Common Memory Research Articles

Idea of the Supranational Identity in Österreichischer Plutarch by Joseph von Hormayr

This paper considers an attempt at forming imperial identity in Austria in the early nineteenth century by means of constructing historical memory. The re-interpretation of the past for the sake of promoting dynastic patriotism can be most clearly seen in Joseph Hormayr’s Österreichischer Plutarch, a work which was aimed at creating an “All-Austrian Pantheon” and contributed a lot to mobilising the peoples of the empire to fight against Napoleon. Цsterreichischer Plutarch and its role in forming the historical memory and supranational identity of the Habsburg Empire between 1804 and 1815 have not been studied closely in Russian historiography. The author of the paper attempts to analyse the concept of Austrian history as a multinational state provided in the work. Besides, he assesses the influence of the work on the political discourse of the Habsburg monarchy paying close attention to the formation of identity by means of historical memory, and the methods for multinational state image integration into historical context. The analysis helps establish that Hormayr’s narrative became a means of constructing the supranational identity in the Habsburg monarchy, and the basis for the formation of conservatism and romanticism in Austria. Österreichischer Plutarch became a turning point for common historical memory touching upon the identity of all peoples living in the Habsburg monarchy. The concept found its place in conservative propaganda and education in the Empire. The image of Austria as a “family of peoples” found in the work is presented as historically motivated, having its own logic and the purpose to counter external threats. These results retained the same meaning even after Hormayr changed his political views.

ГАЛИЦЬКА СІЛЬСЬКА ГРОМАДА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ ЯК ОСНОВА ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА. ЗА ТВОРЧІСТЮ В. СТЕФАНИКА (ДО 150-РІЧЧЯ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ ПИСЬМЕННИКА)

The article considers the life of the Galician rural community of the early twentieth century, reflected in the works of Vasyl Stefanyk, the embodiment of the writer’s socio-political views. The spiritual foundations of the public rural system, which exist in the people’s consciousness at the genetic level and which act as a regulator and a reliable guardian of public order, have been analyzed. The authors trace how the new socio-political conditions cause changes in public life and what role the educated intelligentsia plays in these processes. In order to lead the people, it is necessary to understand them, to inspire their trust. Fiction is first and foremost an art. In the article, the writer’s ideas are presented through the interpretation of full-length, relief images, artistic details that express his ideas about the rural community. V. Stefanyk is an expressionist, so he portrays a person in extreme situations, in moments of the highest emotional tension, with a naked soul. This style of writing allows the author to achieve the maximum level of truthfulness. As a result, it was noted that at the beginning of the twentieth century there were traditions of collective solution of social problems in Ukraine, peasants sought to develop through education to improve their lives, to learn to defend their rights. Communities also took care of national life: they honored national heroes who became national symbols, because it was clear that without a common cultural memory, the images of which acquire symbolic significance, it was difficult to unite the people. Thus, Ukrainians have long traditions of public life that were interrupted during Soviet totalitarianism, but now the people are gradually returning to them, especially at critical moments in history when it is necessary to unite to confront the threats to democracy. As you can see, socio-political life continues in a cultural context, which is often determined for it. In view of this, it is promising to study the reflection of society in Ukrainian artistic literature, which depicts being in its entirety and diversity.

REMEMBERING THE COVENANTS OF THE PROPHET MUḤAMMAD

There has, in recent years, been much renewed interest in the covenants that the Prophet Muhammad issued to the non-Muslim communities of his time. This paper argues that the covenants in the hands of non-Muslims possess a great deal of parallels to the compacts that exist in the Muslim sources. When examined through a valuational lens, we find that the textual parallelisms between political documents ascribed to the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs share a common historical memory pointing to good governance and peaceful co-existence as the foundational principles of early Islamic polity. We therefore conclude by making the case that the original treaties of the Prophet would have reflected the Qur’ān’s eternal values of justice in how Muslims ought to govern state affairs and in their tolerance of the other.

Memory Politics in the European Union: in Search for Common Landmarks

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU.

