Common Property Research Articles

Hypra: A Deductive Program Verifier for Hyper Hoare Logic

Hyperproperties relate multiple executions of a program and are useful to express common correctness properties (such as determinism) and security properties (such as non-interference). While there are a number of powerful program logics for the deductive verification of hyperproperties, their automation falls behind. Most existing deductive verification tools are limited to safety properties, but cannot reason about the existence of executions, for instance, to prove the violation of a safety property. Others support more flexible hyperproperties such as generalized non-interference, but have limitations in terms of the programs and proof structures they support. In this paper, we present the first deductive verification technique for arbitrary hyperproperties over multiple executions of the same program. Our technique automates the generation of verification conditions for Hyper Hoare Logic. Our key insight is that arbitrary hyperproperties and the corresponding proof rules can be encoded into a standard intermediate verification language by representing sets of states of the input program explicitly in the states of the intermediate program. Verification is then automated using an existing SMT-based verifier for the intermediate language. We implement our technique in a tool called Hypra and demonstrate that it can reliably verify complex hyperproperties.

Investigating Mechanically Activated Currents from Trigeminal Neurons of Non-Human Primates.

Pain sensation has predominantly mechanical modalities in many pain conditions. Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels on sensory neurons underly responsiveness to mechanical stimuli. The study aimed to address gaps in knowledge regarding MA current properties in higher order species such as non-human primates (NHP; common marmosets), and characterization of MA currents in trigeminal (TG) neuronal subtypes. We employed patch clamp electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to associate MA current types to different marmoset TG neuronal groups. TG neurons were grouped according to presumed marker expression, action potential (AP) width, characteristic AP features, after-hyperpolarization parameters, presence/absence of AP trains and transient outward currents, and responses to mechanical stimuli. Marmoset TG were clustered into 5 C-fiber and 5 A-fiber neuronal groups. The C1 group likely represent non-peptidergic C-nociceptors, the C2-C4 groups resembles peptidergic C-nociceptors, while the C5 group could be either cold-nociceptors or C-low-threshold-mechanoreceptors (C-LTMR). Among C-fiber neurons only C4 were mechanically responsive. The A1 and A2 groups are likely A-nociceptors, while the A3-A5 groups probably denote different subtypes of A-low-threshold-mechanoreceptors (A-LTMRs). Among A-fiber neurons only A1 was mechanically unresponsive. IHC data was correlated with electrophysiology results and estimates that NHP TG has ∼25% peptidergic C-nociceptors, ∼20% non-peptidergic C-nociceptors, ∼30% A-nociceptors, ∼5% C-LTMR, and ∼20% A-LTMR. Overall, marmoset TG neuronal subtypes and their associated MA currents have common and unique properties compared to previously reported data. Findings from this study could be the basis for investigation on MA current sensitizations and mechanical hypersensitivity during head and neck pain conditions.

Festival games: Inebriated and sober altruists

We report a staged field experiment during three concerts in the South of Italy characterized by the same traditional music and a comparable average level of alcohol consumption by attendees. Individual blood alcohol concentration is measured with electronic breathalyzers. The experimental games are payoff-equivalent private property and common property trust games. We find that alcohol consumption is associated with less sharing in the private property game and lower efficiency in the common property game. There is a game-form effect for sober participants who share less in the common property game than in the private property game. This finding is consistent with revealed altruism theory as more sharing reveals more altruistic behavior. The absence of such game-form effect among non-sober participants is consistent with alcohol myopia. Tourists share more than local residents, significantly so for sober participants. The private property game elicits more efficiency than the common property game. This game-form effect is robust across sober and non-sober participants.

Combining private and common property management: The impact of a hybrid ownership structure on grassland conservation

This study finds that a hybrid property structure, where private ownership and communal ownership coexist, outperforms pure private or pure public ownership in terms of grassland conservation after a grassland tenure reform in China. The tenure reform of privatization replaced public ownership gradually and led to a significant 5.4% increase in grassland quality on average. The grassland quality increase is twice as large for private grassland with additional access to public grassland compared to those without such access. Interestingly, public grassland quality did not decline, indicating sustainable utilization by herders. These findings are consistent with the literature which suggests that a properly structured hybrid ownership arrangement could benefit from the positive effects of grassland privatization while mitigating the negative impacts of natural disasters. We further provide empirical support and show that the gains from public grassland access are substantially larger when there are adverse climatic shocks. Our study provides important policy implications for property rights and sustainable grassland management under more frequent climate events.

