Common Problem Research Articles

Protozoários zoonóticos em gatos diarréicos no centro-oeste do Brasil

Diarrhea, especially that of infectious origin, is a common problem in feline medicine. However, identifying a causative agent is difficult in routine clinical practice due to the many pathogens that lead to non-specific clinical signs. Among the various gastrointestinal parasites, protozoa, such as Giardia duodenalis (Lambl, 1859) and Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907), pose a great threat because of their pathogenicity, prevalence in domestic animals, and zoonotic potential. This study aimed to report the occurrence of intestinal protozoa, G. duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium spp., in cats from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fecal samples and clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from 60 patients with diarrhea. Samples were subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the protozoa. Protozoa-positive samples were subjected to DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. PCR assays revealed that one sample (1.67 %) was positive for G. duodenalis, and four samples (6.67 %) contained Cryptosporidium spp. G. duodenalis assemblage B and Cryptosporidium felis (Iseki, 1979) were identified through amplicon DNA sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of C. felis and G. duodenalis (assemblage B) in cats in Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Food Safety among Food Handlers Working in Public Food Service Establishments in Lemi Kura Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Foodborne diseases, resulting from poor food handling and sanitation practices, are common public health problems globally. The primary contributing factors to potential foodborne disease outbreaks are often attributed to the poor perception and practices of food handlers regarding food safety. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers working in public food service establishments in Lemi Kura subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to September 2023, involving 400 food handlers from 20 randomly selected public food service establishments. Data were collected using a structured interview-administered questionnaire and an observational checklist. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel and then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data, and Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers towards food safety. Of the 400 food handlers, 65.5% had good knowledge about food safety. All food handlers were knowledgeable that washing hand before handling food will reduce risk of poisoning, bacteria are the main cause of food poisoning, and temperature plays a big role in bacterial growth. This study also revealed that 65.3% of the food handlers had good attitude towards food safety and 55.3% of food handlers had good food handling practice. Based on the observation, 38.5% of food handlers had good food handling practice. Taking training, age, and work experience of food handlers have statistically significant (P < 0.05) association with good attitude towards food safety. Additionally, taking training, educational level, employment, and work experience of food handlers have statistically significant (P < 0.05) association with good practice towards food safety. However, there was no statistically significant association between all sociodemographic factors and knowledge about food safety. Good knowledge and attitude were also associated with good food handling practices of the respondents. Based on the observation, there was a statistically significant association between employment status and good food handling practice. In conclusion, the findings suggest the necessity for implementing formal educational and training programs aimed at positively influencing the knowledge and attitude of food handlers, subsequently improving their food handling practices.

Reconstruction algorithms for DNA-storage systems

Motivated by DNA storage systems, this work presents the DNA reconstruction problem, in which a length-n string, is passing through the DNA-storage channel, which introduces deletion, insertion and substitution errors. This channel generates multiple noisy copies of the transmitted string which are called traces. A DNA reconstruction algorithm is a mapping which receives t traces as an input and produces an estimation of the original string. The goal in the DNA reconstruction problem is to minimize the edit distance between the original string and the algorithm’s estimation. In this work, we present several new algorithms for this problem. Our algorithms look globally on the entire sequence of the traces and use dynamic programming algorithms, which are used for the shortest common supersequence and the longest common subsequence problems, in order to decode the original string. Our algorithms do not require any limitations on the input and the number of traces, and more than that, they perform well even for error probabilities as high as 0.27. The algorithms have been tested on simulated data, on data from previous DNA storage experiments, and on a new synthesized dataset, and are shown to outperform previous algorithms in reconstruction accuracy.

FORMULATION OF PERSONNEL POLICY AS THE BASIS OF EFFICIENT ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

It is noted that the personnel management system at a modern enterprise, regardless of the form of ownership, is the most powerful tool for ensuring competitiveness and development. It is determined that the personnel policy of an enterprise is one of the most important management tools, since in modern conditions the role of human resources in the implementation of business activities is crucial, and the quality of their management determines the success of the enterprise. It is found that the effective use of human resources can be achieved through the formation and implementation of an effective personnel policy of an enterprise, which today is considered the most important competitive advantage and means of achieving success of any modern enterprise. A number of requirements to the personnel policy of an enterprise are analyzed. The stages of formation of the personnel policy at the enterprise are disclosed. The most common problems of the enterprise’s personnel policy are allocated, in particular: lack of qualified employees, which results in poor quality of work performed, high staff turnover at the enterprise, the problem of organizing the selection and recruitment of personnel. It is proved that the presence of a personnel policy at an enterprise as the basis for effective operation of an enterprise makes it possible to implementation of a competitive policy in the presence of high quality human resources. The dependence of enterprise competitiveness on the choice of personnel policy is analyzed. Recommendations for solving personnel problems at the time of formation of the enterprise’s personnel policy have been developed, which can be the basis for the effective operation of the enterprise. It is noted that the effective development of an enterprise is based on a systematic approach to the personnel management strategy. It has been researched that the personnel policy is created to merge the efforts of all personnel of the enterprise to solve the tasks.

