate, married, and from the lower middle socioeconomic class. High blood pressure was the most common co-morbidity and tobacco use was the most prevalent addiction. The prevalence of diabetes distress was 77.0%. Emotional DD was found to be more common than regimen, interpersonal, and physician-related DD. The major determinants that emerged were young age, low socioeconomic class, physical inactivity, longer time duration to reach the hospital, associated known co-morbidities, and poor glycaemic control. A target-specific and routine counseling sessions merged with pronged strategic services are essential to improve the mental health of respondents.

Depressionen und damit assoziierte Faktoren bei Rettungskräften in Deutschland – Ergebnisse aus der EMS-Health-Studie für den Zeitraum 2020/2021

Depression and associated factors among emergency medical services staff in Germany: results from the EMS Health Study for the period 2020/2021 Background: Depression is one of the most common psychological conditions and factors such as pain and psychosocial workload can increase the risk for depression. Since there is little data available for prehospital emergence medical services (EMS) staff in Germany, the aim of the study was to identify factors associated with depression. Methods: This analysis was a nationwide cross-sectional study with prehospital EMS staff in Germany. Factors associated with depression were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis, calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and associated 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Results: A total of 2,313 EMS staff were included in the analysis. The 12-month prevalence of depression was 15.6 % in women and 12.2 % in men. Significantly associated with depression were qualifications (paramedic*s: AOR: 1.99 [95 % CI: 1.10; 3.58] p = 0.022; paramedic*s: AOR: 1.69 [95 % CI: 1.08; 2.61] p = 0.021; reference: paramedics) and actual working hours (increase per hour: AOR: 1.02 [95 % CI: 1.00; 1.03] p = 0.013). Furthermore, poorer health, severe pain, allergies, and being a former smoker were also associated with a significantly higher chance of depression. In contrast, employees living in a relationship showed a lower chance of suffering from depression. Conclusion: This analysis provides evidence for factors associated with depression in prehospital EMS staff in Germany. Keywords: mental health – rescue service – workload – rescue service personnel – paramedics

DERMATITIS ARTEFACTA WITH Proteus mirabilis INFECTION IN COINCIDENCE WITH PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENT

Dermatitis artefacta (DA) is a psychiatric disorder with secondary manifestations on the skin. One of the most common skin lesions in DA is chronic ulcer which also can be caused by pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). There are some bacteria found in chronic ulcer such as Proteus mirabilis. A forty-one years old female with chronic wounds on her chest and left leg. Based on history taking of present illness, physical examinations, laboratory tests and histopathology of the skin lesions, the patient was diagnosed with DA and PG. She was also diagnosed with schizophrenia catatonic type. Chest x-ray showed pneumonia while the swab culture showed growth of Proteus mirbabilis. She was given an oral cefadroxile 500 mg three times daily, cetirizine 10 mg once daily, wound dressing and gentamycin ointment twice daily. She also received oral risperidone 0.5 mg twice daily combined with behavioral therapy from Psychiatric Outpatientclinic. Dermatitis artefacta is a psychocutaneous disorder with uncommon morphology. The most common psychological condition related to DA is schicophrenia. There are some specific histopathology features of DA such as dominant destruction of epidermal layer, multinucleated epidermal keratinocytes or destruction of keratinocytes. Chronic ulcers in DA might be mimicking with PG, which is a chronic recidive neutrophilic dermatoses. Proteus mirabilis is one of the most common causes of urinary tract infection, meanwhile it can also cause chronic ulcers and respiratory tract infection as pneumonia.

The role of torso stiffness and prediction in the biomechanics of anxiety: a narrative review.