Less-is-Better Protection (LBP) for memory errors in kNNs classifiers

Classification is used in a wide range of applications to determine the class of a new element; for example, it can be used to determine whether an object is a pedestrian based on images captured by the safety sensors of a vehicle. Classifiers are commonly implemented using electronic components and thus, they are subject to errors in memories and combinational logic. In some cases, classifiers are used in safety critical applications and thus, they must operate reliably. Therefore, there is a need to protect classifiers against errors. The k Nearest Neighbors (kNNs) classifier is a simple, yet powerful algorithm that is widely used; its protection against errors in the neighbor computations has been recently studied. This paper considers the protection of kNNs classifiers against errors in the memory that stores the dataset used to select the neighbors. Initially, the effects of errors in the most common memory configurations (unprotected, Parity-Check protected and Single Error Correction-Double Error Detection (SEC-DED) protected) are assessed. The results show that surprisingly, for most datasets, it is better to leave the memory unprotected than to use error detection codes to discard the element affected by an error in terms of tolerance. This observation is then leveraged to develop Less-is-Better Protection (LBP), a technique that does not require any additional parity bits and achieves better error tolerance than Parity-Check for single bit errors (reducing the classification errors by 59% for the Iris dataset) and SEC-DED codes for double bit errors (reducing the classification errors by 42% for the Iris dataset).

Selected Aspects of Zygmunt Mysłakowski’s Work Entitled O kulturze współżycia. Rozważania i propozycje [On the Culture of Coexistence: Considerations and Propositions] in the Light of His Biography

Zygmunt Mysłakowski (1890–1971) was a Polish pedagogue who contributed to the establishment and operation of many scientific and educational institutions. He was among the creators of Polish pedagogy and represented the sociological and cultural trend, as well as socialistic pedagogy. O kulturze współżycia. Rozważania i propozycje [On the Culture of Coexistence: Considerations and Propositions] is one of his lesser known, yet still topical, works concerning the foundations of the culture of coexistence and human relations including: words, speech, as well as individual and common memory. He also touches upon the aspects of elderly people and team work.

Urbicidio: sobre la violencia contemporánea contra las ciudades

El siguiente artículo se propone la aproximación, desde la filosofía, a uno de los problemas contemporáneos más relevantes de la violencia política: el urbicidio, concepto que señala la destrucción de las ciudades. El análisis desarrollado deconstruye conceptualmente las implicaciones que tienen para los tiempos de globalización bélica y armamentos tecnológicos una serie de prácticas estructuradas, consensuadas y abiertamente aceptadas que, bajo los neologismos de renovación, modernidad y progreso aniquila las formas de habitar de una comunidad históricamente articulada, en la íntima relación de los habitantes con una ciudad determinada. Este trabajo responde a la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué se acaba o qué se pierde cuando se destruye una ciudad? Esto es lo que el urbicidio nos permite comprender desde el enfoque filosófico en acercamientos categoriales como son el espacio, el cuerpo y el habitar, e irradia hacia temas de comprensión ontológica, cultural, política, social y ética.

Hokkien as a Heritage Language of Citizenry in Singapore

In examining Hokkien as a heritage language in Singapore, this discussion hopes to contribute to an enriching of the perception of citizenship in an ever-evolving national narrative towards one people (Mathew, 2017). The Singapore Census of Population statistics indicate that 11% of ethnic local Chinese households speak Hokkien. Singaporean television serials and movies that use Hokkien as the medium of narration achieve encouraging viewership and box office ratings, hinting that Hokkien is understood, or appreciated by a significant number of the local population as a language of prominence. Therefore, since Hokkien holds a key to common Chinese Singaporean cultural memories, this paper contemplates if learning Hokkien could cultivate a collective resilience when balancing professional, and personal challenges. To this end, 冰冰Show, a contemporary Taiwanese variety program available on YouTube, is used to evaluate the potential power of this language in nurturing citizenship.