İngilizce Metinlerin Sınıflandırması İçin Makine Öğrenimi Kullanımı

Using classification to retrieve information and extract data from text increases the reader's understanding of the content as well. As a result of advances in technology, new methods have been proposed that not only are highly accurate but also are faster than previous methods. Various factors have been used to classify the text to date, including “Sentiment Analysis, Language Detection, Intent Detection, Spam Detection, and Topic Detection”. In English linguistics, one of the most common problems is classifying texts according to their readability level. In this article, authors have reviewed machine learning use in the classification of English text in terms of difficulty and readability level. Moreover, authors attempt to discuss the drawbacks of the deep learning method in terms of accuracy and speed of action.

Causes and Analysis of Sex Discrimination in Price Discrimination

Price discrimination in marriage and gender discrimination in the labor market are common problems in Chinese society. By exploring the pressure and impact of these issues on men and women, this article analyzes the excessive financial pressure that men bear in marriage and the various unfair treatments that women encounter in the labor market. In response to price discrimination against women in the labor market, this article puts forward a series of policy recommendations, including improving relevant laws and regulations to protect women's legitimate rights and interests, increasing penalties for gender discrimination by employers, and improving social concepts to promote gender equality. By releasing women's productivity and enabling women to earn income independently to support their families, it can reduce men's financial pressure in marriage and achieve the best of both worlds for social development goals. The innovation of this article is that it deeply explores gender issues in marriage and the labor market in Chinese society and puts forward feasible policy suggestions for these issues. Through the research of this article, People can deepen people's understanding of gender discrimination, promote the change of social concepts, create a more equal and just social environment, and achieve sustained social stability and sustainable development.

The Effectiveness of Murrotal Al-Qur'an Therapy on the Sleep Quality of Babies Aged 3-6 Months

Sleep disorders are a common problem in babies, including babies aged 3-6 months. Murrotal Al-Qur'an therapy is a therapy that can be used to treat sleep disorders in babies. This therapy is carried out by playing Al-Qur'an readings before the baby sleeps. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of murrotal Al-Qur'an therapy on the sleep quality of babies aged 3-6 months. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 16 babies aged 3-6 months with sleep disorders. The results of the study showed that murrotal Al-Qur'an therapy was effective in improving the sleep quality of babies aged 3-6 months. This can be seen from the increase in the average baby sleep quality score from 1.75 in the pretest to 3.25 in the posttest. The improvement in the quality of the baby's sleep can be seen from several indicators, namely: The duration of the baby's sleep has become longer, namely from an average of 7 hours to 8 hours. The baby's frequency of waking up at night decreases, from an average of 2 times to 1 time. Babies fall asleep more easily, from an average of 30 minutes to 15 minutes. Babies are calmer when sleeping, namely from an average of 50% to 75%. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that murrotal Al-Qur'an therapy is an alternative therapy that can be used to treat sleep disorders in babies aged 3-6 months.

Personalized and Diversified: Ranking Search Results in an Integrated Way

Ambiguity in queries is a common problem in information retrieval. There are currently two solutions: search result personalization and diversification. The former aims to tailor results for different users based on their preferences, but the limitations are redundant results and incomplete capture of user intents. The goal of the latter is to return results that cover as many aspects related to the query as possible. It improves diversity yet loses personality and cannot return the exact results the user wants. Intuitively, such two solutions can complement each other and bring more satisfactory reranking results. In this article, we propose a novel framework, namely, PnD , to integrate personalization and diversification reasonably. We employ the degree of refinding to determine the weight of personalization dynamically. Moreover, to improve the diversity and relevance of reranked results simultaneously, we design a reset RNN structure (RRNN) with the “reset gate” to measure the influence of the newly selected document on novelty. Besides, we devise a “subtopic learning layer” to learn the virtual subtopics, which can yield fine-grained representations of queries, documents, and user profiles. Experimental results illustrate that our model can significantly outperform existing search result personalization and diversification methods.

