Ipomoea Purpurea Research Articles

Flexible Resource Allocation-Efficient Water Use Strategies Facilitate Invasion of Invasive Vine Sicyos angulatus L.

The invasive vine Sicyos angulatus L. destroys the natural ecosystem of invaded areas. Understanding the differences in growth and development between S. angulatus and other plants is necessary to explore the invasion mechanisms of S. angulatus and implement appropriate prevention and control measures. Thus, this study compared the growth, photosynthesis, and root characteristics of invasive liana S. angulatus and other three vine plants, Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, Ipomoea purpurea (L.), and Thladiantha dubia Bunge, at different growth stages: seedling, flowering, and fruiting. The results showed that the total biomass of S. angulatus in the fruiting stage was 3-6 times that of the other three plants, and the root biomass ratio and root-shoot ratio decreased throughout the growth stage. Throughout the growth stage, the total leaf area of S. angulatus was significantly higher than that of the other three plant types, and the specific leaf area of S. angulatus at the seedling and flowering stages was 2.5-3 and 1.4-3 times that of the other three plants, respectively. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of S. angulatus at the fruiting stage were significantly higher than those of the other three plants, and its water use efficiency was higher than that of the other three plants at the three growth stages, indicating its strong photosynthetic capacity. The root activity and root pressure of S. angulatus were also significantly higher than those of the other three plants at the seedling and flowering stages. These results show that S. angulatus flexibly allocates resources to its aboveground parts during the growth stage to ensure that the plant obtains the space necessary for its growth and development and that with the help of higher root pressure and root activity, S. angulatus can maintain higher photosynthesis and water use efficiency with fewer resources. Therefore, the prevention and control of S. angulatus requires a combination of aboveground and underground measures. Spraying conventional weedicide/herbicide and manually removing aboveground plants may lead to its resurgence.

Morning Glory Flower Detection in Aerial Images Using Semi-Supervised Segmentation with Gaussian Mixture Models

The invasive morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae), poses a mounting challenge in vineyards by hindering grape harvest and as a secondary host of disease pathogens, necessitating advanced detection and control strategies. This study introduces a novel automated image analysis framework using aerial images obtained from a small fixed-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and an RGB camera for the large-scale detection of I. purpurea flowers. This study aimed to assess the sampling fidelity of aerial detection in comparison with the actual infestation measured by ground validation surveys. The UAS was systematically operated over 16 vineyard plots infested with I. purpurea and another 16 plots without I. purpurea infestation. We used a semi-supervised segmentation model incorporating a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with the Expectation-Maximization algorithm to detect and count I. purpurea flowers. The flower detectability of the GMM was compared with that of conventional K-means methods. The results of this study showed that the GMM detected the presence of I. purpurea flowers in all 16 infested plots with 0% for both type I and type II errors, while the K-means method had 0% and 6.3% for type I and type II errors, respectively. The GMM and K-means methods detected 76% and 65% of the flowers, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of the GMM-based segmentation model in accurately detecting and quantifying I. purpurea flowers compared with a conventional approach. This study demonstrated the efficiency of a fixed-wing UAS coupled with automated image analysis for I. purpurea flower detection in vineyards, achieving success without relying on data-driven deep-learning models.

Biological Exploration and Physicochemical Characteristics of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Several Host Crops

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is considered an emerging disease and a viral pandemic for tomato consumers. The objectives of this research were to analyze the biological and physicochemical characteristics of ToBRFV in tomato and tobacco plants, as well as to evaluate its natural host range. Inoculant seeds were recovered from ToBRFV-infected tomato samples in Coahuila, Mexico, and confirmed by RT-PCR. In the first greenhouse experiment, tomato plants of the F1 hybrid variety 172–300 (Yüksel), infected with ToBRFV, were used to evaluate viral inclusions (VI), dilution endpoint (DEP), the incubation period (IP), and latency period (LP). In a greenhouse experiment, Nicotiana longiflora plants were inoculated with ToBRFV to determine the in vitro longevity (IVL) and thermal inactivation (TI) of the virus in sap. Finally, the inoculation of tomato plants grown in open fields was carried out to evaluate transmission to natural hosts. The plants tested for possible ToBRFV reservoirs near the inoculum source were inspected and confirmed by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The results indicate that the VIs on tomato leaves manifested as X-bodies and rounded, stacked plaques within epidermal cells. The DEP required to induce the infection in plants was from a ToBRFV concentration of 1 × 10−5.5, the IP of ToBRFV occurred 9 to 12 days post-inoculation, and LP could be detected one day after inoculation. The TI of ToBRFV in N. longiflora plants occurred at 85 °C for 30 min. Ipomoea purpurea, Mirabilis jalapa, Clematis drummondii, and Solanum tuberosum were newly identified hosts of ToBRFV. The results found contribute to a better understanding of the impact of ToBRFV, managing and preventing the spread of ToBRFV in diverse environments.