Supply chain vertical common ownership and cost of loans

This study explores how vertical common ownership reduces supply chain risk and influences creditors' decisions, focusing on the cost of loans. Findings reveal that creditors view such firms as less likely to default, evidenced by lower loan spreads. This effect is stronger for suppliers with more relationship-specific investments, weaker bargaining power, higher information asymmetry, and long-term common institutional ownership. Results remain robust through quasi-natural experiments from financial institutions' M&As, supplier-customer pair analyses, etc. We also compare vertical common ownership with the horizontal one and demonstrate its incremental contributions. Moreover, the fraction of customer sales and the institutional investors' share ownership likely influence the likelihood of vertical common ownership, with our results consistently holding under Heckman analysis. Overall, the results suggest that vertical common ownership enhances coordination and monitoring, reducing risks and creditor risk premiums. The findings may offer valuable insights into managing supply chain risks and understanding their financial implications.

Generating QES potentials supporting zero energy normalizable states for an extended class of truncated Calogero Sutherland model

Motivated by recent interest in the search for generating potentials for which the underlying Schrödinger equation is solvable, we report in the recent work several situations when a zero-energy state becomes bound depending on certain restrictions on the coupling constants that define the potential. In this regard, we present evidence of the existence of regular zero-energy normalizable solutions for a system of quasi-exactly solvable (QES) potentials that correspond to the rationally extended many-body truncated Calogero–Sutherland (TCS) model. Our procedure is based upon the use of the standard potential group approach with an underlying so(2,1) structure that utilizes a point canonical transformation with three distinct types of potentials emerging having the same eigenvalues while their common properties are subjected to the evaluation of the relevant wave functions. These cases are treated individually by suitably restricting the coupling parameters.

A new thermochromic crystal violet lactone/lactic acid/myristyl alcohol ternary mixture encapsulated with a poplar-based cellulose/lignin/SiO2 framework

Two thermochromic poplar-based composites, TPC-1 and TPC-2, were fabricated using a crystal violet lactone (CVL)/lactic acid/myristyl alcohol ternary mixture. The mass ratios for TPC-1 and TPC-2 were 10: 3: 200 and 10: 80: 200, respectively. TPC-1 exhibits a common thermochromic property, reversibly changing color from blue to the natural hue of poplar within the temperature range of 28–48 °C. In contrast, TPC-2 demonstrates a novel thermochromic behavior, shifting from light blue to dark blue within the range of 30–52 °C. This work elucidates the correlations between the distinctive mass ratios in the ternary mixtures, the resulting CVL structures, and the consequent thermochromic properties. The blue TPC-1 exhibits an open lactone ring with a HO-C=O in its CVL structure. Similarly, the light-blue TPC-2 displays an open lactone ring with a HO-C=O. However, the dark-blue TPC-2 features an open lactone ring with a HO-C=O and a C-O-C. TPC-2 is a ternary mixture encapsulated with a poplar-based cellulose/lignin/SiO2 framework. This integrated framework chemically interacts with the ternary mixture, enhancing phase-changing properties, heat-saving capabilities and mechanical properties of TPC-2. Consequently, TPC-2 is a promising candidate for applications as a temperature-responsive, thermal energy-storing, and structural material in building interiors.

Saving cosmopolitanism from colonialism

ABSTRACT Cosmopolitanism – the view that moral concern, and consequently moral duties, are not limited by borders – seems to justify colonialism with a ‘civilizing’ mission, because it supports the enforcement of moral norms universally, with no distinctions between territories, and settler colonialism, because it promotes ideas like common ownership of the Earth and open borders. I argue that existing attempts to defend cosmopolitanism from this worry fail, and that instead the cosmopolitan should embrace a cosmopolitan instrumentalist defence. According to cosmopolitan instrumentalism, colonialism is wrong (when it is wrong) for instrumental reasons: it has all sorts of terrible effects. There is nothing per se wrong with colonialism itself, so cosmopolitanism need not worry about licencing it in principle. There is much that is wrong with colonialism in practice, so cosmopolitanism can easily condemn colonialism as egregiously wrong, although it cannot condemn it as per se or necessarily wrong.

Twenty-five years of addressing cutting-edge scientific, policy, and regulatory issues through collaboration: The Forum for Collaborative Research.

Developing safe and effective drugs and other medical products is a complex and costly process. Drug development has been, historically, commonly competitive and uncollaborative, and this tendency toward a lack of interaction between stakeholders-the pharmaceutical industry, academia, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and communities, among others-can lead to missed opportunities to improve efficiency and, ultimately, public health. The Forum for Collaborative Research was established in 1997 to address current scientific, policy, and regulatory issues in global health through multistakeholder engagement and dialogue. By providing a neutral and safe space for discussion, the Forum's model has impacted how clinical trials in diverse health areas are conducted, supported broader and more equitable clinical trial participation, and accelerated delivery of new drugs. The Forum's focus and directions have shifted over time, and this responsiveness to the needs of the global health community will be critical to ensure that the Forum continues to support collaboration in global health. In this article, we present lessons learned from this innovative model of collaborative research and regulatory science, pioneered by the Forum for over 25 years, including the importance of collective ownership and governance by all stakeholders, and emphasis on common goals and advantages of collaboration.