Treatment for plano-valgus foot in children with subtalar arthroereisis. A review

Plano-valgus foot is a common problem among children and adolescents. The problem is most often noticed in early childhood, as this is the period when the arches of the foot should achieve a normal structure through the disappearance of the fat pad that is present from birth. During this period, the child's skeletal system is very malleable and its remodelling can be considerably influenced by additional factors. This is due to the high amount of cartilage tissue present in a child's skeletal system. Plano-valgus foot can be treated with non-operative methods, such as physiotherapy or the use of orthopaedic supplies, such as suitable orthopaedic insoles. Unfortunately, non-operative treatment is not always sufficient. If physiotherapy does not achieve the expected results, a physician may opt for surgical treatment to restore a correct foot alignment. The most commonly performed plano-valgus foot procedure is subtalar arthroereisis. It is a minimally invasive procedure that takes approximately 10–30 minutes to perform. During the procedure, appropriate implants of various types and sizes are inserted into the tarsal sinus to reduce excessive foot pronation. Studies have shown that the procedure is beneficial to the patient, as it positions the foot correctly and children can return to performing physical activities without experiencing pain and/or rapid muscle fatigue in the foot area. The most commonly used measurements to assess the effects of plantar arthrodesis are those calculated from X-rays, such as Meary's angle, calcaneal inclination pitch angle (CP), talocalcaneal angle (Kite's angle), and surveys using The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS’s) ankle and hindfoot scoring system.

The Black Sea Regional Security and Geostrategy Balance: A “New Cold War” Scenario

The Black Sea region is increasingly becoming a priority on the international agenda. In fact, a regional approach is emerging as actors understand that common problems need to be addressed jointly. Nevertheless, cooperation efforts are hampered by a number of factors, such as uneven economic and political development within and among countries, nationalist forces, and longstanding animosities between regional players. In this context, it is imperative to foster sound policies aimed at strengthening dialogue and cooperation so as to contain and ultimately resolve conflicts with peaceful means. However, there is little policy-oriented research on the challenges and opportunities for cooperation in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of terrorism and its dangers towards the Black Sea region. The work also describes the significance of international terrorism and its general definitions. Besides, the result and findings are based on theoretical studies and assumptions and the result of the analysis of the “Case Study” of the Black Sea region. Case study examines how the Black Sea region influences the spread of terrorism and what threats it poses for this region. Furthermore, the aspects of what makes the region important on international arena are analyzed and the existent and potential security issues are examined, as well as strategic importance of the region for the EU and NATO is analyzed even from academic framework – “Securitization” theory (Buzan, Wæver, De Wilde, 1998). The theory is based on security studies conceptual background and the background spectrum includes: the Copenhagen School and Critical security studies as the type (Ondrejcsak, 2014). Moreover, the Black Sea regional security and geopolitics are to be reviewed and scrutinized in several modalities in aegis of the Securitization theory, like military and economic sectors. The hypothesis provides provision that the Black Sea regional security has already became indispensable part of the contemporary international security system and determines tendency in geostrategic balance at global level. In addition to that the Black Sea Region has to contend with numerous threats of a conventional and non-conventional kind. These hard and soft security problems make the region volatile, insecure and unstable. That is why the region is very vital for inter-governmental organizations, dealing with military security (NATO case) and local actors in case of Georgia’s national security.

Goldman Sachs’s Price Forecast Based on ARIMA and LSTM

The prediction of stock prices is a common and crucial problem in trading. Correctly predicting future stock prices enables traders to determine the optimal time to buy and sell stocks, increasing the probability of making profits. This study focuses on predicting the closing price of Goldman Sachs. Initially, an ARIMA (4,1,6) benchmark model was established based on the AIC information criteria for time series prediction. The model was then applied to make forward predictions. Subsequently, a two-layer LSTM model was constructed. The prediction results of both models were visualized, and the regression indicators were calculated for each model. By comparing the prediction results of the two algorithms, it was determined that LSTM model outperforms ARIMA on the dataset used in this paper. Furthermore, this paper highlights some shortcomings of the ARIMA model, including its unsuitability for long-term forecasting and its subjective parameter selection. In contrast, LSTM performs better in predicting turning points in stock prices.

Revisiting the Latin vocabulary of Terminologia Histologica: I. Nouns.