Water deficit changes patterns of selection on floral signals and nectar rewards in the common morning glory.

Understanding whether and how resource limitation alters phenotypic selection on floral traits is key to predict the evolution of plant-pollinator interactions under climate change. Two important resources predicted to decline with our changing climate are pollinators and water in the form of increased droughts. Most work, however, has studied these selective agents separately and in the case of water deficit, studies are rare. Here, we use the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) to investigate the effects of experimental reduction in pollinator access and water availability on floral signals and nectar rewards and their effects on phenotypic selection on these traits. We conducted a manipulative experiment in a common garden, where we grew plants in three treatments: (1) pollinator restriction, (2) water reduction and (3) unmanipulated control. Plants in pollinator restriction and control treatments were well-watered compared to water deficit. We found that in contrast to pollinator restriction, water deficit had strong effects altering floral signals and nectar rewards but also differed in the direction and strength of selection on these traits compared to control plants. Water deficit increased the opportunity for selection, and selection in this treatment favoured lower nectar volumes and larger floral sizes, which might further alter pollinator visitation. In addition, well-watered plants, both in control and pollinator deficit, showed similar patterns of selection to increase nectar volume suggesting non-pollinator-mediated selection on nectar. Our study shows that floral traits may evolve in response to reduction in water access faster than to declines in pollinators and reinforces that abiotic factors can be important agents of selection for floral traits. Although only few experimental selection studies have manipulated access to biotic and abiotic resources, our results suggest that this approach is key for understanding how pollination systems may evolve under climate change.

Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea tricolor, Two Ornamentals with Invasive Potential

Invasive plants pose a significant threat to biodiversity, especially under the current unstable climatic conditions. This study aimed to test the salt and drought tolerance of two ornamental species of the genus Ipomoea during germination and vegetative growth. Germination tests were performed in the presence of increasing NaCl concentrations or iso-osmotic PEG concentrations—to mimic the osmotic stress caused by drought. Both species showed great invasive potential because of their high seed germination percentages and rapid germination under control (distilled water) and salt stress conditions, up to 200 mM NaCl. Germination and early seedling development were more affected in the presence of PEG. Subsequently, water stress (complete withholding of irrigation) and salt stress (watering with 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) treatments were applied to young plants for three weeks, when all plants were harvested, to determine several morphological and biochemical parameters. Both species were sensitive to water deficit but relatively resistant to salt stress. Their salt stress responses were similar, based mainly on the inhibition of Na+ and the activation of K+ transport from roots to leaves and the uptake and accumulation of Ca2+; however, I. tricolor showed a slightly higher tolerance to salt stress than I. purpurea. Although I. tricolor has only been locally reported as invasive and is generally considered a ‘low-risk’ species, our results indicate that it may have an invasive potential even higher than I. purpurea, a recognised invasive weed, spread into areas with moderate salinity, affecting agricultural land or natural habitats of ecological interest.

West African medicinal plants: a review of their antimalarial activity

Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants in the fight against malaria must be based on scientific results of safety and quality. However, reviews of the antiplasmodial activities of plants in West Africa in recent years are rare. This study analyzes scientific publications from 2010 to 2021 on plants traditionally used in antimalarial treatments in West Africa. A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed and google scholar databases using the following keywords: Malaria, Antiplasmodial activity, extract, medicinal plant, West Africa; for articles published from 2010 to 2021. These articles concern ethnobotanical studies, antiplasmodial tests, isolated molecules and toxicity tests. A total of 8 West African countries were explored and 54 papers from 2010 to 2021 were selected with 78 plants studied. Nigeria and Burkina Faso recorded more work with 28 and 7 papers respectively and studied more plants with 31, and 16 respectively. The most active extracts for in vitro tests are found in Nigeria with ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Ipomoea purpurea with respectively an Inhibitory Concentratin of 0.05 μg /mL and 0.06 μg / mL. The most active extract in vivo is found in Nigeria with the methanolic fraction of Parkia biglobosa with a 100% suppression rate at a dose of 100 mg/kg/Day. It is clear that the traditional West African pharmacopoeia is a potential source of effective phytomedicines for the management of malaria.