Although anxiety is a common psychological condition, its symptoms are related to a cardiopulmonary strain which can cause palpitation, dyspnea, dizziness, and syncope. Severe anxiety can be disabling and lead to cardiac events such as those seen in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Since torso stiffness is a stress response to unpredictable situations or unexpected outcomes, studying the biomechanics behind it may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of anxiety on circulation, especially on venous impedance. Any degree of torso stiffness related to anxiety would limit venous return, which in turn drops cardiac output because the heart can pump only what it receives. Various methods and habits used to relieve stress seem to reduce torso stiffness. Humans are large obligatory bipedal upright primates and thus need to use the torso carefully for smooth upright activities with an accurate prediction. The upright nature of human activity itself seems to contribute to anxiety due to the needed torso stiffness using the very unstable spine. Proper planning of actions with an accurate prediction of outcomes of self and non-self would be critical to achieving motor control and ventilation in bipedal activities. Many conditions linked to prediction errors are likely to cause various degrees of torso stiffness due to incomplete learning and unsatisfactory execution of actions, which will ultimately contribute to anxiety. Modifying environmental factors to improve predictability seems to be an important step in treating anxiety. The benefit of playful aerobic activity and proper breathing on anxiety may be from the modulation of torso stiffness and enhancement of central circulation resulting in prevention of the negative effect on the cardiopulmonary system.

Associations of dietary methyl donor nutrients with common psychological conditions (depression, anxiety and stress) among reproductive-aged women in Kabul, Afghanistan

BackgroundHigher levels of methyl donor nutrients may be associated with better psychological conditions. Little is known about the association of methyl donor nutrients with psychological conditions among women especially in Asian countries such as Afghanistan.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Kabul, Afghanistan to assess the association of methyl donor nutrients with common psychological conditions (depression, anxiety and stress) among reproductive-aged women using multistage random sampling to choose one health center from each municipality out of four cardinal directions. Finally a sample of 421 reproductive-aged women with a mean BMI of 23.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2 and an age range of 15–45 years were collected. All women’s dietary intakes were obtained using a 24-recall questionnaire. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale − 21 Items (DASS-21) was used to assess psychological conditions. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVAs were performed to assess general characteristics. Residual model test while adjusting for energy intake was used to assess nutrient intake of methyl donor nutrients and food groups. We fitted logistic regression models to assess risk for Common mental health problems (CMHPs) based on methyl donor tertiles.ResultWe observed that there is no significant association between methyl donor nutrients and psychological disorders in both crude and adjusted models (depression, OR = 0.95, CI: 0.48; 1.88; anxiety, OR = 0.88, CI: 0.43, 1.79; stress, OR = 0.73, CI: 0.38, 1.40), (p > 0.05).ConclusionOverall, we did not find any significant association between methyl donor nutrients and depression, anxiety and stress.

Autonomic reactivity during acute social stress: exploratory investigation of an interaction by threat interpretation bias and emotion regulation difficulties

ABSTRACT Objective: This preliminary study examined the interactive influences of interpretation bias and emotion dysregulation in predicting autonomic stress response. Methods: Participants (N = 72 college students; ages 18–25, 70% female, 47% Hispanic/Latinx), completed a performance-based assessment of threat interpretation bias and self-report measures of emotion regulation difficulties. Electrodermal activity (EDA; skin conductance level) was collected while participants completed a standardized psychosocial stressor task. Results: Interpretation bias and emotion regulation difficulties interacted to predict EDA trajectories (β = 0.054, SE = .001, CI:.007, .002, p < .001) during acute stress: presence of either interpretation bias toward threat (β = 6.950, SE = 2.826, CI: 1.407, 12.488, p = .013) or emotion regulation difficulties (β = 9.387, SE = 3.685, CI: 2.141, 16.636, p = .011) was associated with greater reactivity and poorer recovery; presence of both was associated with the lowest resting state EDA and blunted reactivity (β = 1.340, SE = 3.085, CI: −4.721, 7.407, p = .66). Conclusions: Preliminary findings support interpretation bias and emotion regulation difficulties, and their distinct interactive patterns, as predictors of autonomic reactivity trajectories during stress. Interpretation bias modification and emotion regulation skills may be important intervention targets for common psychological conditions that are influenced by aberrant psychophysiological processes.

Prevalence of Burnout in Administrative and Industrial Sectors

Burnout is one of the most common psychological conditions that modern society is increasingly facing with, as it influences health status and can mediate the relationship between workload and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout with its dimensions among the specified groups of workers. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by a sample of three groups of workers to assess burnout with its three dimensions (Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between numerical variables with normal/not normal frequency distribution. The total burnout score was 2.55 ± 1.08, which corresponded to a moderate degree of this dimension. Of the total sample 18.1% were with a severe degree of burnout while 68.9% were with moderate. Significantly the worst was the situation in the industrial respondents, 25% were severely and 69.3% were moderately burned out, followed by the private and public groups. Our study indicated a high prevalence of burnout, especially in the industrial sectors. The use of accurate results could prove vital in the early detection and management of affected individuals, especially in high-risk professions. Burnout prevention and burnout reduction interventions should be made to highlight the increasing need for the development and deployment of mental health institutions and professionals around the country, in the efforts to pay more attention to mental health.