Algorithm for Extraction Common Properties of Objects Described in the Predicate Calculus Language with Several Predicate Symbols

Algorithm for Extraction Common Properties of Objects Described in the Predicate Calculus Language with Several Predicate Symbols

The impact of common institutional ownership on financialization in non-financial enterprise: Exacerbation or inhibition?

This paper proposes that common institutional ownership positively affects the non-financial firm financialization by using data from Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2022. The findings reveal that information asymmetry and financial constraints emerge as significant transmission mechanisms between common institutional ownership and firm financialization. Moreover, this positive relationship is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms audited by non-Big 4 auditors, and those facing weaker market competition.

Transmission, Imitation and the Question of Early American Literary Nationalism

Transmission, Imitation and the Question of Early American Literary Nationalism. This article seeks to revalue early American literature and concurrently to clarify to what extent one can talk about American literary nationalism during the formative post-revolutionary years. Although many anthologies of American literature as well as critical studies devoted to American literary historiography have underlined the national unity of American literature as a whole, they have consistently ignored this particular period in which the transmission and imitation of English models and their alteration or transformation by American booksellers and publishers, corroborated with generic instability and the absence of central publishing hubs, fail to attest to a homogenous—and, implicitly, wholly national—development of literature. In doing so, special attention will be paid to the early American novel as a site for probing the ideals of the early Republic, for appraising its historical accomplishments, and, ultimately, for lambasting its democratic failure. At the same time, despite the misleading name of “novel” attributed to various literary genres, and its hybrid form, the early American novel was instrumental in reflecting transnational concerns and cultural exchanges that were highly suggestive of the unstable cultural identity of America at the time. Keywords: the early American Republic, transatlantic exchanges, English imitations, generic instability, common property, the early American novel

МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫЕ СТВОЛОВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ И ФИБРОБЛАСТЫ ПРИ ВОЗРАСТНОМ РЕМОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ КОСТНО-МЫШЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts are present in normal tissues to maintain tissue homeostasis and share a number of common features such as spindle-shaped morphology, localization in connective tissue, and multipotency. During inflammation, fibroblasts and MSCs non-specifically respond to injury via two mechanisms of action: immunomodulation and regeneration. Upon tissue injury, MSCs are activated, proliferate, and differentiate. With age and, in particular, in degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system (diseases of the muscles, joints and bones), the regenerative capacity of MSCs is lost or redirected to the production of other non-functional cell types such as adipocytes and fibroblasts, which provide much of the structural framework of almost all tissue types. By performing an immunosuppressive role, MSCs and fibroblasts contribute to the normal resolution of inflammation, which is a prerequisite for successful tissue repair. The aim of the review is to provide an understanding of the common and opposite properties of MSCs and FB from the standpoint of age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system in order to develop approaches to their complementary assistance for successful tissue regeneration. The key features of aging MSC and fibroblast are presented, and it is indicated that additional studies are needed on the cellular mechanisms that together generate dysfunctions of individual niches of terminal differentiated cells during aging. The currently existing technologies of cell therapy for the musculoskeletal system diseases involving MSCs and fibroblasts are presented.

Peer Review and Natural-Like Social Relations of Production in Academia

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of studies addressing the nature of the social relations of production prevailing in academia prior to the commodification of academic research. By filling that gap, this paper enables us to better understand the historical presuppositions from which the process of knowledge commodification in academia has evolved. Our theoretically informed analysis will focus on peer review, given that it is one of the few academic practices where traces of that historical past can still be found. On the basis of Marx’s exposition of the main features of pre-capitalist social relations of production in the Grundrisse, it will be concluded that peer review reveals that social relations of production in academia were of a pre-capitalist, or natural-like, nature: peer review is labour of a direct nature; is the practice through which the academic community mediates its own reproduction, determining how – and, sometimes, if – its members enter into contact with the objective conditions of production; finally, in this latter capacity, peer review presupposes that the academic community relates to the conditions of knowledge production as though they were their collective property. These findings are employed to account for the underlying logics of the ongoing ‘functional transformation’ of peer review.