Not just flowering time: a resurrection approach shows floral attraction traits are changing over time.

Contemporary anthropogenic changes in climate and landscape form a complex set of selective pressures acting on natural systems, yet, in many systems, we lack information about both whether and how organisms may adapt to these changes. In plants, research has focused on climate-induced changes in phenology and the resultant potential for disruption of plant-pollinator interactions, however, there remains a paucity of knowledge regarding how other pollinator-mediated traits may be involved in the adaptive response. Here, we use resurrection experiments to investigate the phenotypic basis of adaptation in a mixed-mating system plant, the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Specifically, we measure temporal and spatial changes in traits grouped into three categories relevant to plant-pollinator interactions - floral morphology, floral rewards, and floral phenology. We show a significant temporal increase in corolla size and shift to earlier flowering times, as well as a potential for increased investment in floral rewards, all of which are driven primarily by populations at more northern latitudes. Additionally, we find evidence for directional selection on floral morphology and phenology and evidence of balancing selection acting on anther-stigma distance. Overall, these results show an adaptive response in line with greater investment in pollinator attraction rather than self-pollination and fine-scale spatial differences in adaptive potential.

Interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium and linked fitness cost loci associated with selection for herbicide resistance.

The adaptation of weeds to herbicide is both a significant problem in agriculture and a model of rapid adaptation. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of resistance controlled by many loci and the evolutionary factors that influence the maintenance of resistance. Here, using herbicide-resistant populations of the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), we perform a multilevel analysis of the genome and transcriptome to uncover putative loci involved in nontarget-site herbicide resistance (NTSR) and to examine evolutionary forces underlying the maintenance of resistance in natural populations. We found loci involved in herbicide detoxification and stress sensing to be under selection and confirmed that detoxification is responsible for glyphosate (RoundUp) resistance using a functional assay. We identified interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium (ILD) among loci under selection reflecting either historical processes or additive effects leading to the resistance phenotype. We further identified potential fitness cost loci that were strongly linked to resistance alleles, indicating the role of genetic hitchhiking in maintaining the cost. Overall, our work suggests that NTSR glyphosate resistance in I. purpurea is conferred by multiple genes which are potentially maintained through generations via ILD, and that the fitness cost associated with resistance in this species is likely a by-product of genetic hitchhiking.

A study on fabrication and characterization of dye sensitized solar cells with carissa spinuram, iresine herbstii and ipomoea purpurea as sensitizers in visible light

A study on fabrication and characterization of dye sensitized solar cells with carissa spinuram, iresine herbstii and ipomoea purpurea as sensitizers in visible light

Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Ipomoea purpurea Leaves from Iran

Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Ipomoea purpurea Leaves from Iran

Partial Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase Enzyme from Common-Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea)

This study aimed to purify and biochemically characterize polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme from the plant Ipomoea purpurea (I. purpurea) for the first time. For this purpose, the crude extract sample obtained from the extraction of in vitro cultured plant leaves under optimum conditions (25 mgmL-1 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, pH 7.0) was subjected to three-phase partitioning, and the PPO enzyme was 10.5-fold purified with a 57% activity recovery. The optimum pH and temperature values were determined as 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. Laccase, peroxidase, and catechol oxidase activities were observed after activity staining of partially purified enzyme. From stability tests, it was noted that more than 75% and 65% of its original activity were maintained at temperatures 20℃-40℃ and pH 7.0-9.0, respectively.

Cucumis sativus and Ipomoea purpurea: New hosts for Alternaria hydrangeae in China

AbstractAlternaria leaf spot is a common disease on various plants worldwide. In this study, an Alternaria species, A. hydrangeae causing leaf spot on Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Ipomoea purpurea in China was identified based on morphology and multi‐locus analysis of the partial ITS, GAPDH, Alt a 1, TEF1, and RPB2 gene regions. The pathogenicity of the present isolates and a representative isolate of A. hydrangeae were assessed on living leaves of C. sativus, I. purpurea and Hydrangea paniculata. Similar symptoms were observed on every plant inoculated with the isolates. The same fungus was re‐isolated from inoculated leaves fulfilling Koch's postulates. Morphology of the original and re‐isolated isolates showed characteristics similar to A. hydrangeae with some variations. Multi‐locus analysis indicated that the present isolate fell into A. hydrangeae clade. This study is the first report of A. hydrangeae as an agent of Alternaria leaf spot in C. sativus and I. purpurea in China, which extends the host range of the fungus.