The relationship of dietary inflammatory index and dietary patterns with premenstrual syndrome among women in Kermanshah: An analytical cross-sectional study.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common psychological condition that occurs continuously during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Potential factors in this syndrome comprise the central nervous system, hormones, genetic background, and nutritional indicators. Little is known about foods or eating patterns that may be associated with this syndrome, yet nutritional factors can be considered in strategies for the management of PMS. The current study purposed to investigate the relationship between PMS and dietary inflammation index as well as PMS and food patterns. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 women and girls aged 20-46 years who experienced symptoms of PMS. The inclusion criteria included cooperation and consent to enter the study, a body mass index of 18.5-25 kg/m2, no underlying disease, no use of contraceptives or antidepressants, and no use of multivitamin or mineral supplements. In the first stage of this study, participants' height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured. In the second stage, eating habits were examined using a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. This study found a significant correlation between glycemic load quintiles as well as between energy and macronutrient intake and the dietary inflammatory index; however, it revealed a direct correlation between PMS and both Western-mixed dietary and high-salt-high-sugar dietary patterns. Moreover, the Western food pattern was found to have a direct correlation with dietary inflammatory index, and the healthy food pattern had an inverse correlation with this index. This study showed that PMS symptoms are more severe with the consumption of high-salt-high-sugar or a Western-mixed food dietary pattern. It seems that an imbalance in hormones and neurotransmitters can affect the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Also, some foods, such as vegetables, and low-fat and high-fiber diets reduce plasma estrogen levels and the duration of PMS symptoms.

P790 Examining mental health disease burden among Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients in Europe

Abstract Background Mental health is an overlooked aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient care and the most common psychological conditions in patients with IBD are anxiety and depression1. The objective of this study was to examine the possible factors that will impact mental health burden of CD patients in Europe. Methods A multi-centre online medical chart review study of patients with CD was conducted between Jul – Sep 2022 among UK, FR, DE, IT &amp; ES gastroenterologists practicing across hospital and private practices. Physicians were screened for practice duration and patient volume. Charts of patients prescribed with advanced therapy were included in the analysis. Results 206 sampled physicians collectively reported 1178 CD patients. From the reported CD patients, 190 suffered mental health burden (depression or anxiety) and 988 CD patients did not suffered any mental health burden. Among CD patients suffered mental health burden, a higher proportion of CD patients are female vs those who did not suffered any (55% vs 46%). ‘Family history of IBD’ was the co-morbidity more likely to experience in reported CD patients suffered mental health burden vs those who did not (11% vs 7%). When looking at employment status between these two patient groups, reported CD patients suffer mental health burden was less likely to be in full-time employment vs those not suffered mental health burden. A higher proportion of reported CD patients suffered mental health burden were in part-time employment or housewife/househusband. CD patients with mental health burden had greater CRP level than patients without mental health burden (CRP mean: 16 vs 12). This aligns with reported CD patients with mental health burden had frequent surgery times vs without mental health burden (Mean surgery times: 2 vs 1) and had greater steroid usage (% reported patients currently on steroids – 18% vs 13%). Conclusion Comparisons in this study cohort highlight there are other factors could impact CD patients’ mental health burden other than IBD itself. This coincided with low full-time employment rate that attributed to financial stress may increase CD patients’ mental health burden. Also, higher rate of surgery and steroid usage in CD patients experienced mental health burden might suggest they had more severe or complications with their disease that will impact overall mental health. Further investigation using comparator cohort is warranted.

Hubungan Prenatal Yoga dengan Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil

In pregnancy, anxiety is a common psychological condition. Moreover, when pregnant women enter the third trimester and are approaching the estimated delivery. Pregnancy-related anxiety is also considered to be different from anxiety disorders in general. This due to the specific characteristic of anxiety, in the form of concerns about facing childbirth, the baby's condition, and mother appearance. Pregnancy-related anxiety needs to be identified in order to prevent problems for the mother and baby, such as postpartum depression, delayed fetal development and premature birth. Anxiety in pregnancy can be alleviated with prenatal yoga. Yoga provides favorable benefits for pregnant women, both physically and psychologically, including in reducing anxiety for pregnant women. This study aimed to identify the relationship between prenatal yoga and anxiety in pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study. The population in this study were all pregnant women at the Depok Regional Health Center. This research was conducted in June-October 2022. The sample size was taken by purposive sampling. Data collection in this study used the HARS anxiety scale to measure the level of anxiety in pregnant women. Data analysis using Chi-Square test, multivariate analysis using Logistic Regression. Chi-Square test value shows that there was a relationship between prenatal yoga and anxiety in pregnant women (p value = 0.046). The results of multivariate analysis showed that only occupational factors that affected anxiety in pregnant women with p value = 0.010 (p &lt; 0.005). There was a relationship between prenatal yoga and anxiety in pregnant women so that it provides recommendations to facilitate prenatal yoga for pregnant women in order to carry out pregnancy comfortably.

The Effect of Midazolam and Magnesium Sulfate on Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty Operation

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety is a common psychological condition caused by many factors and can affect anesthesia results, postoperative analgesia, and surgery. This study investigated the effects of midazolam and midazolam combined with magnesium sulfate on preoperative anxiety. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients in the ASA I-II group, aged between 18-60 years, undergoing rhinoplasty operations were included in the study. Patients included in the study were randomly divided into two groups using the sealed envelope method. The first group (Group M; n:30) received 0.02-0.04 mg/kg midazolam in 100 ml isotonic, and the second group (Group MM; n:30) received 2g magnesium sulfate+0.02-0.04 mg/kg midazolam in 100 ml isotonic administered intravenously 15 minutes before surgery. In addition, state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-TX) was evaluated preoperatively at 0. minutes and postoperative at 0., 3., 6. hours and the visual analog scale (VAS) was evaluated at 0., 3., and 6. hours postoperatively. Results: 66.7% were female (n:40), 56.7% were ASA-I (n:34), the mean age was 26.17±5.57(18-41) years, and the mean surgery time was 64±12.64 (35-90) minutes. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding age, gender, ASA, and surgical duration of the cases. In addition, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and VAS decreased compared to preoperative values, while TOF and STAI-TX values increased in both the M and the MM groups. Conclusion: Midazolam and midazolam-magnesium sulfate can be safe and effective for preoperative anxiety.

Overconfidence can influence investor behaviours in China

Overconfidence is a common psychological condition defined as the irrational belief that one's chances of success are higher than they really are. The damage that overconfidence can do in the world of finance is even more glaring. Small and medium-sized investors lack the information collection, professional skills, and trend-following behaviour of large shareholders, firm management, and institutional investors. In China, the stock market is dominated by small and retail investors. They lack information and often make a decision based on the limited knowledge and information that they have. Still, owing to hubris, many small and medium-sized investors falsely assume that making money is simple or that they can consistently outperform the market as a whole. Small and medium-sized investors frequently trade to provide liquidity to the market, but their overconfidence often leads them to set unrealistically high-profit targets, incorrectly attribute gains to their operating skills, and fail to adequately account for losses as a result of events outside their control. Transaction costs can eat into earnings. Overconfidence among investors has been shown to increase market risk and volatility.

Exploring the Association of Cancer and Depression in Electronic Health Records: Combining Encoded Diagnosis and Mining Free-Text Clinical Notes.

BackgroundA cancer diagnosis is a source of psychological and emotional stress, which are often maintained for sustained periods of time that may lead to depressive disorders. Depression is one of the most common psychological conditions in patients with cancer. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, breast and colorectal cancers are the most prevalent cancers in both sexes and across all age groups in Spain.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of depression in patients before and after the diagnosis of breast or colorectal cancer, as well as to assess the usefulness of the analysis of free-text clinical notes in 2 languages (Spanish or Catalan) for detecting depression in combination with encoded diagnoses.MethodsWe carried out an analysis of the electronic health records from a general hospital by considering the different sources of clinical information related to depression in patients with breast and colorectal cancer. This analysis included ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) diagnosis codes and unstructured information extracted by mining free-text clinical notes via natural language processing tools based on Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms that mentions symptoms and drugs used for the treatment of depression.ResultsWe observed that the percentage of patients diagnosed with depressive disorders significantly increased after cancer diagnosis in the 2 types of cancer considered—breast and colorectal cancers. We managed to identify a higher number of patients with depression by mining free-text clinical notes than the group selected exclusively on ICD-9-CM codes, increasing the number of patients diagnosed with depression by 34.8% (441/1269). In addition, the number of patients with depression who received chemotherapy was higher than those who did not receive this treatment, with significant differences (P<.001).ConclusionsThis study provides new clinical evidence of the depression-cancer comorbidity and supports the use of natural language processing for extracting and analyzing free-text clinical notes from electronic health records, contributing to the identification of additional clinical data that complements those provided by coded data to improve the management of these patients.

Self-care self-efficacy and depression associated with quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Vietnam.

BackgroundHemodialysis impacts the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. Particularly, depression is the most common psychological condition among patients. Self-care self-efficacy might play an important role in quality of life of patients with hemodialysis.ObjectiveThis study was designed to explore the relationships among self-care self-efficacy, depression, and quality of life. The second aim was to explore the extent to which self-care self-efficacy and depression explain the variance in quality of life of patients on hemodialysis.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 127 patients receiving hemodialysis and used the Short Form 36 Health Survey, the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 to evaluate quality of life, self-care self-efficacy, and depression. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.ResultsThe findings indicated that self-care self-efficacy was significantly positively correlated (PCS r = .533, p < 0.001, MCS r = .47, p < .001) and depression was significantly negatively correlated (PCS r = −.446, p < .001, MCS r = −.605, p < .001) with the two quality of life components. Self-care self-efficacy and depression were significant predictors of the physical (R2inc = 0.09, β = -0.38, p<0.001, R2inc = 0.12, β = -0.22, p<0.001) and mental (R2inc = 0.04%, β = -0.25, p<0.001, R2inc = 0.33, β = -0.51, p<0.001) quality of life of hemodialysis patients.ConclusionsHealth professionals may target improving self-care self-efficacy and reducing depressive symptoms to enhance patient quality of life.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Postpartum Depressive Symptoms Among Women in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR.

Postpartum depression (PPD), the onset of depressive episodes after childbirth, is the most common psychological condition following childbirth, and a global public health concern. If undiagnosed and/or untreated, postpartum depression can have negative effects on maternal and child health, however, there are few studies on the prevalence of postpartum depression in low- and middle-income countries. To contribute to filling this gap, this study examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms among women after delivery in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. The study was a cross-sectional design, with multistage sampling used to identify women between 4 and 24 weeks after giving birth (N = 521). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to identify women with postpartum depressive symptoms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions identified risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. The prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms among participants was 21.3%. Associated factors were having at least 2–3 living children (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0), experiencing mental health problems during pregnancy (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4–7.6), experiencing conflicts with family members (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5–4.0), the experience of intimate partner violence (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.5), and receiving moderate social support (AOR: 5.6, 95% CI: 3.2–10.0). In contexts where access to mental health specialists has severely constrained maternal and child healthcare providers at primary health care must be supported to develop the necessary skills to identify risk factors and symptoms and offer basic essential services for postpartum depressive symptom (PDS). The study identified a high proportion of mothers with postnatal depressive symptoms, highlighting the need to screen and treat mothers who present with PDS, as not doing so exposes mother and their children to a range of negative health and social outcomes. Addressing the stigma associated with mental health illness and mental health illness and domestic violence that prevents women from seeking healthcare, must also be developed, implemented, and evaluated.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in major depressive disorder with focus on self-esteem and optimism: an interventional study