Under the Red White and Blue: Patriotism, Disenchantment and the Stubborn Myth of The Great Gatsby

Under the Red White and Blue: Patriotism, Disenchantment and the Stubborn Myth of <i>The Great Gatsby</i>

관광객 자전적 기억에서 나타나는 관광경험 구조의 이해

The purpose of this study was to identify the common and connotation structure of the autobiographical memory formed by tourism experience. Based on Colaizzi’s phenomenological method, the contents of common autobiographical memories in the retrospective of tourism experience was summarized in an intensive structure. Specifically, the autobiographical memory in the pre-trip stage was structured into three categories('Travel planning', 'Self-directed planning', and 'Expectation and anxiety'). The on-site stage was structured into a single category(‘Unusual experiences’). Lastly, the post-trip stage’s autobiographical memory was structured into three categories(‘Discovering new meanings’, ‘Positively distorted emotions’, and ‘Savoring memories’). The tourism experience shown in autobiographical memory is derived from experiences that have given subjective meanings according to cognitive and affective self-consciousness. It may include past experience or unconsciously, automatically, or reflexively by certain external conditions or stimulation. In particular, prior knowledge and external stimulation accumulated from past experience acted as crucial influence factors of tourist behavior and decision-making, and the process of such selection was also a part of the autobiographical memory. It was also identified that the autobiographical memory could be reconstructed and distorted by various factors. Our findings may help researchers and practitioners understanding the decision-making mechanism in tourist autobiographical memory, and devise various theoretical and practical strategies for evoking and promoting memory.

Personal Photo Album and Collective Memory: The Case of Romualdas Požerskis’ Photographs and Diary

Summary History and memory have been the conceptual core of many Lithuanian photography based contemporary art works as well as international curatorial art projects, including authors from different Baltic countries. On the one hand, this indicates the relevance of the subject related to photography and memory; on the other hand, it also shows the overexploitation of personal and historical memory in contemporary photography and in contemporary art in general. In this context the article analyses Romualdas Požerskis’ personal album photographs from the years 1971–1975 and his written diaries from the years 1965–1985. The photographs captured Požerskis’ and his friends’ leisure activities, mainly rides on motorcycles across Lithuania and one trip to Tallinn, Estonia. The diary reflects the key historical events of the time, describes Požerskis’ attitude to it and reveals his personal emotional, intimate experiences. The beginning of the seventies was the time when the now famous Lithuanian photographer Požerskis was still a student, who did not consider himself a creative photographer. However, his photographs and diary from this period have been published in a book “Restless Riders” in 2017 putting this visual and written material in between the private and the public, and in between creative photography field and visual history of the country’s past. The aim of the article is to show how personal photography can help to restore or even create collective memory. To reach this aim the article addresses the respective tasks of explaining the importance of photography’s emotional content in building up a collective memory and revealing how the way in which Požerskis’ personal photo album and private diaries relate to collective memory is distinctive in the context of photography-based Baltic contemporary art. The article claims that the “Restless Riders” case is different because of its emotional content unmediated by interdisciplinary presentation, art’s conceptual framework or amendments to its visual form. Although it is impossible for the beholder to restore the emotional experience of the author, it is not difficult to let the photographs trigger his or her own memories or imaginary vision of the past. This in turn fills the personal story of photographer with emotion and lets it be seen as part of a liveable historical narrative. This narrative, visualized and made public has the potential to add up to the cultural myth, or in other words, common memory and assumptions, which support the identity of community and nation.