Almost 20% of the Latin nouns (193/993) in Terminologia Histologica (TH), the international standard nomenclature for human histology and cytology, display linguistic problems, particularly in the areas of orthography, gender, and declension. Some anatomists have opposed efforts to restore the quality of the Latin nomenclature as pedantry, preferring to create or modify Latin words so that they resemble words in English and other modern languages. A Latin microanatomical nomenclature is vulnerable to the criticism of anachronism, so the requirement for the use of authentic Latin, including derivation of new words from Greek and Latin words rather than from modern languages, if possible, may be even greater than it is for the anatomical nomenclature. The most common problem identified here appears to have been caused by derivation of Latin nouns by addition of -us and -um second declension endings to English words. Many Latin nouns (128) in TH contain one of six morphemes that have been treated this way even though the original Greek words are either first declension masculine or third declension neuter nouns. Ironically, deriving Latin nouns directly from Greek morphemes often results in words that look more familiar to speakers of Romance and Germanic languages than those derived indirectly through modern languages (e.g., astrocyte, collagene, dendrita, lipochroma, osteoclasta and telomere instead of astrocytus, collagenum, dendritum, lipochromum, osteoclastus, and telomerus).

Corrosion behavior of Si-DLC film in simulant solutions containing CO2-H2S-Cl−

Tubing and casing failure due to corrosion is a common problem in the oil industry. The Si-DLC film deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technology is expected to protect the pipeline during oil and gas exploitation. Corrosion tests were carried out in different Na2S·9H2O concentrations and temperatures in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance and stability of Si-DLC film. The results show that the Si-DLC film significantly improves the corrosion resistance of the SS304 substrate. There is no significant change on the surface of Si-DLC film with the increase of temperature, and the XPS spectrum and Raman spectrum of DLC film after corrosion possess no obvious change, which indicates that Si-DLC film possesses a great high temperature stability. The Si-DLC film is denser and it possesses excellent protective effect on the substrate compared to the corrosion product layer. The as-deposited Si-DLC film possesses excellent corrosion resistance in CO2-H2S-Cl− environment and this study provides a promising protective material for the inner surface of the pipeline during oil and gas exploitation.

Index of healthy eating and emotional eating in relation to psychological inflexibility in dance students

Dance places significant physical and cognitive demands on both students and professionals. These demands increase dancers’ susceptibility to a variety of problems. Between them, the prevalence of eating disorders in dancers of various dance genres is significant. In this context, emotional eating is a common problem among people struggling with weight issues. On the other hand, a construct that has been shown to be relevant is Psychological inflexibility. Psychological flexibility refers to the possibility of fully embracing unpleasant private events in the present, without attempting to modify them. The aim of this paper is to determine the different components of emotional eating and the healthy eating index as a function of psychological inflexibility in dance students. This was a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling. One hundred fourteen dance students enrolled in conservatories or dance schools participated in the study. Evaluations were conducted using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish population, and the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire. Data were collected in person and online format. No differences in psychological inflexibility were observed between men and women. While women showed greater utilization of food to regulate emotions, they did not differ from men in scores on the healthy eating index. Students with high psychological inflexibility reported greater utilization of food as a regulator of emotions. No differences were found in healthy eating according to psychological inflexibility. It is recommended to transform dance conservatories into healthy spaces by promoting habits that facilitate students’ well-being. Faculties can help in the pursuit of excellence by aligning performance goals with research findings and improving holistic care.

The need for police officers to use portable video recorders when responding to domestic violence situations

The article examines the use of portable video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to situations related to domestic violence.&#x0D; Domestic violence is a very common problem that needs to be addressed by the National Police of Ukraine. The main tasks of the police in the field of combating domestic violence are: timely response and combating this type of offense, bringing offenders to legal responsibility, in accordance with current legislation. In our opinion, one of the unsolved problems that is not sufficiently studied in the legislation is the use of video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to various types of offenses, such as domestic violence.&#x0D; The use of portable video recorders (portable video recording cameras) by precinct police officers is a practice that is becoming more common in many countries. These devices can have a significant impact on ensuring security, increasing accountability and transparency of police actions.&#x0D; A study of judicial practice indicates a tendency that courts of various levels increasingly note the lack of sufficient evidence from precinct police officers, which would possibly confirm the legality of their decisions to issue an urgent restraining order. In fact, only the prohibition order itself, which briefly outlines the essence of the case, and the statement of the victim, as well as other materials regarding the administrative offense, is not enough for the courts. Also, the study of judicial practice indicates that there are frequent cases of appeals against the decisions of district police officers regarding the issuance of urgent orders, which indicates the need to improve the mechanism of implementing special measures in the field of combating domestic violence.

