Common Name Research Articles

Прагматический потенциал прозвищ в произведениях Юй Хуа

This article is aimed at identifying a complex of pragmatic, emotional and value meanings of nicknames that allow the writer to influence the reader. The study is based on three novels by Yu Hua – Brothers, To Live, and Chronicle of a Blood Merchant – and their Russian translations. Twenty-five fragments were analysed; the specificity of the main characters’ nicknames was identified in terms of the pragmatic function they perform. It is shown that the process of integration ↔ separation and extraction ↔ filling (the rules of language unit use are being constantly updated and changed) of unique linguistic phenomena – nicknames – is inherently pragmatic. The article presents the author’s concept of nicknames, demonstrates the difference between nicknames and common names (social, family-related) and emphasizes the practical importance of nicknames (distribution, communication, symbolic figure, cultural characteristics) in prose. The novelty of the study lies in describing the pragmatic functionality of nicknames in different contextual environments, which reveals the degree of productivity and creative potential of nicknames, highlights the close relationship of nicknames with the characteristics of the time period and heritage of traditional culture, as well as points out the role of nicknames (as cultural symbols) in achieving balance in group communication. As a result, the author identified the specificity of the origin of nicknames and the potential variability of their evaluation, which causes differences in the understanding of their true meaning. Therefore, studying the intrinsic functionality of nicknames as a vastly preferable and popular form of naming in literary works, public life and other spheres of society is essential.

A call to rename Ziphius cavirostris the goose‐beaked whale: promoting inclusivity and diversity in marine mammalogy by re‐examining common names

A call to rename <i>Ziphius cavirostris</i> the goose‐beaked whale: promoting inclusivity and diversity in marine mammalogy by re‐examining common names

Nutritional Quality of Early-Generation Kernza Perennial Grain

Grain from improved varieties of the perennial grass Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth &amp; D.R. Dewey is marketed under the trade name Kernza (common name intermediate wheatgrass, IWG). While a growing body of evidence is available on the nutritional quality of Kernza, gaps exist for components such vitamins and minerals and protein quality. Therefore, we performed two studies on early-generation breeding program material, characterizing nutritional quality by quantifying macronutrients, sugars, dietary fiber, amino acid profiles, fat composition, vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, antioxidants, and antioxidant activity. The IWG studied frequently had concentrations significantly different from the reference values for whole wheat flour. For example, IWG had 50% higher protein, 129% higher dietary fiber, and 65% higher ash content than reference whole wheat flour. Calcium and selenium were 267% and 492% higher, respectively, in IWG than whole wheat flour. Riboflavin and folate were 43% and 447% higher, respectively, and niacin 74% lower in IWG versus whole wheat flour. We identified lysine as the limiting amino acid, although its concentration was 33% greater in IWG than in whole wheat flour. These results support potential benefits of Kernza for human nutrition. This work supports ongoing studies to further characterize and evaluate nutritional quality during the domestication and breeding process.

Exploring the potentials of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. for edibility and bioremediation of saline soils.

Sesuvium portulacastrum L. is a flowering succulent halophyte in the ice plant family Aizoaceae. There are various ecotypes distributed in sandy coastlines and salty marshlands in tropical and subtropical regions with the common name of sea purslane. These plants are tolerant to salt, drought, and flooding stresses and have been used for the stabilization of sand dunes and the restoration of coastal areas. With the increased salinization of agricultural soils and the widespread pollution of toxic metals in the environment, as well as excessive nutrients in waterbodies, S. portulacastrum has been explored for the desalination of saline soils and the phytoremediation of metals from contaminated soils and nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water. In addition, sea purslane has nutraceutical and pharmaceutical value. Tissue analysis indicates that many ecotypes are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and mineral nutrients. Native Americans in Florida eat it raw, pickled, or cooked. In the Philippines, it is known as atchara after being pickled. S. portulacastrum contains high levels of ecdysteroids, which possess antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities in mammals. In this review article, we present the botanical information, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of sea purslane to different stresses, its nutritional and pharmaceutical value, and the methods for its propagation and production in saline soils and waterbodies. Its adaptability to a wide range of stressful environments and its role in the production of valuable bioactive compounds suggest that S. portulacastrum can be produced in saline soils as a leafy vegetable and is a valuable genetic resource that can be used for the bioremediation of soil salinity and eutrophic water.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in north-central Morocco as natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents

For centuries, the Moroccan population has relied on herbs as medicine to treat a variety of diseases, especially inflammation and pain-related ones. To the best of our knowledge, no survey had ever been conducted to address this subject in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Thus, a survey was conducted of 544 interviewees, using a semi-structured ethnopharmacological survey designed with “Why-How” questions about plants used, their vernacular names, parts used, mode of preparation, and mode of administration. Fidelity level (FL), relative frequency of citation (RFC), frequency of citation (FC), informant consensus factor (ICF), and family importance value (FIV) were calculated. A total of 104 plant species belonging to 49 families used for inflammatory and pain treatment were documented. Lamiaceae (16 species) was the most used family and Curcuma longa L. (RFC=0.069) was the most frequently prescribed by local traditional healers and herbalists. Leaves were the most used part for herbal remedies, appearing in 30.8 % of preparations. Decoctions and infusions were the most popular preparation methods with percentages of 38.3 % and 19.2 %, respectively. Inflammations and pain in the digestive system had the largest widespread affections (IFC= 0.729) in the Fez-Meknes region. The findings of this study uncovered a reliable and original source of ethnomedicinal data pertaining to plants used to treat inflammation and inflammatory pain in the Fez-Meknes region, which could serve as a credible source of knowledge to determine new-based phytomedicines.

Iris pseudocaucasica subsp. iranica (Iridaceae), a new subspecies from Tabriz province (Iran) belonging to subgenus Scorpiris

Iris pseudocaucasica subsp. iranica, a new subspecies of subgenus Scorpiris, is described and illustrated from Tabriz Province, Iran. From the morphological point of view, subsp. iranica appears to be similar to subsp. pseudocaucasica and subsp. koyuncui, from which it differs in several morphological features including plant height, leaf size/number and flower colour/size. A comprehensive description of this subspecies is provided, including detailed photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and ecology, vernacular name and IUCN conservation status.

DNA Barcoding Revealed Mislabeling of Imported Seafood Products in Thailand

Seafood mislabeling threatens customer rights and causes economic loss worldwide. The information on seafood misrepresentation in Thailand is still lacking, and the investigation and monitoring program must be well established. This study investigated the mislabeling status of imported seafood in Thailand using the DNA barcoding technique. A total of 45 imported seafood products from five distributors were included. Scientific, common, local, and market names of seafood samples were obtained from FAO and Fishbase databases. DNA was extracted, and PCR was performed using a universal primer targeting the COI gene. Species of each sample were identified with over 98% similarity based on COI sequence analysis. DNA sequence revealed 11 mislabeled samples. Among substituted species, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Thunnus maccoyii were found to be endangered species according to IUCN status. Products obtained from Brand-C showed the highest mislabeling rate (42.85%). The phylogenetic analysis adopted with the TIM2+F+I+G4 model showed the sequenced DNA similar to the NCBI database reference sequence. Overall, mislabeled products of imported seafood were found at the rate of 24.44%, suggesting that strict surveillance for seafood substitution should be implemented in Thailand.

How are weeds named: A committee review of the WSSA composite list of names

Abstract Plant names carry a significant amount of information without providing a lengthy description. This is an efficient shorthand for scientists and stakeholders to communicate about a plant, but only when the name is based on a common understanding. It is standard to think of each plant having just two names, a common name and a scientific name, yet both names can be a source of confusion. There are often many common names that refer to the same plant, or a single common name that refers to multiple different species, and some plants are without a common name at all. Scientific names are based upon international standards; however, when there is not agreement in the taxonomy, two scientific names may be used to describe the same species. Weed scientists and practitioners can easily memorize multiple plant names and know that they refer to the same species, but when we consider global communication and far-reaching databases, it becomes very relevant to consider two sides of this shift: 1) A need for greater standardization (due to database management and risk of lost data from dropped cross-referencing) and 2) the loss of local heritage which provides useful meaning through various common names. In addition, weed scientists can be resistant to changing names that they learned or frequently use. The developments in online databases and reclassification of plant taxonomy by phylogenetic relationships have changed the accessibility and role of the list of standardized plant names compiled by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). As part of an attempt to reconcile WSSA and USDA common names for weedy plants, the WSSA Standardized Plant Names Committee recently concluded an extensive review of the Composite List of Weeds common names and had small changes approved to about 10% of the list of over 2800 distinct species.