P450s mediated enhanced herbicide metabolism involved in the thifensulfuron-methyl resistance in Ipomoea purpurea L.

Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth. reduces dry land crop yield and quality in Northeast China, especially in Liaoning Province. Frequent use of thifensulfuron-methyl in recent years has resulted in herbicide resistance in I. purpurea. We evaluated resistance levels of I. purpurea to thifensulfuron-methyl, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, in Liaoning Province and further investigated the resistance mechanisms. The results showed that 15 populations of I. purpurea have evolved up to 5.81–34.44-fold resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl, compared to the susceptible population (S), among which LN3 was the most resistant. DNA sequencing of the ALS gene in susceptible and resistant populations did not reveal any target site mutations that could be associated with resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl in I. purpurea. Additionally, no significant difference was detected between the in vitro ALS activity of LN3 and S. The GR50 of LN3 decreased sharply by 47% when malathion (a P450 inhibitor) was applied with thifensulfuron-methyl. Absorption of thifensulfuron-methyl by LN3 was equal to that of S; however, LN3 metabolized the herbicide significantly faster. This was repressed after the inhibition of P450s activity. Collectively, our results confirmed that I. purpurea in Liaoning Province has developed resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl and implied that the resistance was conferred by the increase in detoxification mediated by P450s. Furthermore, LN3 was sensitive to fluroxypyr, which can be used as an alternative to control I. purpurea.

English

The weed Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), known generically as morning glory, is an important invasive plant introduced in Brazil, which not only causes significant losses in annual crops, but also makes harvesting difficult and already presents herbicide-tolerant biotypes in the country. In this context, alternative and sustainable ways of managing this plant are sought. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of neem oil on morning glory seeds and seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with six treatments composed of different oil dilutions, applied before and after germination, in addition to the control. Based on the experiment, it was observed that neem oil delayed seed germination by up to 1.4 days, although without significance. On the other hand, seedling fresh weight was severely affected by application after sowing, leading to a symptom of leaf blight. Morning glory seedling survival followed the same pattern, where there was a significant reduction by the application of neem oil only after sowing. It was concluded that neem oil has a phytotoxic effect on I. purpurea seedlings, reducing their survival and fresh weight when applied after germination, as well as influencing (delaying) seed emergence when applied to the soil. The study of the effect of lower concentrations, close to economically viable and practiced in the field, should be carried out in the future. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots and reproductive organs of Solanum nigrum, Digitaria sanguinalis and Ipomoea purpurea

BackgroundThe application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can induce the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the tissues of host plants, thus impacting their allelopathic potential.Materials and methodsThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of three AMF species (Rhizoglomus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum) on photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites content in roots and reproductive organs of Ipomoea purpurea L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., and Solanum nigrum L. as a problematic weed species.ResultsAmong compared weeds, the roots of D. sanguinalis associated with AMF accumulated the highest level of phenols. Higher content of flavonoids was obtained in roots of S. nigrum (7.46 mg g−1 FW) following colonization with R. intraradices. Berries of S. nigrum inoculated with R. intraradices had a higher concentration of terpenoids (21.45 mg 100 mL−1 of extract) than reproductive organs of D. sanguinalis and I. purpurea. Colonization with R. intraradices improved total phenolics in seeds of D. sanguinalis compared to the reproductive organs of other weeds. These compounds released from seeds help defend against pathogen infection, consequently increasing seed production. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme activity in leaves of D. sanguinalis colonized by R. fasciculatum and F. mosseae was 55% and 67%, respectively, higher than I. purpurea plants, grown in the same condition.ConclusionsResults suggest that AMF can play a crucial role in enhancing of secondary metabolites in these three weeds, thereby improving their allelopathic potential and competitive ability.Graphic

Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)

Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)

Application of Morning Glory Flower (Ipomea purpurea) Extract for Colouring Plant Section Preparation

Background: Preparing requires colouring to clarify or sharpen various tissue parts, especially cells. The use of synthetic dyes in preparations in the long term can less impact both living things and the environment. The study aims to obtain natural dyes from morning glory flowers at optimal temperatures and pH and find out the feasibility of preparations coloured using Morning Glory flower extract. Method: The extraction process uses a maceration method with different temperature variations of 400C, 500C, 600C, 700C, 800C and different pH i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6. The preparation process uses different dye concentration variations. The concentrations used are 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. Data analysis techniques use descriptive and percentage analysis methods. Results: Morning glory flower extract (Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth) can colour dermal tissue, empulur, cortex and transport beams on the stems of cayenne pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.). Conclusion: Natural dyes of morning glory flowers can be used as a learning medium with a 74% eligibility rate for preparing with morning glory flower dyes.