Needs and Options for Improving Gold Mining Waste Management Practices for Sustainable Development in Tanzania

The main objective of this study was to evaluate current mining waste management practices and their challenges. This study aimed to identify existing technologies and practices, and to present improvement needs and options for environmentally sustainable practices for mining operations. Other researchers have reported many practices and technologies for managing mining waste, but the efficiency, applicability, and need for customization were not specifically addressed for developing countries. This study used field observations, measurement methods, and laboratory analysis to collect data. This study showed a large amount of mine waste rock compared to the tailings wastewater from gold processing plant produced annually. This comprises approximately 5.2 million m3 of mine contaminated water generated by leaching from the waste rock dump (WRD) and 2.3 million m3 from the tailings storage facility (TSF). The study also identified the use of TSF cut-off trenches for seepage collection, the use of lime to treat acid mine drainage (AMD), the discharge of AMD into the TSF, and the recycling of TSF water as the best practices for managing mining waste. Furthermore, the study also found that the most common environmental problems were caused by TSF water and AMD water. However, mining waste management can be improved by modifying existing practices and adopting cost-effective technologies and practices to control and treat excess mining water.

Move schedules: fast persistence computations in coarse dynamic settings

AbstractMatrix reduction is the standard procedure for computing the persistent homology of a filtered simplicial complex with m simplices. Its output is a particular decomposition of the total boundary matrix, from which the persistence diagrams and generating cycles are derived. Persistence diagrams are known to vary continuously with respect to their input, motivating the study of their computation for time-varying filtered complexes. Computing persistence dynamically can be reduced to maintaining a valid decomposition under adjacent transpositions in the filtration order. Since there are $$O(m^2)$$ O ( m 2 ) such transpositions, this maintenance procedure exhibits limited scalability and is often too fine for many applications. We propose a coarser strategy for maintaining the decomposition over a 1-parameter family of filtrations. By reduction to a particular longest common subsequence problem, we show that the minimal number of decomposition updates d can be found in $$O(m \log \log m)$$ O ( m log log m ) time and O(m) space, and that the corresponding sequence of permutations—which we call a schedule—can be constructed in $$O(d m \log m)$$ O ( d m log m ) time. We also show that, in expectation, the storage needed to employ this strategy is actually sublinear in m. Exploiting this connection, we show experimentally that the decrease in operations to compute diagrams across a family of filtrations is proportional to the difference between the expected quadratic number of states and the proposed sublinear coarsening. Applications to video data, dynamic metric space data, and multiparameter persistence are also presented.

Research advances of collagen-based biomaterials in wound repair

Acute or chronic wounds are common clinical problems. Collagen, with advantages including rich sources, impeccable biocompatibility, and inherent biodegradability, has been widely used in fundamental research and clinical treatment of wound repair with broad prospects of clinical applications. This article provided a brief overview of the role of collagen in various biological processes related to wound healing and also outlined the sources of collagen. Furthermore, the article summarized the application and recent research advancements of collagen-based wound dressings in the field of wound repair.

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Patch of Extract of Psidium Guajava Leaves

Skin infections caused by fungi are a common problem worldwide, and the search for effective and safe antifungal treatments is ongoing. This research paper aims to prepare and evaluate an antifungal patch using Psidium guajava leaves. The study includes an introduction to the problem, the methodology employed, observations of the antifungal activity against various fungi related to skin infections, the results obtained, and a conclusion. The use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potential natural antifungal agent may provide a promising alternative for the treatment of skin infections. The cheapest polymer suitable for making an antifungal patch would be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA is a water-soluble polymer that can be easily processed into films or patches. It is biocompatible, non-toxic, and has good adhesive properties. PVA can also be used as a carrier for antifungal drugs, allowing for controlled release of the medication. Additionally, PVA is relatively inexpensive compared to other polymers, making it a cost-effective choice for manufacturing antifungal patches.

Inertial Halpern-type iterative algorithm for the generalized multiple-set split feasibility problem in Banach spaces

In this paper, we study the generalized multiple-set split feasibility problem including the common fixed-point problem for a finite family of generalized demimetric mappings and the monotone inclusion problem in 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We propose an inertial Halpern-type iterative algorithm for obtaining a solution of the problem and derive a strong convergence theorem for the algorithm. Then, we apply our convergence results to the convex minimization problem, the variational inequality problem, the multiple-set split feasibility problem and the split common null-point problem in Banach spaces.