Offline: Holocaust education—a medical imperative

As school students in England in the 1970s, we were taught the bare facts of the Holocaust. And that is where we left it. A fact of history, a fact certainly to be remembered, yet a fact that seemed very distant from contemporary times. But last week, the Ontario Medical Association, together with Doctors Against Racism and Anti-Semitism, held a webinar to discuss the case for teaching the Holocaust in medical schools. The meeting was led by Dr Frank Sommers, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto. Born in Budapest in 1943, Dr Sommers' extended family died in Nazi concentration camps. The webinar also heard evidence from bioethicist Dr Sheena Eagan and Professor Sheldon Rubenfeld, founder of the Center for Medicine after the Holocaust. Here are five reasons why the Holocaust should be considered a core subject for medicine today. First, doctors were centrally complicit in the Holocaust. Their collusion was such an extreme perversion of a physician's professional ethics that this very fact must be part of the repertoire of knowledge for every prospective doctor. Medicine drove the incremental advance towards genocide. The idea of life unworthy of life. Compulsory sterilisation. The euthanasia programme. And eventually genocide itself. A killing project led by doctors. Second, out of the Holocaust came the ethical foundation for medical research today—the Nuremberg Code. The Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, beginning on Dec 9, 1946, lasted 130 days. 20 doctors and three bureaucrats. Experiments of torture, atrocity, and murder. The goal: to find methods to produce death, not healing. The Nuremberg Code was an integral part of the final legal judgment. The nature of human experimentation was at the heart of the trial. For the first time, the Nuremberg Code set out the principles of research ethics. The Nuremberg Code defines fundamental human rights for all research participants. One cannot begin to understand the moral basis of medical research in the 21st century without understanding the Nuremberg Code. And one cannot understand the Nuremberg Code without understanding the Holocaust. Third, teaching the Holocaust provides an opportunity for medicine to play its part in fighting anti-Semitism. Racism, including anti-Jewish hatred, is a public health issue. Teaching the Holocaust would be a significant act of resistance by the medical profession. Fourth, including the Holocaust in the medical curriculum would provide an opportunity to reflect on the role of the doctor in society. The idea of medical professionalism is based on a moral contract between the doctor and the individual patient in society. But for Nazi doctors during the Holocaust, individuals had no meaning whatsoever. The underlying idea of Nazism was that society was an organic entity where the individual was subordinated to the body politic. The doctor's duty was to serve the body politic, not the individual. Teaching the Holocaust would be a starting point for reflecting on the meaning of science, service, and human dignity in medicine—indeed, the very meaning of a profession. Finally, teaching the Holocaust would emphasise two vital principles in medicine. First, that the value of every human life is infinite. Second, our shared fate. As Robert J Lifton has argued, “We have a sense of kinship with every other self on the planet because we recognise that we all may go down together if we don't pull together to survive.” Genocide. The climate crisis. Nuclear war. COVID-19. These are the shared threats we face together. Teaching the Holocaust would foster that sense of kinship. In Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account, Miklós Nyiszli wrote that “it was absolutely necessary to forget...if we wanted to keep from going mad”. An understandable sentiment. By contrast, the philosopher Avishai Margalit has proposed the notion of an ethics of memory. In his book of the same name, Margalit asks whether there is an obligation to remember. And if so, what is the nature of that obligation? He distinguishes between common memory—the aggregate of individual memories—and shared memory, a community of memory that demands action. “Even the project of remembering the gloomiest of memories is a hopeful project”, Margalit wrote. And, “a proper community of memory may help shape a nation”. Teaching the Holocaust in medicine might possibly do much more. It might just be a contribution to protecting all the peoples of the world from atrocities impossible to imagine.

Forging intragenerational and common memories: Revisiting Paracuellos’s graphic violence in times of confinement

In our times of confinement, cultural production has become as important as it is precarious. Reading habits were revamped during the most stringent moments of the early lockdown. Some would consume new products, some would revisit their favourite classics. In this article, I analyse Carlos Giménez’s pioneering graphic work, a(n) (auto)biographical series of comics surrounding children’s experiences in Francoist orphanages, or ‘Homes’ (Hogares de Auxilio). I argue that Paracuellos operates as an isotopic and confining device at formal, thematic, intragenerational and affecting levels. It displays an aesthetic of confinement and brings together a set of core themes that generate a continuum of isotopic semantics, catalysing the work’s capacity to affect and be affected. Graphic violence is as its core and serves as the main constant, be that presently exercised or absently loomed, in a context of pathos, loss and scarcity. This article further explores how the comics series pulls back the veil on the folds of early Francoism as well as the later transition to democracy, a period of ‘lockdown’ for cultural memory in general, and for the experienced confinement in the Francoist ‘Homes’ in particular. The piece suggests that in retrieving this collection of common memories of recurrent episodes of violence experienced individually, Giménez’s work ultimately nuances the monolithic concept of collective memory within cultural production.