Indaziflam: Control Effectiveness in Monocotyledonous and Eudicotyledonous Weeds as a Function of Herbicide Dose and Soil Texture.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> The indaziflam herbicide has efficiency in the control of monocotyledons weeds and is recommended for some eudicotyledonous species. However, the efficiency of the control can vary to the detriment of the species, dose and soil texture. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the control of indaziflam herbicide for weeds species <i>Mucuna aterrima</i>, <i>Sorghum halepense</i>, <i>Ipomoea purpurea</i>, <i>Rottboellia exaltata</i>, <i>Urochloa decumbens</i>, <i>Merremia aegyptia</i>, <i>Cenchrus echinatus</i>, <i>Digitaria horizontalis</i>, <i>Panicum maximum</i>, <i>Tridax procumbens</i>, <i>Urochloa plantaginea</i> and <i>Eleusine indica</i>, besides elaborating the calculation of DL<sub>80</sub>, DL<sub>90</sub> and DL<sub>95</sub> of the product in two types of soil. Material and Methods: Thus, experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, isolated for each weed species, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications and a 10×2 factorial scheme, with ten doses of the herbicide indaziflam (0 D, 1/16 D, 1/8 D, 1/4 D, 1/2 D, D, 2 D, 4 D, 8 D, 16 D, being D = 100 g ha<sup>1</sup>), applied in pre-emergence and two contrasting soil textures (clayey and sandy). At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after weed emergence (DAE), visual control assessments were performed and in the last evaluation, the dry mass of the aerial part was performed. <b>Results:</b> The weeds of the Poaceae family showed greater susceptibility to the indaziflam herbicide, on the other hand, the <i>Mucuna aterrima</i>, <i>Ipomoea purpurea</i> and <i>Merremia aegyptia </i>weeds required a higher dose of active ingredient to be controlled efficiently. <b>Conclusion:</b> In general, the current study concluded that a lesser amount of active ingredient was needed in sandy soil than in clayey soils to promote adequate weed control. Therefore, the difference in the susceptibility of the studied plants as function of dose indaziflam, weeds species and soil texture.

First complete chloroplast genome of the rare medicinal plant Schnabelia tetrodonta

Schnabelia tetrodonta is a medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the molecular biology data of the species was too scarce to bioprospect the medicinal species. In this study, the first complete chloroplast genome (cp) of S. tetrodonta was sequenced and assembled based on the next generation sequencing. The cp genome is 157,004 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,605 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 36,899 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 18,250 bp each. The genome encodes 134 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content of whole genome is 37.80%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 20 complete cp sequences (19 genome sequences from the Teucrioideae of Lamiaceae and an outgroup of Ipomoea purpurea) revealed that S. tetrodonta was closely related to S. oligophylla.

Complete genome sequence of a novel varicosavirus infecting tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea).

A novel varicosa-like virus was identified in a tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) plant by high-throughput sequencing and tentatively named "morning glory varicosavirus" (MGVV). The complete genome of MGVV contains two segments of negative-sense single-stranded RNA of 6409 (RNA1) and 5288 (RNA2) nucleotides. RNA1 encodes a 224.3-kDa large protein (224K), and RNA2 encodes four putative proteins of 48.6 kDa (49K), 46.4 kDa (46K), 35.7 kDa (36K), and 36.8 kDa (37K), respectively. The 224K and 49K proteins show amino acid sequence similarity to the large protein (39.4%) and the 49K protein (22.6%), respectively, of red clover-associated varicosavirus, and the 36K protein shares 19.6% amino acid sequence similarity with protein 3 of lettuce big-vein associated virus. The 46K and 37K proteins share no significant sequence similarity to known functional viral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the large protein of MGVV and other rhabdoviruses showed that MGVV clustered with the varicosaviruses. These analyses indicate that MGVV is a novel member of the genus Varicosavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae.