Common Man Research Articles

The anesthetists’ concerns regarding robotic surgery

Advancement of technology has great impact on medical field. With all its pros and cons its use can be practiced with minimizing the risk and maximizing its benefits for the wellness of patient. With all the goodness that it offers to the surgery; its demand for environment and changes in the physiology of patient remains concerning for the anesthetist and surgical team. Despite the progression, it's huge space occupying size and its extra costly investment makes it difficult for usual setups to initiate it's use for common man. The robotic system has been used in a range of specialist areas, including bariatrics, general surgery, & cardiothoracic and urological surgeries and gynecological surgeries. Here we discuss various issues faced by the anesthetist to accommodate the concerns of robot assisted surgeries for the better outcome of the patients. Keywords: Anesthesia; Robotic surgical procedures; Education; Training; Pakistan Citation: Raza S, Tabassum S. The anesthetists’ concerns regarding robotic surgery. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(5):788−790; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i5.2542 Received: August 06, 2024; Reviewed: September 14, 2024; Accepted: September 14, 20

Electoral Politics and Voting Behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Comparative Analysis of ANP Vote Bank in 2008 and 2013

This paper endeavors to identify the level of difference in electoral politics of Awami National Party on account of vote bank received in general elections 2008 and 2013. The elections act as a bridge between political elites and common people, between polity and society, between individuals and state and democratic governance. The data collected for research with the objective is to compare the results of ANP in 2008 and 2013 general elections and were comparatively analyzed on the basis of certain reasons due to which ANP vote bank led towards downfall as compare to PTI in KP region. The unresolved socio-economic issues of common man, party mismanagement, politics of kinship and ethno-national feelings of ANP impacted the electoral results of the party inversely in 2013 election despite of political achievements post 2008 election and so voters opted for other options in elections of 2013.

The Effect of Water Sports on the Performance of Adolescent Boys

In our education system sports has given the importance at school and college levels. Even though enriching athletic performance is a real problem in our country. Many rural students are up to the mark and willing for hardworking but due to lack of facilities they are lagging behind. Consequently, the participation of students in track and field athletics in Indian schools is also amazingly very less. They prefer major games because maximum incentives and importance are given by the sports world. Out media highlights mostly the sports starts of cricket, football, hockey, badminton, tennis, etc. but rarely gives importance to track and field athletes. Presently the status of 100 meters sprint event especially for boys have enriched as a competitive sports. The excitement and thrill provided by this particular event has won the heart of common man. After the pretest, with 100 meters sprint, the experimental group underwent a training programme of aqua exercises and control group did not participate in any training programme but they were following their daily routine in the school. The training program has been conducted three days in a week alternatively, for total period of 12 weeks. The training schedule prepared by the investigator was applied to the experimental group. The mid test of both the groups administered after every two weeks. A total five mid tests were administered and post test was administered after 12 week training program. The 100 meter sprint performance was considered as the main dependent variable as selected in this study and the training intervention (i. e. aqua exercises) was considered as independent variable. And finally it help to conclude that through the aqua exercise training program module there was gradual and useful improvement in performance ability of 100 meter sprint of school going boys.

Exploring the Mechanisms that Allow Incompatible Beliefs to Coexist in the Cognitive System.

Despite assumptions that people strive for consistency between their beliefs, endorsement of mutually incompatible ones is not rare - a tendency we have previously labelled doublethink, by borrowing from Orwell. In an attempt to understand the nature of doublethink and the underlying mechanism that enables incompatible beliefs to coexist, we conducted two preregistered studies (total N = 691). To do so, in Study 1, we first explored how doublethink relates to (1) thinking styles (rational/intuitive, actively open-minded thinking, and need for cognitive closure), (2) a set of irrational beliefs (magical health, conspiratorial, superstitious, and paranormal beliefs) and (3) its predictiveness for questionable health practices (non-adherence to medical recommendations and use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine). We then additionally expanded the set of health behaviors in Study 2, and related doublethink to trust in two epistemic authorities - science and the wisdom of the common man. Finally, in both studies, we explored whether those prone to inconsistent beliefs are also more likely to simultaneously rely on conventional and alternative medicine, despite their apparent incompatibility. While doublethink was positively related to need for cognitive closure and different irrational beliefs that easily incorporate contradictions, as well as negatively to actively open-minded thinking, we did not find it to be predictive of the use of non-evidence-based medicine nor of its simultaneous use with official medicine. It seems that this novel construct can be best understood as a feature of the cognitive system that allows incompatible claims to enter it. However, once beliefs are within the system, they are compartmentalized, without any cross-referencing between them. This is further reflected in non-evidence-based beliefs persisting within the belief system, irrespective of their content.