‘Disrupted Narratives’: Lawrence Langer’s Explorations of Deep Memory in Holocaust Testimonies

ABSTRACT Lawrence Langer has played a foundational role in foregrounding the importance of examining Holocaust testimonies in their own right, as singularly textured personal remembrances, not only as historical sources to be read for their transcripts by historians and other scholars of the Holocaust. At its centre, Langer’s body of work over five decades emphasizes the anti-redemptive experiences and ‘choiceless choices’ of those who survived the Holocaust. He underscores how testimony can begin to reveal what life was like for witnesses under circumstances that systematically undermined moral and ethical values. Rather than imposing heroic or healing narratives on testimonies, his analytical approach is directed towards training our eyes and ears to how witnesses express the anguished, humiliated, and shattered aspects of their experiences. While it is impossible for anyone other than a survivor to fully comprehend what he or she went through, Langer makes the compelling case that interviewers and audiences are nonetheless obliged to try to understand survivors, all the while acknowledging the impossibility of doing so. In that sense, Langer foregrounds the paradoxical nature of giving and receiving testimonies. He advocates for modes of intimately conducting and interpreting testimonies with witnesses without being appropriative of their experiences; while deeply invested in receiving the testimonies of others, he nonetheless recognizes the experiential rift that separates witnesses from those who bear witness to their recollections. This essay foregrounds the importance of Langer’s explorations of the lacunae and tensions that mark testimonies, particularly as they manifest in the interplay between ‘common memory’ and ‘deep memory.’ Langer’s analysis of that dynamic profoundly shapes not only the ways we document and interpret testimonies of the Holocaust, but also those of other genocides.

Khālid b. al-Wālid’s Treaty with the People of Damascus: Identifying the Source Document through Shared and Competing Historical Memories

Abstract This article examines the different versions of the Treaty which Khālid b. al-Wālid granted to the people of Damascus and notes the variations and textual discrepancies between them by examining both Muslim and non-Muslim sources. We demonstrate how the accounts share a common historical memory in recalling the issuance of treaties in the era of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. We argue that the original Treaty with the People of Damascus represented in all likelihood the template for all other treaties given to the inhabitants of Greater Syria, Jordan and Palestine, whose echoes can also be found resonating in Egypt and Iraq. Most important of all, by navigating through the competing and shared historical memories, we conclude that the original Treaty stipulated that the indigenous population’s churches neither be destroyed nor inhabited. We conclude by proposing that this standard policy was not just based on mere pragmatism, but also on some sort of written ordinance that originated with the Prophet Muḥammad.

The use of public service advertising for solving social problems

Modern society, whose typical features, among other characteristics, are the growth and development of the advertising industry, is more and more interested in public service advertising whose goal is to draw the attention of a wider audience to social problems. The result of public service advertising is the formation of certain moral and value attitudes. Advertising influences the consciousness of people by promoting a certain attitude to life and ensuring the relevance of moral and social values, as well as an active socio-political position. In general, public service advertising is regarded as a means of regulating social processes. Avoiding the extremes of coercion and indifference, public service advertising makes the individual focused on the problems that should be addressed. The research goal is to analyze the experience accumulated by government bodies regarding the use of public service advertising for solving social problems. Methodology. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 at Yelets State Ivan Bunin University (Lipetsk Region). The subject matter of the research was the population of the Lipetsk region (n=1200). The scope of the study was the use of public service advertising in the government activities and the attitude of the population to public service advertising. Results and their analysis. As an instrument of influence on public consciousness and a factor in the formation of certain behavioral models, public service advertising implies interaction among society, public organizations, business, and government bodies. It is a method of targeted impact on society aimed at solving social problems. The development of public service advertising is driven by the changing attitude to social problems, both by government bodies and people, most of whom consider public service advertising to be an effective tool for raising social problems and improving social behavior. Health and family remain important themes of public service advertising. By drawing attention to social phenomena and problems, public service advertising promotes humanity, law, and care in society. Focus on public order, protection of public and personal interests and civil rights increases legal awareness in society. There is still public demand for public service advertising that stimulates people’s interest in certain projects, programs, organizations, usually non-profit. Event advertising successfully informs the audience about upcoming festive events, historical dates, and strengthens common social memory. Public service advertising does not contradict basic social attitudes, and its study is useful for understanding and interpreting public consciousness.&#x0D;