Tumor Cell Communications as Promising Supramolecular Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy: A Possible Strategy

Fifty-two years have passed since President Nixon launched the “War on Cancer”. Despite unparalleled efforts and funds allocated worldwide, the outlined goals were not achieved because cancer treatment approaches such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal and targeted therapies have not fully met the expectations. Based on the recent literature, a new direction in cancer therapy can be proposed which targets connections between cancer cells and their microenvironment by chemical means. Cancer–stromal synapses such as immunological synapses between cancer and immune cells provide an attractive target for this approach. Such synapses form ligand–receptor clusters on the interface of the interacting cells. They share a common property of involving intercellular clusters of spatially proximate and cooperatively acting proteins. Synapses provide the space for the focused intercellular signaling molecules exchange. Thus, the disassembly of cancer–stromal synapses may potentially cause the collapse of various tumors. Additionally, the clustered arrangement of synapse components offers opportunities to enhance treatment safety and precision by using targeted crosslinking chemical agents which may inactivate cancer synapses even in reduced concentrations. Furthermore, attaching a cleavable cell-permeable toxic agent(s) to a crosslinker may further enhance the anti-cancer effect of such therapeutics. The highlighted approach promises to be universal, relatively simple and cost-efficient. We also hope that, unlike chemotherapeutic and immune drugs that interact with a single target, by using supramolecular large clusters that include many different components as a target, the emergence of a resistance characteristic of chemo- and immunotherapy is extremely unlikely.

Impact of the Ceria Particle Oxidation State on the Collecting Properties of Sophorolipids and Benzohydroxamic Acid.

The search for environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleum-based reagents in mineral processing requires fundamental studies of novel chemicals in model mineral systems. In this study, we evaluate the potential of acidic (ASL) and lactonic sophorolipids (LSL) as collectors in the froth flotation of ultrafine ceria, which serves as a model rare earth mineral (REM). We compare these two biosurfactants to a conventional petroleum-based collector, benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), in the flotation of ceria against hematite and quartz particles. Our research shows the effect of the oxidation state of ceria on its interaction with both conventional and sophorolipid collectors, which can serve as a tool for selective separation in the applied chemistry of froth flotation. It was found that the affinity of the metal oxides to the biosurfactants at pH 4 decreases in the order of α-Fe2O3 > CeO2 (red) > CeO2 (ox), where the best collector of ultrafine ceria against hematite is BHA. To support our findings, we study collector-mineral interactions through mini-flotation tests, adsorption density, contact angle, and zeta potential analyses. In addition, we evaluate the stability of the froth during the flotation of the biosurfactants. Our results indicate that modifying the oxidation state of ceria and using sophorolipids hold promise for the sustainable flotation of REM.

[Inter]play: Interiority and designing the learning commons

[Inter]play is a collaborative project that reimagines the central courtyard of a local public elementary school in Knoxville, TN as a dynamic learning commons through the principles of interiority and commoning. By prioritizing user experiences and community engagement, the design integrates flexible, interactive, and sensory-rich elements, transforming the previously dormant 8,000-square-foot space into a vibrant educational environment. Speculative thinking seeded a creative process that fueled the project’s evolution and empowered the elementary school community to employ the design proposal toward negotiating the project’s paths to realization. The ongoing multi-phase design process emphasizes collective ownership and agency, ultimately resulting in a model for the learning commons that encourages exploration and fosters a sense of community. This approach highlights the crucial role of interior architecture in developing communal and responsive educational spaces.

Characterization of analogue Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor test structures implemented in a 65 nm CMOS imaging process

Analogue test structures were fabricated using the Tower Partners Semiconductor Co. CMOS 65 nm ISC process. The purpose was to characterize and qualify this process and to optimize the sensor for the next generation of Monolithic Active Pixels Sensors for high-energy physics. The technology was explored in several variants which differed by: doping levels, pixel geometries and pixel pitches (10–25 μm). These variants have been tested following exposure to varying levels of irradiation up to 3 MGy and 1016 1 MeV neq cm−2. Here the results from prototypes that feature direct analogue output of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix are reported, allowing the systematic and detailed study of charge collection properties. Measurements were taken both using 55Fe X-ray sources and in beam tests using minimum ionizing particles. The results not only demonstrate the feasibility of using this technology for particle detection but also serve as a reference for future applications and optimizations.

Which actions contribute to the development of an interprofessional learning and working culture in nursing homes? A realist action study

ObjectiveInsights about what actions contributed to the development of an interprofessional learning and working culture were lacking for nursing homes. This study aimed to provide insight into the context and...

Can Physicochemical Properties Alter the Potency of Aeroallergens? Part 1 - Aeroallergen Protein Families.

Respiratory allergies are non-communicable diseases caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to environmental aeroallergens. The culprits are aero-transported proteins eliciting respiratory symptoms in sensitized/allergic individuals. This review intends to provide a holistic overview on the categorization of aeroallergens into protein families (Part 1) and to exploit the impact of physicochemical properties on inhalant protein allergenicity (Part 2). This first part will focus particularly on aeroallergen organization into families and how this classification fits their physicochemical properties. Aeroallergen classification into protein families facilitates the identification of common physicochemical properties, thus aiding a better comprehension of known allergens, while predicting the behavior of novel ones. The available online databases gathering important features of aeroallergens are currently scarce. Information on distinct aeroallergen classification is still lacking, as data is dispersed and often outdated, hampering an efficient evaluation of new aeroallergens.