From Quackery to Super-Specialization: A Brief History of Aesthetic Surgery

AbstractFrom time immemorial, human beings have always tried to decorate themselves to look more beautiful and attractive to an onlooker, in turn improving their own self-esteem. Thus, Ayurveda in India and Ebers Papyrus in Egypt, written thousands of years ago, mention a variety of cosmetics being used for the same. However, operative interventions were mainly reconstructive and any improved aesthetics was a by-product only (e.g., restoration of amputated nose). The surgery for purely cosmetic reasons started less than 150 years ago after the availability of anesthesia and antisepsis. Initially, the medical profession and the common man were skeptical of these interventions and even ridiculed the patient and the clinician. The pioneers were labeled as quacks and working against the law, and some of them had to even commit suicide, while the patients were labeled as “psychiatric.” The past 50 years have seen aesthetic procedures, both surgical and nonsurgical, being performed by highly qualified superspecialists. This article attempts to trace this change.

Impact of Goods and Service Tax on Common Man

A system of indirect taxes called the Goods and Services Tax is imposed on the consumptionof products and services. It has established a dual system that the central and the states wouldimplement simultaneously. This study's main goal is to bring India's tax structure closer to uniformity byimplementing the GST. GST stands for One Nation, One Tax, One Market. It tries to examine how theGoods and Services Tax affects the average person. This research discovered that additional awarenesscampaigns and commercials may be supported to help the average person understand the GSTproposal.

Cyber Safety Consciousness Among the Students Pursuing Higher Education: A Study of Selected Colleges and Universities in Bengaluru—the Capital City of Karnataka

The innovations in information and communication technology have made it convenient for the government to deliver services to the people in a time-bound manner, besides causing inconvenience to many, including the government, due to their ill-effects. The countries of the world are plagued with cyber threats that are proving to be detrimental to carrying out administration and discouraging the common man from going digital. India is not an exception. This article focuses on the cyber-safety consciousness of students pursuing higher education. It highlights the initiatives introduced by the government and the role of University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) in confronting cyber threats among students. To comprehend the cyber safety awareness among the students, a questionnaire was circulated among the selected colleges and universities in Bengaluru—the capital city of Karnataka. This article suggests measures to make the virtual environment safe and secure for students.

Evaluating the impacts of anticipated sea level rise, climate change and land use land cover scenarios on the rice crop in Alappuzha, Kerala and strategies to build climate responsive agriculture