HPDM: A Survey Paper

This survey reviews several approaches of HPDM from many research groups world wide. Modern computer hardware supports the development of high-performance applications for data analysis on many different levels. The focus is on modern multi-core processors built into today's commodity computers, which are typically found at university institutes both as small server and workstation computers. So they are deliberately not high-performance computers. Modern multi-core processors consist of several (2 to over 100) computer cores, which work independently of each other according to the principle of instruction multiple data'' (MIMD). They have a common main memory (shared memory). Each of these computer cores has several (2-16) arithmetic-logic units, which can simultaneously carry out the same arithmetic operation on several data in a vector-like manner (single instruction multiple data, SIMD). HPDM algorithms must use both types of parallelism (SIMD and MIMD), with access to the main memory (centralized component) being the main barrier to increased efficiency.

Union state – common memory? Ethical foundations of the historical policy of Russia and Belarus in the 21st century

Union state – common memory? Ethical foundations of the historical policy of Russia and Belarus in the 21st century

AYŞE KULİN’İN GECE SESLERİ ADLI ROMANINDA KADINA YÖNELİK ŞİDDET

Bireyi kendisine merkez olarak alan edebiyat, insanlığın ortak hafızası ve vicdanıdır. İnsan ise duyguları, düşünceleri ve karmaşık zihin dünyasıyla tanımlanması zor bir varlıktır. Roman, edebî türler içinde insan gerçekliğini uzun soluklu bir kurgu içinde vermesi ve anlatı dünyasının imkânlarından sonuna kadar faydalanması özelliğiyle kültürel, toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümün bir aynası niteliğindedir. Kendini oluşturmaya devam eden bir tür olarak romanın gücü, diğer edebî türlerin yapamadığı, kendini modern yaşamın şaşırtıcı hızına koşut bir şekilde güncellemesinde yatar. Türk edebiyatında romanın doğuşundan itibaren yazarlarımız, insanı ve onun dünyasını roman sanatının kendilerine sağladığı imkânlar ölçüsünde anlatmaya özen göstermişlerdir. Günümüz Türk romanının önemli isimlerinden olan Ayşe Kulin de romanlarında çağının tanığı ve sesi olarak, kadınları anlatan tutumuyla dikkati çekmektedir. Gece Sesleri romanı, vakaların geçtiği dönemin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel koşullarını romancının özgün bakış açısıyla verirken tarihsel zamanın panoramasını da romanına bir arka plan olarak yerleştirmektedir.Toplum hayatında yaygın olarak görülen cinsiyetçi anlayış, geleneksel kültürümüzün de bu anlayışa sağladığı kültürel dayanakla en belirgin tavrını kadına yönelik şiddet ve ötekileştirme olgusunda göstermektedir. Kadına yönelik şiddet olgusu diğer bilim dalları tarafından da incelenmekle beraber insanı anlatan modern bir edebî tür olan romanda, toplumsal bir duyarlık temelinde işlenmektedir. Bu yazıda, Gece Sesleri adlı eserde kadına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen şiddetin değişik boyutları incelenerek romanın anlam dünyası içinde önemli bir nesne konumunda olan kadına dair bir farkındalık oluşturmak hedeflenmektedir.

Influence of Cilostazol on Changes in Cyclin D1 Expression in Cerebral Cortex of Rats with Chronic Cerebral Ischemia.

The influence of cilostazol on learning and memory, and cyclin D1 expression in the cerebral cortex of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were investigated. A chronic cerebral ischemia model was established using the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method (2VO), learning and memory capacity was detected using the Morris water maze, and expression changes in apoptosis regulating gene cyclin D1 were tested by RT-PCR. Results of the Morris water maze indicated that significant extensions were found in the escape latent period and swimming path of rats in the ischemia group (2VO group), learning and memory results in the cilostazol group was obviously superior compared to the 2VO group (P<0.05), and the expression of cyclin D1 was observed to increase in both the ischemia and cilostazol intervention groups at the 9th week of ischemia. A significant difference was observed, compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05), the expression level decreased in the ischemia group compared with the cilostazol group, and a significant difference was identified compared with the ischemia group (P<0.05). Cilostazol can reduce nerve function impairment and improve learning and memory functions by affecting changes in apoptosis regulating genes.