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is a common psychological condition that can lead to negative individual and social consequences, the management of which is very important in treating the patients. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-esteem and optimism in patients with major depressive disorder.MethodsThis is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which a total of 64 patients with major depressive disorder were recruited using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) and Treatment-As-Usual (TAU). Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). In the pretest stage, participants in both groups completed the above questionnaires before the intervention. Patients in the CBGT group received eight 90-min sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy during four weeks (two sessions a week). Then participants re-completed RSES and LOT-R immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using chi-squared test, independent-samples t-test, and repeated measures Analysis of Variance. The significance level (p-value) was considered to be less than 0.05.ResultsIt was indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of self-esteem and optimism between the two groups immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention (p < .05). The mean scores of self-esteem and optimism in the CBGT group increased significantly after the intervention compared to before it, although these scores gradually decreased over the three measurement time points after the intervention.ConclusionsBased upon the results, it was concluded that the level of optimism and self-esteem increased significantly in the CBGT group after the intervention, although the levels of the above variables dropped again in the long run after the intervention due to the discontinuity of CBGT sessions. Therefore, it is necessary to take particular measures to regularly hold the sessions of CBGT for patients with major depressive disorder.Trial registration numberIRCT20140212016564N15, The date of registration: 20–09-2021, Retrospectively registered.

Prevalence, severity, and self-management of depressive mood among community-dwelling people with spinal cord injury in Nepal.

Depression is a common psychological condition after spinal cord injury. There are increased incidences of self-harm, suicidal behavior, and lower quality of life among people with spinal cord injury and depression. However, self-management of depressive symptoms in the community is less explored. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, severity, and self-management of depressive mood in community-dwelling people with spinal cord injury. A descriptive study was conducted in 2019 among 115 people with spinal cord injury discharged from three health centers and living in the 13 districts of Bagmati Province. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were related to demographics, health and environment, depressive mood, and self-management. Descriptive statistics and quantitative content analysis were used to analyze the data. Ninety-seven (84.3%) people with spinal cord injury had a depressive mood. Of these, 60.8% had moderate to severe depressive moods. They mainly used the internet and social media, shared feelings with family members, and practiced Hindu religious activities for depressive mood management because of the physical barriers to accessing a healthcare facility and easiness to use of non-pharmacological methods. Nearly half of participants who used sharing of feelings felt their depressive mood disappeared when they often used the method. Depressive mood following initial hospitalization is highly prevalent among people with spinal cord injury in Nepal, most of whom live in rural settings. Therefore, nurses and other health professionals should provide psychoeducation for this population and their family members to better address mental health problems. Facilitating pathways for those in rural areas to engage in social activities and timely treatment access may improve depressive mood. Nurses and other rehabilitation professionals can use social media to assess depressive moods and deliver management approaches in the community.

Anxiety, depression, and sleep-related outcomes of glaucoma patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectifCette étude vise à résumer les données permettant de mesurer la prévalence et la gravité de troubles psychologiques courants chez des sujets qui présentent un glaucome. NatureRevue de synthèse systématique et méta-analyse. MéthodesNous avons procédé à une recherche dans des bases de données, notamment Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Open Grey et ProQuest (thèses et mémoires). Deux examinateurs ont vérifié et filtré de manière indépendante toutes les études pour ensuite évaluer la qualité des études retenues à l'aide d'une version modifiée de la liste de vérification de Downs et Black. Les données ont été colligées à l'aide de modèles à effets fixes et à effets aléatoires. RésultatsSur les 2067 études recensées, 57 ont passé l’étape du filtre en texte intégral, et 45 (N = 4 995 538) étaient admissibles à l'analyse. Dans l'ensemble, la prévalence de la dépression (taille de l'effet [TE] = 0,19; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 0,16–0,23; n = 31), de l'anxiété (TE = 0,25; IC à 95 % : 0,21–0,30; n = 18) et des troubles du sommeil (TE = 0,47; IC à 95 % : 0,26–0,68; n = 7) était élevée chez les patients qui présentent un glaucome. De même, la mesure symptomatique de la dépression (différence moyenne standardisée [DMS] = 0,46; IC à 95 % : 0,19–0,73), de l'anxiété (DMS = 0,44; IC à 95 % : 0,08–0,81) et de la qualité du sommeil (DMS = 0,72; IC à 95 % : 0,22–1,21) était significative en présence de glaucome. ConclusionsEn présence de glaucome, la prévalence et la gravité de la dépression, de l'anxiété et des troubles du sommeil sont plus élevées qu'en l'absence de glaucome. Aidants et professionnels de la santé doivent être conscients des facteurs de stress psychologique et social uniques qui pèsent sur les patients atteints de glaucome.