PurposeThis paper aims to inform the readers an overview of expected impacts of sea level rise (SLR) and climate change on rice crops area, yield and the urgent need to build climate responsive infrastructures to a coastal district, Alappuzha – a high-risk area which is already under mean sea level (MSL). This research carried out to understand the realities and impacts with respect to the exposures of rise in SLR and possible inundation extent of crop land. The extreme precipitation events have caused crop loss and damage, numerous casualties and enormous economic loss in this district during the recent past and project the likely impacts under anticipated climate change.Design/methodology/approachGlobal sea levels have already been risen noticeably as a result of climate change, and this trend is anticipated to continue. To reflect on the research objectives, the paper projects a climate change scenario analysis and impact assessment on the major crop grown, i.e. rice, using a crop simulation model, DSSAT 4.7 as the first part of the study. QGIS 3.28 version and Erdas Imagine software were used for land use land cover analysis and to delineate possible inundation in the major land use land cover, especially in agriculture area under SLR scenario. It points out the need to equip the district urgently with climate responsive agriculture strategies as majority of the area comes under 10 mts of elevation as per the Sentinel 2 data. For better adapting to the current and future climate change impacts in the aspects of built environment such as early warnings in farm sector in particular and forests, urban water management, transportation systems, building construction and operation and land use planning in general. Climate change is no longer a policy issue alone; now it is a common man’s nightmare. For a coastal state like Kerala, extreme climate events during 2018 and 2019 and 2021 have posed substantial impacts and damages on the environment and society. The impacts hit the vulnerable communities in multiple ways.FindingsFrom the analysis, it was revealed that there is an increasing trend in rainfall observed over the past three decades in Alappuzha district. It is projected that day and night time temperatures may increase in Alappuzha by 2.5°C and 2.6°C by 2100, respectively, under RCP 4.5. With unchecked pollution or emission reduction actions, warming may further rise and hence the median projection when SLR reaches 2.4 meters (8 ft) at Alappuzha to Cochin coast is 2130s. The possible inundation analysis shows that around 53.48% of the coastal agriculture land may be likely inundated if SLR is only with mitigation measures such as extreme carbon cuts, SLR rise can be delayed till 2200. Alappuzha is known as the rice bowl of Kerala; however, it is highly exposed to climate vulnerability in terms of its unique environmental geographical settings like coastal wetlands, lagoons and sand beaches. DSSAT simulations shows that Uma rice, a major ruling variety in the region, may have yield reductions of up to 13% in the near century for Alappuzha.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper in general explains the projected climate change perspectives for Alappuzha, a climate change hotspot of Kerala with respect to SLR and coastal agriculture. and a review of the progression of DRR in the built environment and mainstreaming CCA and DRR by government and other agencies in the state.Practical implicationsThis study underscores the urgent need for climate-responsive agricultural strategies in Alappuzha, Kerala, due to anticipated sea level rise, climate change, and land use changes. Equipping farmers with the knowledge and tools to adapt is essential for ensuring food security and sustainable livelihoods. Implementing climate-resilient practices and technologies will help mitigate adverse effects on rice crops, promoting economic stability and resilience in the region. Involving local stakeholders in the adaptation process is crucial, as their participation can enhance collaboration, increase awareness, and accelerate the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, making the transition smoother and more effective.Social implicationsIt is the responsibility of the scientific community to inform the knowledge gained for the benefit of the society, especially on criticality of altering the existing land use pattern and building climate resilient coastal infrastructures. Studies such as this can stand as basis for implementing planned adaption actions. This is to conclude that instead of working in silos, mainstreaming climate change adaptation holistically across sectors is very necessary at this crucial hour. Participatory action plans and policies involving all local stakeholders can strengthen awareness and fasten the learning processes for adaptation including managed retreats.Originality/valueAt present, there are no specific studies, on the impacts of climate change and SLR on rice cropping systems in the district which specifically inform how to mainstream adaptation in the agriculture strategies in low lying coastal zones of Alappuzha.

The Economic Resources of the Jahili Arabs

The Arabs had established their name and place in Arab civilization since ancient times. They were well aware of the secret that nations that remain economically backward can never achieve progress and prosperity. They worked tirelessly and with great skill in the economic field to maintain their freedom and autonomy, which was their natural characteristic. This is evident from their economic life.We see that their commercial life not only fulfilled their economic needs, but also enabled them to establish cultural and civilizational ties with the nations of the world, which is certainly a testament to their high capabilities. They worked with courage to open up the rocky lands of Arabia and make them arable, and they used their ingenuity and craftsmanship to create countless products.An important feature of their society was that even the common man did not shy away from hard work and labor. If someone could not find anything else to do, they would take up herding as their occupation. Although some individuals, devoid of natural good sense, also adopted uncivilized methods for earning a living, the Arabs' sense of honor and pride generally prevented them from doing so.By adhering to their social values, they always ensured the stability of their economic condition and protected themselves from any external element. This was a historical achievement of an extraordinary kind.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among private shopkeepers after COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Mohali, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected almost all sections of society. The economy of the country collapsed and it affected the economic situation of the common man. Private shopkeepers also suffered as they could not open their shops. The current study was an effort to assess the psychological status of these people. To assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels among private shopkeepers in Mohali after the COVID-19 pandemic who were previously mentally healthy. This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 consenting private shopkeepers from 10 different topographically scattered markets of Mohali. Written informed consent was obtained. Ethical clearance was sorted by the institutional ethics committee. Sociodemographic data were recorded on sociodemographic proforma. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21) was employed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. A total of 34.2% of shopkeepers had depression, 31.4% had anxiety, and 44.80% had stress. Out of which street vendors had more depression (6.60%), anxiety (6.80%), and stress (7.40%) compared to other shopkeepers. Depression (36.07%), anxiety (32.61%), and stress (46.87%) were comparatively more among shopkeepers who had incurred financial loss compared to those who had received gain. Shopkeepers who had their shops closed were suffering from depression (35.42%), anxiety (33.26%), and stress (46.65%) comparatively more than individuals who had their shops open. A total of 59.75%, 51.57%, and 72.96% of shopkeepers whose products expired during the pandemic were suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Depression, anxiety, and stress are high in private shopkeepers after the pandemic. Mental health services should be more accessible, affordable, and available during a pandemic and its aftermath. The economy of the country should be strengthened after the pandemic keeping in interest the economic needs of the common man.