Parataxonomy and diversity of local varieties of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and macabo (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) grown in Benin (West Africa)

Taro and macabo are plants with high food, medicinal and economic value, but are under-utilized in Benin. The aim of this study was to identify local varieties of taro and macabo grown in Benin, with their vernacular names, farmers' recognition criteria and distribution. Data were collected between May 2021 and May 2023, through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The sample surveyed consisted of 349 taro/macabo producers, distributed in 40 villages belonging to 9 departments. The variables collected concerned producers' socio-demographic characteristics, local appellations, farmers' recognition criteria and the distribution of local varieties of the two species, and were processed by calculating relative citation frequencies and establishing a generalized linear model in R software. In addition, QGIS software was used to represent the distribution of the varieties surveyed. A total of 42 local appellations have been registered to designate all local varieties. Ten local varieties, including six of C. esculenta (V1 to V6) and four of X. sagittifolium (V7 to V10), were identified on the basis of seven (07) farmers' criteria, the main ones being tuber color (41.88 %) and leaf blade color (23.30 %). Local varieties V1, V3, V4 and V5 were the most widespread for C. esculenta, while varieties V7 and V9 were the most widely distributed from the south to the north of the country for X. sagittifolium. The socio-demographic parameters such as age category, occupation and ethnic groups tested had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the number of local varieties held by growers. Agro-morphological characterization will provide data for the selection of elite varieties.

MEDICINAL PLANTS HIGHLY ADULTERATED AND SUBSTITUTED IN THE TELANGANA STATE, INDIA

Post covid-19, across the globemedicinal plants are targeted for large scale cultivation, introduction, phytochemical screening, pharmacognostical studies and for discovery of various drugs in traditional and modern system of medicines.In the urgency,with the demand and shortage of raw material leads to the adulterating and substituting many of the medicinal plants. Adulteration and substations are not only with shortage of raw material also with wrong taxonomic identity of the species and identity confusion with same local, vernacular and common names for the different species.While exploring the medicinal plant wealth of Telangana State, we have noticed some of the medicinal plants which are similar in morphology and with has same local and common names highly substituted and adulterated are discussed in detail in the present paper.

REVIEW OF COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES OF PRIYANGU

The chemical components found in plants make them a vital and fundamental component of complementary and alternative medicine. Traditional medicine has made use of plants of the Aglaia genus, the species in the Meliaceae family. the genus Aglaia has more than one hundred. Juss. Aglaia elaeagnoidea In the Western Ghats and other dry regions of India, Benth trees grow in dense, damp woods. Priyangu and chokkala are two of the common names. Rural people use the bark and leaves of this tree, much like they do with other Aglaia species. The Aglaia elaeagnoidea plant's leaves and stem bark are used in Indian medicine, specifically Ayurvedic medicine, to treat a variety of conditions, including skin diseases, tumors, insect repellent, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and anti-cancer. Numerous studies have documented the existence of phytoconstituents in plant extracts, providing empirical evidence for the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, and anti-hypertensive effects of plants. This review includes information on Aglaia elaeagnoidea phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.

Nymphanthus namkadingensis, a new species of Phyllanthaceae from Laos

A new species of Nymphanthus (Phyllanthaceae), N. namkadingensis from Bolikhamxai Province, central Laos, is described and illustrated, along with its vernacular name and preliminary conservation status. The new species is similar to N. rubescens, but distinguished by having larger stipules, longer pedicels, and connate annular disc glands (vs. free disc glands) of pistillate flowers.

Common Street Drug Names for the Anesthesiologist and Pain Physician

Common Street Drug Names for the Anesthesiologist and Pain Physician

Glycomis quangtriensis (Rutaceae), a new species from Quang Tri province, central Vietnam

A new species of Glycosmis (Rutaceae), G. quangtriensis is described based on the specimens collected from the Limestone Razorback Hill and Rockpile Hill, in Huong Hiep Commune, Dakrong District and Cam Tuyen Commune, Cam Lo District, Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam. Morphological description, photographs, a distribution map, vernacular name, and preliminary conservation status are provided for G. quangtriensis. This species is characterized by shrubby habit 1.5 m tall, simple and subsessile leaves, elliptic-oblong lamina with undulate margin and auriculate base, by which combination it is clearly distinguished from all the previously known species in the genus.

Marie Curie: Forged in the Name of Science

The most common name that is used by the feminist movement is Marie Curie's name as the first woman who conquered the men's world at that time (i.e. science). A deep and thorough investigation of the historical facts from first-source witnesses and physical evidences will prove what Marie Curie did and what her real achievements are. Where did she learn and earn her degrees? If there are any. Did she marry her professor? How did her husband die in a mysterious way? Was she involved in his death? Did she cheat on her husband? Did she have any sexual affairs with junior staff members? Why did the French Academy of Science (i.e. 100 scientists, professors, and doctors) voted to reject her application for membership in the academy? Why did the French public protest against her? Why did she work as a radiographer on a portable X-ray machine to image the wounded French soldiers? Was that a strategy to absorb the public heat? Was any of this have to do with anti-Semitism? Were her achievements exaggerated in the media? How did she win a Nobel Prize in physics and another Nobel Prize in chemistry? All these questions will be answered in this paper based on strong evidences. Naomi Pasachoff wrote a biography where she made Marie Curie a hero! But was she a hero? This paper will highlight all the propaganda written about this individual.