Use of explainable AI to interpret the results of NLP models for sentimental analysis

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems is significantly increased in the past few years. AI system is expected to provide accurate predictions and it is also crucial that the decisions made by the AI systems are humanly interpretable i.e. anyone must be able to understand and comprehend the results produced by the AI system. AI systems are being implemented even for simple decision support and are easily accessible to the common man on the tip of their fingers. The increase in usage of AI has come with its own limitation, i.e. its interpretability. This work contributes towards the use of explainability methods such as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) to interpret the results of various black box models. The conclusion is that, the bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) model is superior for sentiment analysis. The operations of a random forest classifier, a black box model, using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques like LIME is used in this work. The features used by the random forest model for classification are not entirely correct. The use of LIME made this possible. The proposed model can be used to enhance performance, which raises the trustworthiness and legitimacy of AI systems.

Theatre of the Absurd, Pre-Election Matters and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria: Reflections on APC V Machina

The practice of theatre of the absurd is more present and popular with politicians in Africa than with playwrights. Particularly in Nigeria, the grotesque images and ridiculousness in the utterances of those saddled with the responsibilities of governance can only be viewed as characters in any known absurdist’ play. Nigeria is a nascent democracy, and the 2023 general elections are fraught with inadequacies right from the moment of selection of party candidates through the election proper. Candidates, political parties executives and the court have engineered these inadequacies. The concern of court being the last hope of common man, is on the administration of justice as perceived by parties involved in a case and the society. Therefore, a flawed judgment can only serve to dampen the peoples’ belief in the sanctity of the judiciary. On 28th May 2022, Bashir Machina contested and won the All Progressive Congress’s Yobe North Senatorial primary election unopposed, and in June the same year, the political party submitted the name of Ahmad Lawan to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) as its candidate for the main election into the Senate. In the ensuing litigation, both lower court and court of appeal affirmed the authentic candidacy of Machina, however, the Supreme Court in its judgment, affirmed Ahmad Lawan as the APC candidate for the election to the Senate. It is against this background that this study examines APC v Machina and argued that in this particular case, justice has been perceived not to have been done by the large segment of the society based on the peoples reaction in the media. We conclude that the five justices of the Supreme Court with divided resolution of three against two, and other participants in the litigation, merely represent different characters of an absurd drama fit only for the stage.

The Phenomenon of “the Other" in the context of the American Dream in American Proletarian Literature and Left-Wing Political Discourse of the 1920s and 30s

The global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic generated serious social upheavals, intensified the politicization of the literary process and awakens literary discourse, highlighting the “enduring reality" of national identity and social class. The proletarian literature of the USA of the 1920s and 30s and the left-wing political discourse of this period echoing it are a vivid example of understanding these issues in American society and in the life of the common man. This article aims to analyze and summarize the most fundamental aspects of American proletarian literature, as a phenomenon of the 1920s and 30s, and left-wing political discourse, shedding light on the relationship between two phenomena directly related to American identity – the "Other" and the "American Dream". The themes of identity and otherness in American history and literature of this period were critically analyzed using the example of historical documents, literary texts and theoretical studies. The novelty of the study lies in its synthesizing nature; the important aspects and patterns have been identified that combine a body of sources of various scales on the topic of the American Dream and the concept of the Other, relating to individuals or groups who are excluded from the idealized vision of success due to the existence of systemic obstacles to access to the same opportunities and results that the mainstream or dominant culture possesses. The results of the study open the way for further literary studies of the broader socio-political contexts that shaped the production and perception of proletarian literature, and their significance for the modern understanding of American society and the social challenges that it faces.

Assistive Technology for Navigation of Visually Impaired People

In this paper, an assistive navigational technology was proposed for those who are blind. People who are visually impaired are more likely to be physically inactive, move more slowly, and dread falling. As a result, the majority of them lack the confidence necessary to travel on their own in strange places. Despite the fact that some technology advancements can help them, not all of them are affordable to the common man. Through our efforts, we hope to help visually impaired persons feel secure and confident while navigating new surroundings. Assistive tech- nology for navigation of visually impaired people is an affordable and efficient computer vision based blind guidance system that helps the user detect the distance to obstacles well in advance and avoid them. The suggested system also includes an emergency distress alert feature that enables users to communicate their locations in an emergency.

Lermontov’s reminiscences in the story of I. S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”

The article examines the story of I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow” in the context of the novel “Hero of our Time” by M.Y. Lermontov, since the issues raised in “Bezhin Meadow” and in “Fatalist” have much in common: the heroes, bearers of the Western cultural tradition, are waiting for a “common man” to answer the question, whether there is such thing as predestination – the question they don’t get answered. An analysis of the progress of Turgenev’s work on the text of “Bezhin Meadow” and of its draft versions shows that Turgenev kept reworking his text by making it closer to the “Fatalist”. In the story “Bezhin Meadow” in the pair “a simple man / a bearer of Western cultural tradition”, a redistribution of roles occurs (in comparison with the “Fatalist”): the bearer of Western cultural tradition remains in doubt, but Pavlusha is a peasant boy who has determination and is a bearer of Russian consciousness. The worldview of the “common man” combines the incongruous: both the idea of determinism and absolute freedom, illustrating the ambivalence of the Russian consciousness. The collision of the doubting hero with the bearer of national consciousness does not resolve the doubts of the hero and, rather, confirms the hopelessness of his search. The emphasized (in relation to the “Fatalist”) activity of the “common man” makes it impossible to find a hero of the time among the “heirs of Pechorin” and opens a new stage in the search for a national hero. The correlation of the narrator from “A Sportsman’s sketches” with Pechorin allows us to take a fresh look at the problem of creative ties between Turgenev and Lermontov, to clarify the way Turgenev looked at Lermontov’s hero and at the problems raised in the novel “Hero of Our Time” in the early 1850s.

Perceived Utility of Jan Aushadhi Outlets and Awareness of Generic Medicines at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Despite being the leading exporter of generic medicines to the world, affordable medicines are still beyond the reach of most patients in India.Analysis of the National Sample Survey data showed that in one year, more than 55 million Indians became poor only because they had to spend their own money to purchase medicines. The Jan Aushadhi Scheme launched by the Government of India is an ambitious step to make quality generic drugs affordable to the common man of the country. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands about Jan Aushadhi Kendras and generic medicines. The study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. A prevalidated self-made questionnaire was distributed to 200 patients visiting the OPD of different clinical departments in the hospital. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and perception of Jan Aushadhi Kendras and generic medicines were evaluated. Analysis of collected data was done using descriptive statistical measures such as mean and percentages. It was found that most of the participants were not fully aware of the Jan Aushadhi Scheme and the facts about generic medicines. The majority of the participants were under the notion that generics were not similar in quality to the branded ones. The study observed that the patients had a very poor understanding of the Jan Aushadhi Scheme and generic medicines with the majority being ignorant and having incorrect information. To fill this gap, a more proactive approach by the healthcare workers and authorities is needed to disseminate the scheme-related facts, dispel the myths regarding generics, and accept the program wholeheartedly by the common man.

Impact of smartphone on mental health among medical undergraduates: A cross-sectional study.