Redlegged Ham Beetle, Copra Beetle Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae)

The redlegged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) is a predaceous beetle that feeds on a variety of decaying organic matter, especially matter with high protein and fat content such as dead vertebrate animals, and some of plant origin, such as copra, nuts, and palm kernels. The redlegged ham beetle is of economic importance as a pest of stored products and has relevance to forensic entomology. Other common names include the ham beetle, the copra beetle or bug, and the “paper worm.”

Александр Кушнер: два «Посещения»

The article considers and compares two poems by A. S. Kushner with a common name – “Visit” (1977 and 1985). They are united by the situation of the lyrical hero returning to the places where he spent his childhood and youth. However, the author’s position is deprived of the nostalgic regret about the past years that is expected in such cases – in particular, due to the mismatch of memories with the real world of the past. Kushner continues the Russian tradition of lyrical “returns” (Pushkin, Baratynsky, Nekrasov, etc.), but correlates it with the new historical context and experience of the Soviet era, which undergoes critical re-interpretation in his poems. The second poem does not copy the first: the lyrical retrospective in it is more profound due to the motifs of infant and adolescent reading of the late Stalin era, childrens’ and “adult” (popular in the post-war years) volleyball games, and school studies. The article also analyzes the poetic technique used by Kushner, revealing its significance for the lyrical content of poems. A relatively short meter (iambic trimeter, anapestic dimeter), seemingly unexpected in the poems by Kushner, who gravitated towards the “long” line in the 70s and 80s, betrays a hidden polemic in relation to the epic poetry, a poetic theme seeming to lead up to it, but the epic poetry being consciously foreign to the poet himself. The article also touches upon another (the third) poem by Kushner called “Visit” (1973), which is only indirectly related to the other two, but which also contains the motifs of the Soviet history. As a result, all three poems fit into a series of poems by Kushner that recreate the socio-political atmosphere of the Soviet era.

Correct Identity of some Folk Medicines of South Western Maharashtra

Sixty nine samples folk medicines produced from local market have been characterized botanically and pharmacognostically. Botanical characterization has been done by actual comparison of authentic samples with that of market samples. The present paper deals with enumeration of these species used in folk medicine and gives correct botanical identity of plant materials, their common names, local names, parts used and botanical diagnostic characters.

A Contribution to the Edible Wild Fruits of Uttar Pradesh Hills

The present articles pertains to edible wild fruits collected from U. P. Hills during the years 1982-1992. The U. P. Hills are situated in the centre of the Western Himalaya. The enumeration deals with the treatment of 67 families including 122 genera and 170 species. The important families represented by local wild fruits are Rosaceae (25), Moraceae (10), Cucurbitaceae (7), Rutaceae (6), Solanaceae (6), Berberidaceae (5), Anacardiaceae (4), Ehretiaceae (4), Elaeagnaceae (4), Euphorbiaceae (4) and Verbenaceae (4). Vernacular names, English names, important field characters, traditional uses by the natives, flowering and fruiting season, distribution and frequency, field numbers and nutritive evaluation for each taxon are presented.

Taxonomic Studies on Indian Guttiferae III. the Genus &lt;I&gt;Garcinia&lt;/I&gt; Linn. S.l.

The paper deals with the taxonomic treatment of the genus Garcinia Linn, (including Xanthochymus Roxb.) as occurring in India. The study was undertaken with a view to enumerate the wild types of Indian Garcinias that produce the 'gummi-gutt' or gamboge of commerce and which may be utilized in the improvement of the fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana Linn.). Thirty five species are recognized in the area, of which thirty one species occur wild ; the rest are introduced into cultivation. Ten species are restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. One Burmese species, G. loniceroides T. Anders., has been discovered in Assam. A new variety of G. echinocarpaThwaites, namely var. monticola Mahesh., is reported from southern India. These are described in detail and their synonymy, distribution, uses, vernacular names, etc. are ascertained. A key to the species is presented.G. eugeniaefolia Wall, ex T. Anders., is incorporated in G. brevirostris Scheff. G. ovalifolia Hook.f. var. macrantha T. Anders, (syn. G. malabarica Talb., non Desr.) is raised to specific rank as G. talbotii Raiz. ex Santapau. G. affinis Wall, ex Pierre, G. pictoria Roxb., and G. acuminata Planch. &amp; Triana, are treated as distinct species. T. Anderson (1874) in the Flora of British India has united G. kydia Roxb. with G. cowa Roxb. It is concluded here that these species should be kept separate. The details are discussed in this paper.