Smartphones have become an indispensable part of almost everyone's life. India has now become the leading and second-largest Smartphone market in the world. It has been noted that the purpose of Smartphone usage has exceptionally changed over the past few years, especially among students, professionals, and the common man. Smartphones have now become essential and the need of the hour, and medical students are no exception. Smartphones can make "smart students smarter"! There are now 10,275 unique applications labeled under the "Medical" and "Healthcare and Fitness" categories. The common medical applications used are MedCalc, Drug Infusion, Flashcards, Encyclopedia, Merck Manual, Medscape, PubMed, Epocrates, MedlinePlus, Lab test applications, Medical Dictionary, Eponyms etc. Despite the advantages and needs of smartphones, they have proven to be a source of potential hazard to human health, not only physical but also mental, social, and emotional well-being. There is consistent evidence for co-morbidity (such as obesity, heart diseases, neck and back pain, etc.) between excessive smartphone use and other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive and compulsive disorder (OCD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) similar to internet addiction. The significant association of this addiction with poorer sleep quality and higher perceived stress has been a cause for concern. Hence, further investigation to explore the association between smartphone addiction and mental health, this study was undertaken. Our study was undertaken in Dr VMGMC, Solapur, from June to August 2022, after obtaining approval from the ethical committee, approval number 172/22. Total voluntary participation for the study was 600 (from first to final year), and accordingly convenient sample size was taken. We found that out of the total participants, 42% of the participants had an average screen time of 4-6 h daily. A very small percentage of participants (4%) spent less than two hours in front of a screen. Alarmingly, 65% of the participants had an average screen time of more than 4 hours, which puts them at risk for the negative health impacts of prolonged screen time. Around 12% of them had symptoms of mild stress, 10.3% for mild anxiety, and 15.6% for mild depression. 10.6% had symptoms of moderate stress, 23.3% for moderate anxiety, and 16% for moderate depression. A small proportion of undergraduates, that is, 5%, 16%, and 11.6%, had symptoms of severe and extremely severe stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The study participants did not feel a lot of stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms when smartphones were used judiciously and mostly for non-social purposes (such as studying, listening to music, or watching videos). This investigation led us to the conclusion that there are some positive effects of smartphones on mental health. However, those who spent an excessive amount of time on their smartphones for social contact, with an average screen time of 5 h, showed signs of mild to moderate sadness, moderate anxiety, and tension, demonstrating that social media had a negative impact on the mental health of medical undergraduates. Therefore, efforts should be made to inform medical students about how using a smartphone is harming their mental health.

Essential Insights and Expert Guidance in ‘Own Your Body’: Buzzworthy for Common Man and Healthcare Providers

Essential Insights and Expert Guidance in ‘Own Your Body’: Buzzworthy for Common Man and Healthcare Providers

Justice, Social Order and the Predicament of the Common Man in Nigeria: Perspectives in Contemporary African Studies

African studies, in contemporary times, have paid significant attention to the place and value of the individual and the structures or institutions of the society where justice play a very definite role. Justice has to do with respect for the right of the individuals or every member of the society. This is because the tendency of the basic structures and principles of today’s society to reduce the individuals to an instrument is very high. The rights of the human person are inalienable hence are present at birth and continue throughout life. Is this recognized by every society and their leadership? Have class structures not relegated the right of some individuals to the background? Is there justice for the common man in Nigeria? The problem at hand now is can we formulate, modify and justify a set of principles, structures and standards that could guarantee equity, fairness, justice and ultimately, social order in society? Understanding this problem is one of the purposes of this study. To ensure this, the study adopts the phenomenological and critical analysis methods and argues for effective and efficient distribution of justice; such that will ensure social order and value for human life as well as dignity for the human person in all the classes of the society in Nigeria and Africa especially the class of the common man. Keywords: Justice, Social Order, Common man, Africa, Nigeria, African Philosophy, Egalitarianism, Classism, Human Value, Leadership

Religion and the Legal Institutional Combat against Corruption in Nigeria

Religion is man’s belief in the super abundant reality that controls the cosmic environs, propels humans’ worship and demand appeasement for pardon and favour. Corruption is the act of corrupting or the state of being corrupt, moral perversion; depravity, and perversion of integrity. The battle between religion and corruption in Nigeria is a moral one and calls for sanity and renewing of the mind. It has eaten deep into the fabrics of the nation with adverse effect on the poor masses. The perpetrating actors of corruption are found in all sectors of our nation but copiously amongst the elite and those in leadership. The objective of this research is to view the place of religious and legal institutions in combating corruptions in Nigerian. This research utilized historical approach as well as books, journals; internet materials etc as sources. It was able to examine corruption in Nigeria, holistic definition of corruption, nature and characteristics of corruption, evil of corruption, and the causes of corruption, legal and institutional fight against corruption in Nigeria, how religion aids corruption and the role of religion in combating corruption as a social responsibility/intervention in Nigeria. It recommends that religious institution should as a matter of urgency be the watchdog and the conscience of the common man in nation with respect to combating corruption in Nigeria. Keywords: Religion, Legal, Institutional, corruption, Combat, Nigeria.